Editing Road (section)

==Global connectivity==
[[File:Hailuoto Ice Road 20130113 05 (lightened and filtered).jpg|thumb|[[Ice road]] between [[Oulunsalo]] and [[Hailuoto]] in [[North Ostrobothnia]], Finland]]
Eurasia, Africa, North America, South America, and Australia each have an extensive road network that connects most cities.
The North and South American road networks are separated by the [[Darién Gap]], the only interruption in the [[Pan-American Highway]]. Eurasia and Africa are connected by roads on the [[Sinai Peninsula]]. The [[European Peninsula]] is connected to the [[Scandinavian Peninsula]] by the [[Øresund Bridge]], and both have many connections to the mainland of Eurasia, including the bridges over the [[Bosphorus]]. [[Antarctica]] has very few roads and no continent-bridging network, though there are a few [[ice road]]s between bases, such as the [[South Pole Traverse]]. [[Bahrain]] is the only [[island country]] to be connected to a continental network by road (the [[King Fahd Causeway]] to Saudi Arabia).

Even well-connected road networks are controlled by many different legal jurisdictions, and laws such as [[Right- and left-hand traffic|which side of the road to drive on]] vary accordingly.

Many populated domestic islands are connected to the mainland by bridges. A very long example is the {{cvt|113|mi|adj=on}} [[Overseas Highway]] connecting many of the [[Florida Keys]] with the continental United States.

Even on mainlands, some [[List of cities that are inaccessible by road|settlements have no roads]] connecting with the primary continental network, due to natural obstacles like mountains or wetlands, or high cost compared to the population served. Unpaved roads or lack of roads are more common in [[developing countries]], and these can become impassible in wet conditions. As of 2014, only 43% of rural Africans have access to an all-season road.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Publications/Tracking_Africa’s_Progress_in_Figures.pdf |title=Tracking Africa's Progress in Figures |year=2014 |publisher=[[African Development Bank]] |pages=71 }}</ref> Due to steepness, mud, snow, or fords, roads can sometimes be passable only to [[four-wheel drive]] vehicles, those with [[snow chain]]s or [[snow tire]]s, or those capable of [[deep wading]] or [[Amphibious vehicle|amphibious operation]].

Most disconnected settlements have local road networks connecting ports, buildings, and other points of interest.

Where demand for travel by road vehicle to a disconnected island or mainland settlement is high, [[roll-on/roll-off]] ferries are commonly available if the journey is relatively short. For long-distance trips, passengers usually travel by air and [[car rental|rent a car]] upon arrival. If facilities are available, vehicles and cargo can also be shipped to many disconnected settlements by boat, or air transport at much greater expense. The island of [[Great Britain]] is connected to the European road network by [[Eurotunnel Shuttle]] – an example of a [[car shuttle train]] which is a service used in other parts of Europe to travel under mountains and over wetlands.

In polar areas, disconnected settlements are often more easily reached by [[snowmobile]] or [[dogsled]] in cold weather, which can produce [[sea ice]] that blocks ports, and bad weather that prevents flying. For example, resupply aircraft are only flown to [[Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station]] October to February, and many residents of coastal Alaska have bulk cargo shipped in only during the warmer months. Permanent darkness during the winter can also make long-distance travel more dangerous in polar areas. Continental road networks do reach into these areas, such as the [[Dalton Highway]] to the North Slope of Alaska, the [[R21 highway (Russia)|R21 highway]] to [[Murmansk]] in Russia, and many roads in Scandinavia (though due to [[fjord]]s water transport is sometimes faster). Large areas of Alaska, Canada, Greenland, and [[Siberia]] are sparsely connected. For example, all 25 communities of [[Nunavut]] are disconnected from each other and the main North American road network.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nunavuttourism.com/planning-your-trip/how-to-get-here |work=Nunavut Tourism |title=How to Get Here |access-date=10 January 2017 |publisher=[[Canadian Northern Economic Development Agency]]}}</ref>

Road transport of people and cargo by may also be obstructed by [[border control]]s and travel restrictions. For example, travel from other parts of Asia to South Korea would require passage through the hostile country of North Korea. Moving between most countries in Africa and Eurasia would require passing through Egypt and Israel, which is a politically sensitive area.

Some places are intentionally [[list of car-free places|car-free]], and roads (if present) might be used by bicycles or pedestrians.

Roads are under construction to many remote places, such as the villages of the [[Annapurna Circuit]], and a road was completed in 2013 to [[Mêdog County]]. However, in some remote mountain areas, road (or transport) development can be devastating to communities, causing tourism to be cut off and settlements to be abandoned.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Apollo |first=Michal |date=2024-08-27 |title=A bridge too far: the dilemma of transport development in peripheral mountain areas |url=https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JTF-04-2024-0065/full/html |journal=Journal of Tourism Futures |language=en |doi=10.1108/JTF-04-2024-0065 |issn=2055-5911|doi-access=free }}</ref> Additional [[intercontinental and transoceanic fixed links]] have been proposed, including a [[Bering Strait crossing]] that would connect Eurasia-Africa and North America, a [[Malacca Strait Bridge]] to the largest island of [[Indonesia]] from Asia, and a [[Strait of Gibraltar crossing]] to connect Europe and Africa directly.