Editing RNA (section)

=== Double-stranded RNA ===
[[File:Double-stranded RNA.gif|thumb|Double-stranded RNA]]{{Main articles|Double-stranded RNA}}
[[Double-stranded RNA]] (dsRNA) is RNA with two complementary strands, similar to the DNA found in all cells, but with the replacement of thymine by uracil and the adding of one oxygen atom. dsRNA forms the genetic material of some [[virus]]es ([[double-stranded RNA viruses]]). Double-stranded RNA, such as viral RNA or [[siRNA]], can trigger [[RNA interference]] in [[eukaryote]]s, as well as [[interferon]] response in [[vertebrate]]s.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Blevins T, Rajeswaran R, Shivaprasad PV, Beknazariants D, Si-Ammour A, Park HS, Vazquez F, Robertson D, Meins F, Hohn T, Pooggin MM | title = Four plant Dicers mediate viral small RNA biogenesis and DNA virus induced silencing | journal = Nucleic Acids Research | volume = 34 | issue = 21 | pages = 6233–46 | date = 2006 | pmid = 17090584 | pmc = 1669714 | doi = 10.1093/nar/gkl886 }}
</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Jana S, Chakraborty C, Nandi S, Deb JK | title = RNA interference: potential therapeutic targets | journal = Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology | volume = 65 | issue = 6 | pages = 649–57 | date = November 2004 | pmid = 15372214 | doi = 10.1007/s00253-004-1732-1 | s2cid = 20963666 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Virol |first=J |date=May 2006 |title=Double-Stranded RNA Is Produced by Positive-Strand RNA Viruses and DNA Viruses but Not in Detectable Amounts by Negative-Strand RNA Viruses |journal=Journal of Virology |volume=80 |issue=10 |pages=5059–5064 |doi=10.1128/JVI.80.10.5059-5064.2006 |pmid=16641297 |pmc=1472073 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Schultz U, Kaspers B, Staeheli P | title = The interferon system of non-mammalian vertebrates | journal = Developmental and Comparative Immunology | volume = 28 | issue = 5 | pages = 499–508 | date = May 2004 | pmid = 15062646 | doi = 10.1016/j.dci.2003.09.009 }}</ref> In eukaryotes, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) plays a role in the activation of the [[innate immune system]] against viral infections.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Whitehead KA, Dahlman JE, Langer RS, Anderson DG | title = Silencing or stimulation? siRNA delivery and the immune system | journal = Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering | volume = 2 | pages = 77–96 | year = 2011 | pmid = 22432611 | doi = 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-061010-114133 }}</ref>