Editing Rutabaga (section)

==Other uses==

===Livestock===
The roots and tops of "swedes" came into use as a forage crop in the early nineteenth century, used as winter feed for [[livestock]]. They may be fed directly (chopped or from a [[Chute (gravity)|hopper]]), or animals may be allowed to forage the plants directly in the field.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sruc.ac.uk/directory_record/3190/swedes_and_turnips|title=Swedes and Turnips – SRUC|author=SRUC|work=sruc.ac.uk|access-date=9 November 2013|archive-date=31 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231172905/https://www.sruc.ac.uk/directory_record/3190/swedes_and_turnips|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Halloween===
[[File:Traditional Irish halloween Jack-o'-lantern.jpg|thumb|upright|alt=photograph|A traditional Irish Halloween turnip (rutabaga) lantern on display in the [[Museum of Country Life]], Ireland]]
People in Northern England, West England, Ireland, and Scotland have long carved turnips and often use them as lanterns to ward off harmful spirits.<ref name=URE>{{cite web |url=http://www.uwm.edu/~barnold/lectures/holloween.html |title=Bettina Arnold&nbsp;– Halloween Lecture: Halloween Customs in the Celtic World |access-date=16 October 2007 |last=Arnold |first=Bettina |date=31 October 2001 |publisher=Center for Celtic Studies |work=Halloween [[Inaugural]] Celebration |location=[[University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee]] |archive-date=27 October 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071027173736/http://www.uwm.edu/~barnold/lectures/holloween.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> In the Middle Ages, rowdy bands of children roamed the streets in masks carrying carved turnips known in Scotland as "tumshie heads".<ref>Rogers, Nicholas (2002). "Festive Rights: Halloween in the British Isles". ''Halloween: From Pagan Ritual to Party Night''. pp. 43, 48. Oxford University Press.</ref><ref name="bannatyne">[[Lesley Bannatyne|Bannatyne, Lesley Pratt]] (1998). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=rNAXt9jLXWwC&dq=guising+SAMHAIN&pg=PA44 Forerunners to Halloween] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113014407/https://books.google.com/books?id=rNAXt9jLXWwC&pg=PA44&dq=guising+SAMHAIN |date=13 November 2022 }}''. Pelican Publishing Company. {{ISBN|1-56554-346-7}} p.&nbsp;44</ref> In modern times, turnips are often carved to look as sinister and threatening as possible and are put in the window or on the doorstep of a house on [[Halloween]] to ward off evil spirits.<ref>"[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/4385812.stm Pumpkins Passions] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081123111815/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/4385812.stm |date=23 November 2008 }}", ''BBC'', 31 October 2005. Retrieved on 19 October 2006. "[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/4383216.stm Turnip battles with pumpkin for Hallowe'en] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081109062717/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/4383216.stm |date=9 November 2008 }}", [[BBC News]], 28 October 2005. Retrieved 23 September 2007.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://edinburghnews.scotsman.com/scotland/Get-traditional-with-a-turnip.5772328.jp |title=Get traditional with a turnip this year - Top stories - Scotsman.com |publisher=Edinburghnews.scotsman.com |date=28 October 2009 |access-date=15 September 2012}}</ref>

Since [[pumpkins]] became readily available in Europe in the 1980s, they have taken over this role to a large extent.<ref name="Baxter">{{citation |author=Baxter, I. A., Schröder, M. J. A., and Bower, J. A. |year=1999 |title=The influence of socio-economic background on perceptions of vegetables among Scottish primary school children |journal=Food Quality and Preference |volume=10 |issue=4–5 |pages=261–272 |doi=10.1016/S0950-3293(98)00042-1 }}</ref> In the Isle of Man, turnip lanterns are still carved at [[Hop-tu-Naa]] (Manx equivalent of Halloween), lit with a candle or electric torch, and carried from house to house by some children, with the accompanying Hop tu Naa song; hoping for money or treats of food.<ref name="wiki1.sch.im"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.manx.net/isle-of-man-news/595/hop-tu-naa-celebrations-at-cregneash|title=Hop Tu Naa Celebrations at Cregneash – Isle of Man News {{!}} Manx.net|last=Telecom|first=Manx|website=www.manx.net|language=en|access-date=16 March 2018|archive-date=1 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001074839/https://www.manx.net/isle-of-man-news/595/hop-tu-naa-celebrations-at-cregneash|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-isle-of-man-15337057|title=The Manx festival of Hop-tu-Naa|date=24 October 2011|work=BBC News|access-date=16 March 2018|language=en-GB|archive-date=2 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171202032014/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-isle-of-man-15337057|url-status=live}}</ref> The smell of burning turnip is an evocative part of the event.

===Festivals===
A local farmers' market in the town of [[Ithaca, New York|Ithaca]], New York, organizes what it calls the [[International Rutabaga Curling Championship]] annually on the last day of the market season.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rutabagacurl.com/ |title=The International Rutabaga Curl – Ithaca Farmers Market – Ithaca NY |publisher=Rutabagacurl.com |date=17 December 2011 |access-date=15 September 2012 |archive-date=8 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180308164501/http://rutabagacurl.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The villages of [[Askov, Minnesota]], and [[Cumberland, Wisconsin]], both hold annual rutabaga festivals in August.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cumberland-wisconsin.com/pages/RutabagaFestivalParade|title=Rutabaga Festival Parade – Cumberland Chamber of Commerce, WI|website=www.cumberland-wisconsin.com|access-date=18 November 2018|archive-date=29 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191229143636/http://www.cumberland-wisconsin.com/pages/RutabagaFestivalParade|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://askovrutabagafestival.com/|title=Askov Rutabaga Festival & Fair: A Community Event -|website=Askov Rutabaga Festival & Fair: A Community Event|access-date=7 June 2019|archive-date=18 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118171829/http://askovrutabagafestival.com/|url-status=live}}</ref>