Editing Radio-frequency identification (section)

===Human implantation===
[[File:Dr Mark Gasson has an RFID microchip implanted in his left hand by a surgeon (March 16 2009).jpg|thumb|A surgeon implants British scientist Dr [[Mark Gasson]] in his left hand with an RFID microchip (March 16, 2009).]]
[[biocompatibility|Biocompatible]] [[microchip implant (human)|microchip implants]] that use RFID technology are being routinely implanted in humans. The first-ever human to receive an RFID microchip implant was American artist [[Eduardo Kac]] in 1997.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://acervo.folha.com.br/leitor.do?numero=13700&keyword=Kac&anchor=282247&origem=busca&originURL=&pd=e5616b5794dde0ab6a687a693c931980/|first=Mario Cesar|last=Carvalho|title=Artista implanta hoje chip no corpo|date=November 11, 1997|language=Portuguese| website=Folha de S.Paulo|access-date=14 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ekac.org:80/lanacion.html/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201160159/http://www.ekac.org/lanacion.html/|archive-date=1 February 2017|title=Un hombre llamado 026109532|website=Internet Archive Wayback Machine|publisher=La Nación|language=Spanish|date=December 15, 1997|last=Esnal|first=Luis|access-date=14 June 2021}}</ref> Kac implanted the microchip live on television (and also live on the Internet) in the context of his artwork ''Time Capsule''.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7y2tbPaYqfQ| title = 1º implante de chip ao vivo - Jornal das 10 - Canal 21 - SP - 1997| website=[[YouTube]]| date = 16 January 2019}}</ref>
A year later, British professor of [[cybernetics]] [[Kevin Warwick]] had an RFID chip implanted in his arm by his [[general practitioner]], George Boulos.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://edition.cnn.com/TECH/computing/9901/14/chipman.idg/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020308225945/http://edition.cnn.com/TECH/computing/9901/14/chipman.idg/|url-status=dead|archive-date=March 8, 2002|title=CNN – Is human chip implant wave of the future? – January 14, 1999|first=Sam|last=Witt|website=CNN|access-date=14 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/professor-has-worlds-first-silicon-chip-implant-1174101.html|title=Professor has world's first silicon chip implant|date=26 August 1998|access-date=14 March 2018}}</ref> In 2004, the '[[Baja Beach Club]]' operated by [[Conrad Chase]] in [[Barcelona]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/3697940.stm|title=Technology &#124; Barcelona clubbers get chipped|work=BBC News|date=2004-09-29|access-date=2013-09-22}}</ref> and [[Rotterdam]] offered implanted chips to identify their VIP customers, who could in turn use it to pay for service. In 2009, British scientist [[Mark Gasson]] had an advanced glass capsule RFID device surgically implanted into his left hand and subsequently demonstrated how a computer virus could wirelessly infect his implant and then be transmitted on to other systems.<ref name="istas">{{Cite book| doi = 10.1109/ISTAS.2010.5514651| chapter = Human Enhancement: Could you become infected with a computer virus?| title = 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society| pages = 61–68| year = 2010| last1 = Gasson| first1 = M. N.| isbn = 978-1-4244-7777-7| s2cid = 3098538| chapter-url = http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/29329/1/GASSON_ISTAS2010.pdf}}</ref>

The [[Food and Drug Administration]] in the United States approved the use of RFID chips in humans in 2004.<ref>{{cite web|author=Greene, Thomas C.|year=2004| title=Feds approve human RFID implants|website=[[The Register]]|url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2004/10/14/human_rfid_implants/|access-date=2007-03-01}}</ref>

There is controversy regarding human applications of implantable RFID technology including concerns that individuals could potentially be tracked by carrying an identifier unique to them. Privacy advocates have protested against implantable RFID chips, warning of potential abuse. Some are concerned this could lead to abuse by an authoritarian government, to removal of freedoms,<ref>Monahan, Torin and Tyler Wall. 2007. [http://www.surveillance-and-society.org/articles4(3)/somatic.pdf Somatic Surveillance: Corporeal Control through Information Networks]. Surveillance & Society 4 (3): 154–173 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160615201126/http://www.surveillance-and-society.org/articles4(3)/somatic.pdf|date=2016-06-15}}</ref> and to the emergence of an "ultimate [[panopticon]]", a society where all citizens behave in a socially accepted manner because others might be watching.<ref name="Kietzmann">{{cite journal|journal=Communications of the ACM|year=2010|volume=53|issue=6|pages=135–138|title=Panopticon revisited|author=Kietzmann, J. |author2=Angell, I.|doi=10.1145/1743546.1743582|s2cid=10487109|url=http://beedie.sfu.ca/files/Research/Journal_Articles/Journal_Articles_2010/Panopticon_revisited.pdf|access-date=9 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140224154000/http://beedie.sfu.ca/files/Research/Journal_Articles/Journal_Articles_2010/Panopticon_revisited.pdf|archive-date=2014-02-24}}</ref>

On July 22, 2006, Reuters reported that two hackers, Newitz and Westhues, at a conference in New York City demonstrated that they could clone the RFID signal from a human implanted RFID chip, indicating that the device was not as secure as was previously claimed.<ref>{{cite web|last=Fulton|first=Nic|url=http://blogs.reuters.com/mediafile/2006/07/22/high-tech-cloning/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202020437/http://blogs.reuters.com/mediafile/2006/07/22/high-tech-cloning/|archive-date=2017-02-02|title=Reuters|publisher=Blogs.reuters.com|date= 2006-07-22|access-date=2013-09-03}}</ref>

The UFO religion [[Universe People]] is notorious online for their vocal opposition to human RFID chipping, which they claim is a [[Reptilian humanoid|saurian]] attempt to enslave the human race; one of their web domains is "dont-get-chipped".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-06-07 |title=Stop Chipping image by Universe People |url=http://www.angels-light.org/english/img_4000/obr4007.jpg |access-date=2024-08-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150607025253/http://www.angels-light.org/english/img_4000/obr4007.jpg |archive-date=2015-06-07 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-26 |title=EN - TALKS WITH TEACHINGS FROM MY COSMIC FRIENDS - space-people.org |url=http://www.universe-people.com/ |access-date=2024-08-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126212624/http://www.universe-people.com/ |archive-date=2020-11-26 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=admin |date=2024-02-09 |title=Universe People |url=https://newreligiousmovements.org/u/universe-people/ |access-date=2024-08-01 |website=New Religious Movements |language=en-US}}</ref>