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===Transportation=== Nepal remains isolated from the world's major land, air and sea transport routes, although, within the country, aviation is in a better state, with 47 airports, 11 of them with paved runways;<ref name="World Factbook">{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/nepal/|title=South Asia :: Nepal β The World Factbook|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|access-date=4 December 2019|archive-date=9 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109075733/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/nepal/|url-status=live}}</ref> flights are frequent and support a sizeable traffic. The hilly and mountainous terrain in the northern two-thirds of the country has made the building of roads and other infrastructure difficult and expensive. {{As of|2016}}, there were just over {{convert|11890|km|0|abbr=on}} of paved roads, {{convert|16100|km|0|abbr=on}} of unpaved roads, and just {{convert|59|km|0|abbr=on}} of railway line in the south.<ref name="World Factbook"/> {{As of |2018}}, all district headquarters (except [[Simikot]]) had been connected to the road network.<ref name=milroad/> Most of the rural roads are not operable during the rainy season; even national highways regularly become inoperable.<ref>{{cite web |title=Connecting Nepal's Rural Poor to Markets |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2009/12/17/connecting-nepals-rural-poor-to-markets |access-date=4 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130422061224/https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2009/12/17/connecting-nepals-rural-poor-to-markets |archive-date=22 April 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> Nepal depends almost entirely on assistance from countries like China, India and Japan, for building, maintenance and expansion of the road network. The only practical seaport of entry for goods bound for Kathmandu is [[Kolkata]] in India. The national carrier, [[Nepal Airlines]], is in poor shape due to mismanagement and corruption, and has been blacklisted by the EU.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2019/09/14/the-rise-and-fall-of-nepal-airlines|title=The rise and fall of Nepal Airlines|website=Kathmandu Post|language=en|access-date=4 December 2019|archive-date=21 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190921093639/https://kathmandupost.com/national/2019/09/14/the-rise-and-fall-of-nepal-airlines|url-status=live}}</ref> Internally, the poor state of development of the road system makes access to markets, schools, and health clinics a challenge.<ref name="Encarta"/> Nepal has the worst road infrastructure in Asia.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nationthailand.com/international/30339429 | title=Best and worst Asian countries for road quality | date=22 February 2018 }}</ref>
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