Editing Philosophy of mathematics (section)

====Psychologism====
{{Main|Psychologism}}
{{See also|Anti-psychologism}}

[[Psychologism]] in the philosophy of mathematics is the position that [[mathematical]] [[concept]]s and/or truths are grounded in, derived from or explained by psychological facts (or laws).

[[John Stuart Mill]] seems to have been an advocate of a type of logical psychologism, as were many 19th-century German logicians such as [[Christoph von Sigwart|Sigwart]] and [[Johann Eduard Erdmann|Erdmann]] as well as a number of [[psychologists]], past and present: for example, [[Gustave Le Bon]]. Psychologism was famously criticized by [[Gottlob Frege|Frege]] in his ''[[The Foundations of Arithmetic]]'', and many of his works and essays, including his review of [[Husserl]]'s ''[[Philosophy of Arithmetic]]''. Edmund Husserl, in the first volume of his ''[[Logical Investigations (Husserl)|Logical Investigations]]'', called "The Prolegomena of Pure Logic", criticized psychologism thoroughly and sought to distance himself from it. The "Prolegomena" is considered{{By whom|date=April 2025}} a more concise, fair, and thorough refutation of psychologism than the criticisms made by Frege, and also it is considered today by many{{By whom|date=April 2025}} as being a memorable refutation for its decisive blow to psychologism. Psychologism was also criticized by [[Charles Sanders Peirce]] and [[Maurice Merleau-Ponty]].