Editing Phase-shift keying (section)

==Applications==
Owing to PSK's simplicity, particularly when compared with its competitor [[quadrature amplitude modulation]], it is widely used in existing technologies.

The [[wireless LAN]] standard, [[IEEE 802.11b-1999]],<ref name="ref80211">[https://web.archive.org/web/20030315042321/http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/download/802.11-1999.pdf IEEE Std 802.11-1999: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications]{{snd}} the overarching IEEE 802.11 specification. </ref><ref name="80211b">[https://web.archive.org/web/20030408093525/http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/download/802.11b-1999.pdf IEEE Std 802.11b-1999 (R2003)]{{snd}} the IEEE 802.11b specification.</ref> uses a variety of different PSKs depending on the data rate required. At the basic rate of 1{{nbsp}}[[Mbit]]/s, it uses DBPSK (differential BPSK). To provide the extended rate of 2{{nbsp}}Mbit/s, DQPSK is used. In reaching 5.5{{nbsp}}Mbit/s and the full rate of 11{{nbsp}}Mbit/s, QPSK is employed, but has to be coupled with [[complementary code keying]]. The higher-speed wireless LAN standard, [[IEEE 802.11g-2003]],<ref name="ref80211" /><ref name="80211g">[https://web.archive.org/web/20040723180522/http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/download/802.11g-2003.pdf IEEE Std 802.11g-2003]{{snd}} the IEEE 802.11g specification.</ref> has eight data rates: 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48 and 54{{nbsp}}Mbit/s. The 6 and 9{{nbsp}}Mbit/s modes use [[OFDM]] modulation where each sub-carrier is BPSK modulated. The 12 and 18{{nbsp}}Mbit/s modes use OFDM with QPSK. The fastest four modes use OFDM with forms of [[quadrature amplitude modulation]].

Because of its simplicity, BPSK is appropriate for low-cost passive transmitters, and is used in [[RFID]] standards such as [[ISO/IEC 14443]] which has been adopted for [[biometric passport]]s, credit cards such as [[American Express]]'s [[ExpressPay]], and many other applications.<ref>{{cite web |title=Understanding the Requirements of ISO/IEC 14443 for Type B Proximity Contactless Identification Cards |date=2005 |work=Application Note |id=Rev. 2056B–RFID–11/05 |publisher=ATMEL |url=http://www.atmel.com/dyn/resources/prod_documents/doc2056.pdf }}</ref>

[[Bluetooth]] 2 uses <math>\pi/4</math>-DQPSK at its lower rate (2{{nbsp}}Mbit/s) and 8-DPSK at its higher rate (3{{nbsp}}Mbit/s) when the link between the two devices is sufficiently robust. Bluetooth 1 modulates with [[Minimum-shift keying|Gaussian minimum-shift keying]], a binary scheme, so either modulation choice in version 2 will yield a higher data rate. A similar technology, [[IEEE 802.15.4]] (the wireless standard used by [[Zigbee]]) also relies on PSK using two frequency bands: 868&nbsp;MHz and 915{{nbsp}}[[MHz]] with BPSK and at 2.4{{nbsp}}[[GHz]] with OQPSK.

Both QPSK and 8PSK are widely used in satellite broadcasting. QPSK is still widely used in the streaming of SD satellite channels and some HD channels. High definition programming is delivered almost exclusively in 8PSK due to the higher bitrates of HD video and the high cost of satellite bandwidth.<ref>{{cite web |date=2014 |title=How Communications Satellites Work |url=http://planetfox.net/microwaves/howitworks.html |website=Planet Fox}}</ref> The [[DVB-S2]] standard requires support for both QPSK and 8PSK. The chipsets used in new satellite set top boxes, such as [[Broadcom]]'s 7000 series support 8PSK and are backward compatible with the older standard.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Low-Cost Satellite Set-top Box SoC — BCM7325 |publisher=Broadcom |url=http://www.broadcom.com/products/set-top-box-and-media-processors/satellite/bcm7325 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915234053/http://www.broadcom.com/products/set-top-box-and-media-processors/satellite/bcm7325 |archive-date=September 15, 2015 |access-date=September 8, 2015}}</ref>

Historically, voice-band synchronous [[modems]] such as the Bell 201, 208, and 209 and the CCITT V.26, V.27, V.29, V.32, and V.34 used PSK.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Local and Remote Modems |url=http://www.blackbox.com/resource/files/productdetails/19558.PDF |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222112409/http://www.blackbox.com/resource/files/productdetails/19558.PDF |archive-date=December 22, 2015 |access-date=December 20, 2015 |website=Black Box |publisher=Black Box Network Services}}</ref>