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==Transportation== [[File:Nizhny Novgorod Metro. Avtozavodskaya Station.jpg|thumb|[[Avtozavodskaya (Nizhny Novgorod Metro)|Avtozavodskaya]] metro station]] ===Local public transportation=== Public transportation within the city is provided by a [[Trams in Nizhny Novgorod|trams]], ''[[marshrutka]]s'' (routed taxis), buses, and [[trolleybus]]es. Electric and diesel commuter trains run to suburbs in several directions. ====Metro==== [[Nizhny Novgorod Metro]] underground rapid transit system was opened in 1985; it now has two lines with 15 stations, connecting with [[Nizhny Novgorod railway station|railway terminal]], and carrying 102,000 passengers daily.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Technical and operational parameters of subways in 2015 |url=http://asmetro.ru/upload/docs/2016/2015.pdf |publisher=The International Association "Metro" |access-date=August 30, 2016 |archive-date=February 2, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202004945/http://asmetro.ru/upload/docs/2016/2015.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> ====S-Train==== [[Nizhny Novgorod Urban Electric Train|Nizhny Novgorod City Rail]] is a network of railway transport ([[S-train|S-Train]]) in the city. Together with the [[Nizhny Novgorod Metro|metro]] it forms a system of high-speed rail transport of the city. It has two lines: ''Sormovskaya'' and ''Priokskaya''. It was founded on 24 June 2013, on the basis of the [[Gorky Railway]], as an addition to the metro. ===Railway=== [[File:NN Emperor's Pavilion on Moscow Station 08-2016.jpg|thumb|Emperor's Pavilion on [[Nizhny Novgorod railway station|Moskovsky railway terminal]].]] The [[Gorky Railway]], a [[Russian Railways]] department which operates some {{cvt|5700|km}} of rail lines throughout the Middle Volga region and {{cvt|1200|km}} in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, is headquartered in Nizhny Novgorod. Since 1862, there has been a railway connection between Nizhny Novgorod and Moscow.<ref>{{Cite web |title= Железнодорожный вокзал Московский г. Нижний Новгород |trans-title= Railway station Moskovsky, Nizhny Novgorod |language= ru |url= http://www.nnov-airport.ru/rus/nizhniy_novgorod_wokzal.html |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120620194250/http://www.nnov-airport.ru/rus/nizhniy_novgorod_wokzal.html |archive-date=June 20, 2012 |access-date=June 23, 2012 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> Overnight trains provide access to Nizhny Novgorod from [[Moscow]], [[Saint Petersburg]], [[Kazan]], [[Yaroslavl]] and others. А fast [[train]] transports passengers between Nizhny Novgorod and Moscow in less than four hours. Passengers can continue from Nizhny Novgorod eastward along the [[Trans-Siberian Railway]], with direct trains to major cities in the [[Urals]] and [[Siberia]], as well as to [[Beijing]], [[Pyongyang]] and [[Ulaanbaatar]]. The first [[high-speed rail]] [[Sapsan|''Sapsan'' train]] to [[Moscow]] ([[Kursky Rail Terminal]]) and [[Saint Petersburg]] ([[Moskovsky railway station (Saint Petersburg)|Moskovsky Rail Terminal]]) was launched on 30 July 2010.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Russian Railways Sapsan to Nizhny Novgorod press release |url=http://press.rzd.ru/isvp/public/press?STRUCTURE_ID=654&layer_id=4069&refererVpId=1&refererPageId=704&refererLayerId=4065&id=74920 |access-date=June 24, 2010 |archive-date=June 24, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100624021505/http://press.rzd.ru/isvp/public/press?STRUCTURE_ID=654&layer_id=4069&refererVpId=1&refererPageId=704&refererLayerId=4065&id=74920 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The route has been run using [[Strizh (train)|''Strizh'' trains]] since 2015. Suburban [[commuter train]]s (''[[elektrichka]]'') connect Nizhny Novgorod with [[Vladimir, Russia|Vladimir]], [[Dzerzhinsk, Russia|Dzerzhinsk]], [[Murom]], [[Kirov, Kirov Oblast|Kirov]], [[Arzamas]], [[Zavolzhye, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast|Zavolzhye]], [[Balakhna, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast|Balakhna]], and others. [[File:NN Volga Terminal 08-2016.jpg|thumb|River terminal]] ===Waterways=== Nizhny Novgorod is an important centre of [[Volga]] cargo and passenger shipping. During summer, cruise vessels operate between Nizhny Novgorod, [[Moscow]], [[Saint Petersburg]], and [[Astrakhan]]. In 2006 a small number of Meteor-class [[hydrofoils]] resumed operations on the Volga river. In August 2019, river navigation within the region was resumed. The hydrofoil Valdai began to sail along the routes Nizhny Novgorod – Gorodets and Nizhny Novgorod – Makaryevo. ===Highway=== The city is served by the [[M7 highway (Russia)|Russian highway M-7]] ([[Moscow]] – Nizhny Novgorod – [[Kazan]] – [[Ufa]]), and is a hub of the regional highway network. Also through the city passes the federal highway P158 (Nizhny Novgorod – [[Saransk]] – [[Penza]] – [[Saratov]]). ===Intercity buses=== The system of Nizhny Novgorod's bus terminals underwent significant changes in 2015, as the old main intercity bus terminal in Lyadov Square (just south of the city centre) closed, and a new bus terminal opened in Scherbinki, a few miles to the south.<ref>[http://nn.mk.ru/articles/2015/01/29/v-svyazi-s-zakrytiem-avtovokzala-na-lyadova-menyaetsya-raspisanie-prigorodnykh-avtobusov.html В связи с закрытием автовокзала на Лядова меняется расписание пригородных автобусов] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118050427/http://nn.mk.ru/articles/2015/01/29/v-svyazi-s-zakrytiem-avtovokzala-na-lyadova-menyaetsya-raspisanie-prigorodnykh-avtobusov.html |date=November 18, 2015 }} (Due to the closing of the Lyadov Sq bus terminal, schedule of commuter buses changes), 2015-01-29</ref><ref>[http://www.kp.ru/daily/26447.5/3317664/ Полный список автобусов, которые будут отправляться с новой автостанции «Щербинки»: Новый вокзал откроется 25 октября] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160102093008/http://www.kp.ru/daily/26447.5/3317664/ |date=January 2, 2016 }} (Full list of bus routes which will depart from the new Scherbinki bus terminal. The new terminal will open on 25 October), 2015-10-19</ref> Currently, the city's main bus terminals are the following: * Kanavino Bus Station, near the Moscow Railway Station. Mostly serves directions west and northwest (e.g. toward Moscow) * Scherbinki Bus Station, a few miles south of the city centre. Mostly serves directions east and south. Out of the three bus terminals, only the Kanavino station is near a subway line; the other two are connected with the rest of the city by city buses. ===Aerial cableway=== [[File:NN-Bor Volga Cableway 08-2016 img10.jpg|thumb|[[Nizhny Novgorod Cableway|Nizhny Novgorod-Bor Cableway]]]] In 2012, the [[Nizhny Novgorod Cableway|cableway]] connecting Nizhny Novgorod and [[Bor, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast|Bor]] was launched.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2012-02-09 |script-title=ru:Канатная дорога через Волгу "Нижний Новгород - Бор" начала работу |language=ru |work=Российская газета |url=https://rg.ru/2012/02/09/reg-pfo/kanatka-anons.html |access-date=2018-07-16 |archive-date=March 12, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312063401/http://www.rg.ru/2012/02/09/reg-pfo/kanatka-anons.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The length of the cableway is {{convert|3.5|km|mile|abbr=on}}. It has the largest unsupported span in Europe above the water surface, which is {{convert|861|m|ft|abbr=off}}. The main purpose is to provide an alternative type of passenger transportation in addition to river taxis, electric trains and buses. The cable car has also become a popular tourist attraction, thanks to panoramic views from the cabins. Not far from Nizhegorodskaya station there are the [[Nizhny Novgorod Cathedral Mosque]] and [[Pechersky Ascension Monastery]]. Around {{convert|100|m|ft|abbr=off}} from the Borskaya station is the park of historical reconstruction of ''[[Pax Romana]]'', which represents a collective image of a site of the Roman borderland at the turn of the 1st-2nd centuries AD, with a military camp and a small town that developed from the Marktant village at the camp. On 31 July 2014, there was an incident when lightning struck a metal support near the booth during a heavy thunderstorm, and the cable car was stopped with people in the cabins.<ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ru:В Нижнем Новгороде во время грозы в канатную дорогу ударила молния |url=https://progorodnn.ru/news/29614 |access-date=2018-07-16 |website=progorodnn.ru |language=ru |archive-date=July 16, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180716111924/https://progorodnn.ru/news/29614 |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Air travel=== [[File:Nizhny Novgorod International Airport (Strigino) - new terminal.jpg|thumb|[[Strigino International Airport]].]] Nizhny Novgorod is served by [[Strigino International Airport]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 25, 2007 |title=Россия – российские авиалинии |url=http://www.rossiya-airlines.com/ |access-date=November 16, 2012 |publisher=Rossiya-airlines.com |archive-date=January 14, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114105647/https://www.rossiya-airlines.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> which has direct flights to major Russian cities and the Middle East. The [[Sormovo (airfield)|air base Sormovo]] was an important military airlift facility, and [[Pravdinsk (air base)|Pravdinsk air base]] was an [[interceptor aircraft]] base during the [[Cold War]]. [[S7 Airlines]] and [[Aeroflot]] fly to Moscow's [[Domodedovo International Airport|Domodedovo]] and [[Sheremetyevo International Airport|Sheremetyevo Airports]] daily. It is unknown when the first [[aerodrome]] in Nizhny Novgorod was built, but its location was {{cvt|0.5|km|2}} north of where the “Moscow” cinema stands today. This aerodrome was named Nizhny Novgorod Airport. In 2011 HC Airports of Regions won their bid on the investment project into Nizhny Novgorod International Airport. In 2012, renovations were made in order to more efficiently exploit the existing facility while the new one is being built. A new terminal was opened on 29 December 2015, able to handle around 300 passengers per hour.
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