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==References== {{refbegin|2}} * {{cite journal |author=L. N. Gumilev |title=New data on the history of the Khazars |journal=Acta Archaeologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae |volume=19 |url=http://real-j.mtak.hu/188/1/ACTAARCHEOLOGICA_19.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181102224342/http://real-j.mtak.hu/188/1/ACTAARCHEOLOGICA_19.pdf |archive-date=2 November 2018 |url-status=live |year=1967 |publisher=Magyar Tudományos Akadémia |page=86 |ref={{sfnref|Acta Archaeologica|1967|86}}}} * {{cite book|first1=Mladen|last1=Ančić|first2=Jonathan|last2=Shepard|first3=Trpimir|last3=Vedriš|url={{Google books|F2E1DwAAQBAJ|plainurl=yes}}|title=Imperial Spheres and the Adriatic: Byzantium, the Carolingians and the Treaty of Aachen (812)|date=2017|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1351614290|via=Google Books}} * {{cite journal|last=Bálint|first=Csanád|title=Some problems in genetic research on Hungarian ethnogenesis |date=2010 |journal=Acta Archaeologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae|volume=61|issue=1|pages=283–294|doi=10.1556/aarch.61.2010.1.9|url=https://akjournals.com/view/journals/072/61/1/article-p283.xml}} * {{Cite book|last=Barford|first=Paul M.|title=The Early Slavs: Culture and Society in Early Medieval Eastern Europe|year=2001|location=Ithaca|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=0801439779|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1Z9ItAtbJ5AC}} * {{Cite book|last=Barker|first=John W.|year=1966|title=Justinian and the Later Roman Empire|location=Madison|publisher=University of Wisconsin Press|isbn=978-0299039448|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LiJljEXvwAoC}} * {{cite book |last=Beckwith |first= Christopher I. |author-link=Christopher I. 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The history of irrigation of Khorezm from ancient times to the present day|publisher=Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR|year=1957}} * {{cite journal|title=The letter sent by the Turk Khagan to the Emperor Mauricius|last=Harmatta|first=Janos|journal = Acta Archaeologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae|year=2001|volume=41|pages=109–118|doi= 10.1556/AAnt.41.2001.1-2.11|url= http://real.mtak.hu/47162/1/aant.41.2001.1-2.11.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116202221/http://real.mtak.hu/47162/1/aant.41.2001.1-2.11.pdf |archive-date=16 November 2021 |url-status=live}} * {{cite book |last=Havlík |first=Lubomír E. |editor-last=Champion |editor-first=T. C. | title=Centre and Periphery: Comparative Studies in Archaeology |publisher=Routledge |year=2004 |pages=227–237 |chapter=Great Moravia between the Franconians, Byzantium and Rome |isbn=0-415-12253-8}} * {{cite book|last=Helimski|first=Eugene|title=Folia Orientalia 36 (Festschrift for St. Stachowski)|year=2000a|pages=135–148|author-link=Eugene Helimski|language=ru|chapter=Язык(и) аваров: тунгусо-маньчжурский аспект}} * {{cite journal|last=Helimski|first=Eugene|title=On probable Tungus-Manchurian origin of the Buyla inscription from Nagy-Szentmiklós (preliminary communication)|journal=Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia|year=2000b|issue=5|pages=43–56}} * {{Cite journal|last1=Helimski|first1=E|year=2004|title=Die Sprache(n) der Awaren: Die mandschu-tungusische Alternative|journal=Proceedings of the First International Conference on Manchu-Tungus Studies, Vol. II|pages=59–72}} * {{cite book|title=Regna and Gentes: The Relationship Between Late Antique and Early Medieval Peoples and Kingdoms in the Transformation of the Roman World|last1 = Jarnut|first1=Jorg|last2=Pohl|first2=Walter|year=2003|publisher=Brill|isbn=90-04-12524-8}} * {{cite book|last=Kardaras|first=Geōrgios|title=Byzantium and the Avars, 6th–9th Century AD: Political, Diplomatic and Cultural Relations|date=2019|publisher=Brill|isbn=9789004248380|url={{Google books|gwpwuQEACAAJ|plainurl=yes}}|page=94}} * {{cite journal |last1=Keyser |first1=Christine |last2=Zvénigorosky |first2=Vincent|date=30 July 2020 |title=Genetic evidence suggests a sense of family, parity and conquest in the Xiongnu Iron Age nomads of Mongolia |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00439-020-02209-4 |access-date=29 September 2020 |journal=[[Human Genetics (journal)|Human Genetics]] |publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]] |volume=557 |issue=7705 |pages=369–373 |doi=10.1007/s00439-020-02209-4 |pmid=32734383 |s2cid= 220881540}} * {{cite book|last=Kiley|first=Kevin F.|author-link=Kevin F. Kiley|title=An Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Uniforms of the Roman World|year=2012|publisher=Lorenz Books}} * {{cite book |last=Kristó |first=Gyula |year=1996 |title=Hungarian History in the Ninth Century |publisher=Szegedi Középkorász Műhely |isbn=1-4039-6929-9 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofslovaki00kirs}} * {{cite journal |last1=Kubik |first1=Adam |title=The Kizil Caves as an terminus post quem of the Central and Western Asiatic pear-shape spangenhelm type helmets The David Collection helmet and its place in the evolution of multisegmented dome helmets, Historia i Świat nr 7/2018, 141–156. |page=151 |url=https://www.academia.edu/36969235 |language=en|journal=Histïria I Swiat|date=2008|volume=7}} * {{cite web|url=http://bitig.org/?lang=e&mod=1&tid=1&oid=15&m=1|title=The Kultegin Inscription (1–40 lines)|publisher=Language Committee of Ministry of Culture and Information of RK|access-date=29 August 2022|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180624010508/http://bitig.org/?lang=e&mod=1&tid=1&oid=15&m=1|ref={{sfnref|Kultegin Inscription}}}} * {{cite book |last1=Kyzlasov |first1=L. R. |chapter=Northern Nomads |editor1-last=Litvinsky |editor1-first=B. A. |date= 1996 |title=History of Civilizations of Central Asia: The crossroads of civilizations, A.D. 250 to 750 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=883OZBe2sMYC |publisher=[[UNESCO]] |pages=315–325 |isbn=978-9231032110 |access-date=29 May 2015}} * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZbAG8vmUXdw – YouTube] Documentary with Gyula László in Hungarian, on state television channel Duna. * {{cite book|last=László|first=Gyula|title=A "kettős honfoglalás|publisher=[[Magvető|Magvető Könyvkiadó]]|year=1978}} * {{cite journal|last=Gyula |first=László |url=http://www.tankonyvtar.hu/hu/tartalom/historia/82-01/ch01.html|title=História 1982-01|journal=História|publisher=Digitális Tankönyvtár|year=1982|language=hu|access-date=29 August 2022|url-status=dead|archive-date=1 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170401105126/http://www.tankonyvtar.hu/hu/bongeszes/folyoiratok/historia}} * {{cite journal|last=Lipták|first=Pál|title=Recherches anthropologiques sur les ossements avares des environs d'Üllö|year=1955|language=fr|journal= Acta Archaeologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae|volume=6|pages=231–314|url=http://opac.regesta-imperii.de/id/772686}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.rmki.kfki.hu/~lukacs/AVARS.htm|last=Lukács|first=B.|title=For the Memory of the Avar Khagans|publisher=Hungarian Academy of Sciences}} * {{Cite book|editor-last=Luthar|editor-first=Oto|title=The Land Between: A History of Slovenia|year=2008|location=Frankfurt am Main|publisher=Peter Lang|isbn=978-3631570111|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G9tDboBJ70EC}} * {{cite book|title=The World of the Huns: Studies in Their History and Culture|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_CrUdgzSICxcC|last=Maenchen-Helfen|first=Otto|publisher=University California Press|year=1976|isbn=978-0520015968}} * {{cite book|editor-last1=Makkai|editor-first1=László|editor-last2=Mócsy|editor-first2=András|title=History of Transylvania|volume=1|chapter=II.4: The Period of Avar 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Press|year=1984|orig-year=500s|url=https://archive.org/details/maurices-strategikon.-handbook-of-byzantine-military-strategy-by-maurice-dennis-/page/n1/mode/2up|access-date=29 August 2022}} * {{Cite book|editor-last=Moravcsik|editor-first=Gyula|editor-link=Gyula Moravcsik|title=Constantine Porphyrogenitus: De Administrando Imperio|year=1967|orig-year=1949|edition=2nd revised|location=Washington D.C.|publisher=Dumbarton Oaks Center for Byzantine Studies|isbn=978-0884020219|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3al15wpFWiMC}} * {{cite report|last=Muratov|first=B.A.|script-title=ru:Аланы, кавары и хиониты в этногенезе башкир|trans-title=Alans, Kavars and Chionites in the ethnogenesis of the Bashkirs|date=27 June 2008|publisher=Ural-Altai: through the centuries into the future: Proceedings of the All-Russian Scientific Conference}} * {{cite thesis|last=Neparáczki|first=Endre Dávid|title=A honfoglalók genetikai származásának és rokonsági viszonyainak vizsgálata archeogenetikai módszerekkel|trans-title=Archeogenetic analysis of the origin and genetic relations of the Hungarian conquerors|type=Doctoral thesis|doi=10.14232/phd.3794|year=2017|language=hu|url=https://doktori.bibl.u-szeged.hu/id/eprint/3794|pages=61–65|doi-access=free}} * {{cite journal|last1=Neparáczki|first1=Endre|last2=Juhász|first2=Zoltán|last3=Pamjav|first3=Horolma|last4=Fehér|first4=Tibor|last5=Csányi|first5=Bernadett|last6=Zink|first6=Albert|last7=Maixner|first7=Frank|last8=Pálfi|first8=György|last9=Molnár|first9=Erika|last10=Pap|first10=Ildikó|last11=Kustár|first11=Ágnes|date=February 2017|title=Genetic structure of the early Hungarian conquerors inferred from mtDNA haplotypes and Y-chromosome haplogroups in a small cemetery|journal=Molecular Genetics and Genomics|volume=292|issue=1|pages=201–214|doi=10.1007/s00438-016-1267-z|pmid=27803981|last13=Raskó|first13=István|last14=Török|first14=Tibor|first12=László|last12=Révész|s2cid=4099313|ref={{sfnref|Neparáczki|et al.|2017|pp=201-214}}}} * {{cite journal | last1=Neparáczki | first1=Endre | last2=Maróti | first2=Zoltán | last3=Kalmár | first3=Tibor | last4=Kocsy | first4=Klaudia | last5=Maár | first5=Kitti | last6=Bihari | first6=Péter | last7=Nagy | first7=István | last8=Fóthi | first8=Erzsébet | last9=Pap | first9=Ildikó | last10=Kustár | first10=Ágnes | last11=Pálfi | first11=György | last12=Raskó | first12=István | last13=Zink | first13=Albert | last14=Török | first14=Tibor | editor-last=Caramelli | editor-first=David | title=Mitogenomic data indicate admixture components of Central-Inner Asian and Srubnaya origin in the conquering Hungarians | journal=PLOS ONE | publisher=Public Library of Science (PLoS) | volume=13 | issue=10 | date=18 October 2018 | issn=1932-6203 | doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0205920 | page=e0205920| pmid=30335830 | pmc=6193700 | bibcode=2018PLoSO..1305920N |biorxiv=10.1101/250688 |s2cid=90886641 |doi-access=free|ref={{sfnref|Neparáczki|et al.|2018|p=e0205920}}}} * {{cite journal |last1=Neparáczki |first1=Endre |last2=Maróti |first2=Zoltán|date=12 November 2019 |title=Y-chromosome haplogroups from Hun, Avar and conquering Hungarian period nomadic people of the Carpathian Basin |journal=[[Scientific Reports]] |publisher=[[Nature Research]] |volume=9 |issue=16569 |page= 16569|bibcode= 2019NatSR...916569N|doi=10.1038/s41598-019-53105-5 |pmc=6851379 |pmid=31719606}} * {{cite journal|last=Olajos|first=Teréz|title=Az avar továbbélés kérdésérõl|journal=Tiszatáj|pages=50–56|year=2001|url=https://www.academia.edu/44520614}} * {{cite book|last=Oshanin|first=L.V.|title=Anthropological Composition of the Population of Central Asia, and the Ethnogenesis of its Peoples: II|series=Russian Translation Series of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology|chapter=Penetration of the Territory of Kirghizia and Kazakhstan by the Europeoid Iranian-speaking People from Sogdiana|publisher=Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University|volume=2|number=2|year=1964|editor-last=Field|editor-first=Henry|translator-last=Maurin|translator-first=Vladimir M.|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.3248/mode/2up}} * {{Cite book|editor-last=Pertz|editor-first=Georg Heinrich|editor-link=Georg Heinrich Pertz|title=Einhardi Annales|year=1845|location=Hanover|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yBhKAAAAcAAJ}} * {{cite book|last=Pohl|first=Walter|title=Die Awaren: Ein Steppenvolk im Mitteleuropa, 567–822 n. Chr|edition=|language=de|publisher=C.H. Bech|year=1988|isbn=978-3406333309}} *{{cite book|last=Pohl|first=Walter|year=1998|title=Debating the Middle Ages: Issues and Readings|chapter=Conceptions of Ethnicity in Early Medieval Studies|editor1-last=Little|editor1-first=Lester K.|editor2-last=Rosenwein|editor2-first=Barbara H.|pages=13–24|publisher=Wiley |chapter-url=http://www.kroraina.com/bulgar/pohl_etnicity.html|author-link=Walter Pohl|isbn=978-1577180081|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/debatingmiddleag0000uns}} * {{cite book|last=Pohl|first=Walter|title=Die Awaren: ein Steppenvolk im Mitteleuropa, 567–822 n. Chr|language=de|edition=2nd|publisher=C.H. 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New ancient genomes confirm the Asian origin of European Huns, Avars and Magyars and huge within-group variability that is linked with social structure.|doi-access=free |bibcode=2022CBio...32.R738S }} * {{cite book|last=Schutz|first=Herbert |author-link=Herbert Schutz|title=The Carolingians in Central Europe, Their History, Arts, and Architecture: A Cultural History of Central Europe, 750–900|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8ZJONlzdyPsC&pg=PA61|year=2004|publisher=Brill|isbn=90-04-13149-3|pages=61–}} * {{Cite journal|last1=Silić|first1=Ana |last2=Heršak |first2=Emil|date=30 September 2002|title=The Avars: A Review of Their Ethnogenesis and History|url=https://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=158267|journal=Migracijske I Etničke Teme|language=hr|volume=18|issue=2–3|pages=197–224|issn=1333-2546}} * {{cite book|last=Sinor|first=Denis|title=The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia|chapter=The Avars|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ST6TRNuWmHsC&pg=PA206|year=1990|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-24304-9|pages=206–}} * {{Cite book|editor-last=Scholz|editor-first=Bernhard Walter|title=Carolingian Chronicles: Royal Frankish Annals and Nithard's Histories|year=1970|publisher=University of Michigan Press|isbn=0472061860|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sTzl6wFjehMC}} * {{Cite book|title=Encyclopedia of the World's Minorities|publisher=Routledge|year=2005|isbn=1-57958-468-3|editor-last=Skutsch|editor-first=Carl|location=New York|page=158}} * {{cite journal |first=Vladimir |last=Sokol |date=2008 |title=Arheološka istraživanja u Lici' i 'Arheologija peći i krša' Gospić, 16–19. listopada 2007|trans-title=An early Croatian spur from Brušani in Lika: Some early historical aspects of the Lika region – the 'banat' problem |url=https://www.academia.edu/20425862 |journal=Izdanja Hrvatskog arheološkog društva |volume=23 |location=Zagreb-Gospić |pages=185–187}} * {{cite book |chapter=The Avars |first=Samuel |last=Szadeczky-Kardoss |editor-first=Denis |editor-last=Sinor |year=1990 |title=The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia |volume=1 |publisher=Cambridge University Press}} p. 221 * {{cite web|last=Tezcan|first=Mehmet|title=The Ethnonym ''Apar'' in the Turkish Inscriptions of the VIII. Century and Armenian Manuscripts |date=24 July 2004|publisher=Ērān ud Anērān Webfestschrift Marshak|url=http://www.transoxiana.org/Eran/Articles/Tezcan_Apar.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050310023756/http://www.transoxiana.org/Eran/Articles/Tezcan_Apar.pdf |archive-date=10 March 2005 |url-status=live}} * {{cite book |last1=Waldman |first1=Carl |last2=Mason |first2=Catherine |title=Encyclopedia of European Peoples |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kfv6HKXErqAC |access-date=5 May 2013 |year=2006 |publisher=[[Infobase Publishing]] |isbn=978-1-4381-2918-1 |pages=46–49}} * {{cite book|title=The History of Theophylact Simocatta: An English Translation with Introduction and Notes|last1=Whitby|first1=Michael|last2=Whitby|first2=Mary|year= 1986|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-822799-1}} * {{cite book|last=Živković|first=Tibor|author-link=Tibor Živković|title=De conversione Croatorum et Serborum: A Lost Source|year=2012|location=Belgrade|publisher=The Institute of History|url=https://www.academia.edu/1231887|pages=51, 117–118}} {{refend}}
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