Editing Porcelain (section)

=====England=====
The first soft-paste in England was demonstrated by Thomas Briand to the [[Royal Society]] in 1742 and is believed to have been based on the Saint-Cloud formula. In 1749, Thomas Frye took out a [[patent]] on a porcelain containing bone ash. This was the first [[bone china]], subsequently perfected by [[Josiah Spode]].  [[William Cookworthy]] discovered deposits of kaolin in [[Cornwall]], and his [[Plymouth Porcelain|factory at Plymouth]], established in 1768, used kaolin and [[china stone]] to make hard-paste porcelain with a body composition similar to that of the Chinese porcelains of the early 18th century. But the great success of English ceramics in the 18th century was based on soft-paste porcelain, and refined earthenwares such as [[creamware]], which could compete with porcelain, and had devastated the [[faience]] industries of France and other continental countries by the end of the century.  Most English porcelain from the late 18th century to the present is bone china.

In the twenty-five years after Briand's demonstration, a number of factories were founded in England to make soft-paste tableware and figures:
* [[Chelsea porcelain factory|Chelsea]] (1743)<ref>'Science Of Early English Porcelain.' I.C. Freestone. ''Sixth Conference and Exhibition of the European Ceramic Society''. Vol.1 Brighton, 20–24 June 1999, p.11-17</ref><ref>'The Sites Of The Chelsea Porcelain Factory.' E.Adams. ''Ceramics'' (1), 55, 1986.</ref>
* [[Bow porcelain factory|Bow]] (1745)<ref>{{cite web|title=Bow|url=http://www.museumoflondon.org.uk/ceramics/pages/subcategory.asp?subcat_id=725|publisher=Museum of London|access-date=31 October 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111203191921/http://www.museumoflondon.org.uk/ceramics/pages/subcategory.asp?subcat_id=725|archive-date=3 December 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Bow porcelain bowl, painted by Thomas Craft|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_I-62|publisher=British Museum|access-date=31 October 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204072816/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_mla/b/bow_porcelain_bowl,_painted_by.aspx|archive-date=4 February 2012}}</ref><ref name="british-history.ac.uk">{{cite web|title=Bow porcelain|url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=22166|work=British History Online|publisher=University of London & History of Parliament Trust|access-date=31 October 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111203183828/http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=22166|archive-date=3 December 2011}}</ref>
* St James's (1748)<ref name="british-history.ac.uk" /><ref>{{cite web|title=St James's (Charles Gouyn)|url=http://www.museumoflondon.org.uk/ceramics/pages/subcategory.asp?subcat_id=727&subcat_name=St+James%27s+%28Charles+Gouyn%29|publisher=Museum of London|access-date=31 October 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111203202942/http://www.museumoflondon.org.uk/ceramics/pages/subcategory.asp?subcat_id=727&subcat_name=St+James%27s+%28Charles+Gouyn%29|archive-date=3 December 2011}}</ref>
* [[Bristol porcelain]] (1748)
* [[Longton Hall]] (1750)<ref>Ceramic Figureheads. Pt. 3. William Littler And The Origins Of Porcelain In Staffordshire. ''Cookson Mon. Bull. Ceram. Ind.'' (550), 1986.</ref>
* [[Royal Crown Derby]] (1750 or 1757)<ref>{{cite web|title=The History of Royal Crown Derby |url=http://www.royalcrownderby.co.uk/history|publisher=Royal Crown Derby|access-date=17 December 2020}}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120206195707/http://www.thepotteries.org/features/royal_crown_derby1956.htm History of Royal Crown Derby Co Ltd, from "British Potters and Potteries Today", publ 1956]</ref>
* [[Royal Worcester]] (1751)
* [[Lowestoft porcelain]] (1757)<ref>'The Lowestoft Porcelain Factory, and the Chinese Porcelain Made for the European Market during the Eighteenth Century.' L. Solon. ''The Burlington Magazine''. No. 6. Vol.II. August 1906.</ref>
* [[Wedgwood]] (1759)
* [[Spode]] (1767)