Editing Punk rock (section)

===Hardcore===
{{Main|Hardcore punk}}
[[File:Bad brains 1983.jpg|thumb|upright=1.05|left|Bad Brains at 9:30 Club, Washington, D.C., 1983]]
A distinctive style of punk, characterized by superfast, aggressive beats, [[screaming (music)|screaming vocals]], and often politically aware lyrics, began to emerge in 1978 among bands scattered around the United States and Canada. The first major scene of what came to be known as hardcore punk developed in Southern California in 1978–79, initially around such punk bands as [[Germs (band)|the Germs]] and [[Fear (band)|Fear]].<ref>Blush (2001), pp. 16–17; Sabin (1999) p. 4</ref> The movement soon spread around North America and internationally.<ref name="andersen"/><ref name="hardcore"/> According to author [[Steven Blush]], "Hardcore comes from the bleak suburbs of America. Parents moved their kids out of the cities to these horrible suburbs to save them from the 'reality' of the cities and what they ended up with was this new breed of monster".<ref name="blush"/> In 1981, hardcore punk was exposed to mainstream television audiences following a live performance from Fear on ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'', which prompted a live-broadcast riot and [[Moshing|mosh pit]], which included members of the emerging hardcore scene such as [[Ian MacKaye]], [[Harley Flanagan]], [[Tesco Vee]], and [[John Brannon (musician)|John Brannon]].<ref name="callwood">{{cite web |last1=Callwood |first1=Frank |title=10 Hardcore Albums for People Who Don't Know Shit About Hardcore |url=https://www.laweekly.com/10-hardcore-albums-for-people-who-dont-know-shit-about-hardcore/ |website=[[LA Weekly]] |date=December 18, 2017 |access-date=February 23, 2023 |archive-date=February 24, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224052720/https://www.laweekly.com/10-hardcore-albums-for-people-who-dont-know-shit-about-hardcore/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="burrows">{{cite web |last1=Burrows |first1=Alex |title=Watch 80s punk brawlers Fear upset everyone on Saturday Night Live in 1981 |url=https://www.loudersound.com/features/watch-80s-punk-brawlers-fear-upset-everyone-on-saturday-night-live-in-1981 |website=[[LouderSound]] |date=February 10, 2021 |access-date=February 23, 2023 |archive-date=February 24, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224053531/https://www.loudersound.com/features/watch-80s-punk-brawlers-fear-upset-everyone-on-saturday-night-live-in-1981 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Among the earliest hardcore bands, regarded as having made the first recordings in the style, were Southern California's [[Middle Class (band)|Middle Class]] and [[Black Flag (band)|Black Flag]].<ref name="hardcore">Blush (2001), p. 17</ref> [[Bad Brains]] — all of whom were black, a rarity in punk of any era – launched the [[Washington, D.C. hardcore|D.C. scene]] with their rapid-paced single "[[Pay to Cum]]" in 1980.<ref name="andersen">Andersen and Jenkins (2001). {{page needed|date=March 2021}}</ref> Austin, Texas's [[Big Boys (band)|Big Boys]], San Francisco's [[Dead Kennedys]], and Vancouver's [[D.O.A. (band)|D.O.A.]] were among the other initial hardcore groups.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} They were soon joined by bands such as the [[Minutemen (band)|Minutemen]], [[Descendents (band)|Descendents]], and [[Circle Jerks]] in Southern California; D.C.'s [[Minor Threat]] and [[State of Alert]]; and Austin's [[MDC (band)|MDC]]. By 1981, hardcore was the dominant punk rock style not only in California but much of the rest of North America as well.<ref>Blush (2001), pp. 12–21.</ref> A [[New York hardcore]] scene grew, including the relocated Bad Brains, New Jersey's [[Misfits (band)|Misfits]] and [[Adrenalin O.D.]], and local acts such as [[The Mob (American hardcore band)|the Mob]], [[Reagan Youth]], and [[Agnostic Front]]. [[Beastie Boys]], who would become famous as a hip-hop group, debuted that year as a hardcore band. They were followed by [[the Cro-Mags]], [[Murphy's Law (band)|Murphy's Law]], and [[Leeway (band)|Leeway]].<ref>Andersen and Jenkins (2001), p. 89; Blush (2001), p. 173; {{cite web|author=Diamond, Mike|title=Beastie Boys Biography|publisher=Sing365.com|url=http://www.sing365.com/music/lyric.nsf/Beastie-Boys-Biography/0B982363068317484825682C0009A5AE|access-date=2008-01-04|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060504005325/http://www.sing365.com/music/lyric.nsf/Beastie-Boys-Biography/0B982363068317484825682C0009A5AE|archive-date=May 4, 2006}}</ref> By 1983, [[Minneapolis hardcore|St. Paul]]'s [[Hüsker Dü]], Willful Neglect, Chicago's [[Naked Raygun]], Indianapolis's [[Zero Boys]], and D.C.'s [[The Faith (American band)|the Faith]] were taking the hardcore sound in experimental and ultimately more melodic directions.<ref name='guardian'>{{cite web | url = https://www.theguardian.com/music/2011/oct/27/faith-void-dischord-washington-hardcore-punk | title = The Faith and Void: the glorious Dischord of 1980s harDCore punk | access-date = August 16, 2012 | last = Finn | first = Craig | date = October 27, 2011 | work = [[The Guardian]] | archive-date = October 6, 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161006064138/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2011/oct/27/faith-void-dischord-washington-hardcore-punk | url-status = live }}</ref> Hardcore would constitute the American punk rock standard throughout the decade.<ref>Leblanc (1999), p. 59.</ref> The lyrical content of hardcore songs is often critical of commercial culture and middle-class values, as in Dead Kennedys' celebrated "[[Holiday in Cambodia]]" (1980).<ref name="vandorston">Van Dorston, A.S., [https://web.archive.org/web/20000510062822/http://www.fastnbulbous.com/punk.htm "A History of Punk"], fastnbulbous.com, January 1990. Retrieved on December 30, 2006.</ref>

[[Straight edge]] bands like Minor Threat, [[Boston hardcore|Boston]]'s [[SS Decontrol]], and Reno, Nevada's [[7 Seconds (band)|7 Seconds]] rejected the self-destructive lifestyles of their peers, and built a movement based on positivity and abstinence from cigarettes, alcohol, drugs, and casual sex.<ref>Haenfler (2006) {{page needed|date=March 2021}}</ref>

Skate punk innovators pointed in other directions: including Venice, California's [[Suicidal Tendencies]] who had a formative effect on the [[heavy metal music|heavy metal]]–influenced [[crossover thrash]] style. Toward the middle of the decade, [[Dirty Rotten Imbeciles|D.R.I]] spawned the superfast [[thrashcore]] genre.<ref>Weinstein (2000), p. 49.</ref>