Editing Nickel (section)

===Mond process===
[[File:Nickel kugeln.jpg|thumb|left|Highly purified nickel spheres made by the [[Mond process]]]]
{{Main|Mond process}}
The purest metal is obtained from nickel oxide by the [[Mond process]], which gives a purity of over 99.99%. The process was patented by [[Ludwig Mond]] and has been in industrial use since before the beginning of the 20th century.<ref>{{cite journal|last1= Mond |first1=L. |last2=Langer |first2=K. |last3=Quincke |first3=F.| title= Action of carbon monoxide on nickel| journal=Journal of the Chemical Society|date=1890| pages=749–753|doi = 10.1039/CT8905700749|volume= 57|url=https://zenodo.org/record/2160347 }}</ref> In this process, nickel is treated with [[carbon monoxide]] in the presence of a sulfur catalyst at around 40–80&nbsp;°C to form [[nickel carbonyl]]. In a similar reaction with iron, [[iron pentacarbonyl]] can form, though this reaction is slow. If necessary, the nickel may be separated by distillation. [[Dicobalt octacarbonyl]] is also formed in nickel distillation as a by-product, but it decomposes to [[tetracobalt dodecacarbonyl]] at the reaction temperature to give a non-volatile solid.<ref name="ullmann-1">{{Ullmann|author=Kerfoot, Derek G. E. |title=Nickel|doi=10.1002/14356007.a17_157|year=2005}}</ref>

Nickel is obtained from nickel carbonyl by one of two processes. It may be passed through a large chamber at high temperatures in which tens of thousands of nickel spheres (pellets) are constantly stirred. The carbonyl decomposes and deposits pure nickel onto the spheres. In the alternate process, nickel carbonyl is decomposed in a smaller chamber at 230&nbsp;°C to create a fine nickel powder. The byproduct carbon monoxide is recirculated and reused. The highly pure nickel product is known as "carbonyl nickel".<ref>{{cite book|author=Neikov, Oleg D.|author2=Naboychenko, Stanislav|author3=Gopienko, Victor G|author4=Frishberg, Irina V|name-list-style=amp|title=Handbook of Non-Ferrous Metal Powders: Technologies and Applications|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6aP3te2hGuQC&pg=PA371|access-date=January 9, 2012|date=January 15, 2009|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-1-85617-422-0|pages=371–|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130529010927/http://books.google.com/books?id=6aP3te2hGuQC&pg=PA371|archive-date=May 29, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>