Editing Nation of Islam (section)

=== Louis Farrakhan's revival ===

[[File:Louis Farrakhan, smiling.jpg|thumb|right|[[Louis Farrakhan]], who re-established the Nation of Islam after leaving Wallace Muhammad's group in 1977]]
The leading figure in rejecting Wallace Muhammad's reforms was [[Louis Farrakhan]], who, with other disaffected members began to rebuild the Nation of Islam in 1977.{{sfnm|1a1=Gardell|1y=1996|1p=123|2a1=Gibson|2y=2012|2pp=85–86|3a1=Curtis IV|3y=2016|3p=25}} Born in [[the Bronx]] to Caribbean migrants, Farrakhan had been a nightclub singer prior to joining the original Nation in 1955.{{sfn|Gardell|1996|pp=119–120}} In 1964 he had become minister of the NOI's Harlem Temple and in 1967 a national representative of Elijah Muhammad.{{sfn|Gardell|1996|p=121}} Under Wallace Muhammad's leadership, Farrakhan was relocated to Chicago, widely seen as a demotion.{{sfn|Gibson|2012|p=81}}

Farrakhan presented himself as Elijah Muhammad's true successor;{{sfn|Gardell|1996|p=126}} his followers described Wallace Muhammad's leadership as "the Fall".{{sfn|Gardell|1996|p=99}} Farrakhan's NOI spent the first several years focusing on rebuilding;{{sfn|Gardell|1996|pp=135–136}} the Fruit of Islam was re-established.{{sfn|Gardell|1996|pp=141–142}} In 1979, Farrakhan established a newspaper, ''The Final Call'',{{sfnm|1a1=Gardell|1y=1996|1p=140|2a1=Gibson|2y=2012|2p=88}} which by 1994 had a circulation of 500,000.{{sfn|Gardell|1996|p=140}} In 1981, Farrakhan's Nation held its first convention,{{sfnm|1a1=Allen|1y=1996|1p=18|2a1=Gardell|2y=1996|2p=137}} and its membership began to increase rapidly in the mid-1980s.{{sfn|Gardell|1996|p=141}} It was able to buy much of the property owned by its predecessor, including the Chicago Palace and the Stoney Island Mosque.{{sfnm|1a1=Allen|1y=1996|1p=20|2a1=Gardell|2y=1996|2p=138|3a1=Gibson|3y=2012|3p=108}}

Farrakhan claimed that in 1985, at [[Tepotzotlán]] in Mexico, he was teleported aboard the Mother Plane and there was given advice on the future of the Nation.{{sfnm|1a1=Allen|1y=1996|1p=20|2a1=Gardell|2y=1996|2pp=131–132|3a1=Curtis IV|3y=2016|3pp=25–26}} Masonic elements and [[numerology]] came to play an important part in Farrakhan's speeches.{{sfn|Curtis IV|2016|p=25}} Farrakhan's Nation expanded its international network, including building links in Africa; particularly strong links were built between Farrakhan and Ghanaian President [[Jerry Rawlings]].{{sfnm|1a1=Gardell|1y=1996|1p=142|2a1=Gibson|2y=2012|2pp=97–98}} Under Farrakhan, the NOI adopted more elements of mainstream Islamic practice, although not to the extent of Wallace Muhammad.{{sfn|Gardell|1996|pp=192–193}}

Although Farrakhan was critical of the heavy use of themes such as sex, violence, and drugs in [[rap]] and [[hip hop music]],{{sfnm|1a1=Gardell|1y=1996|1p=294|2a1=Gibson|2y=2012|2p=103}} during the 1980s and 1990s artists influenced by the Nation who were active in these genres played a role in spreading the Nation's message.{{sfn|Gardell|1996|p=295}} Farrakhan had grown concerned by the growth of gang violence, especially among African-American youths, and in 1989 launched his "Stop the Killing" campaign to combat it.{{sfn|Gardell|1996|p=288}} He played a key role in getting two of the country's largest gangs, the [[Bloods]] and the [[Crips]], to sign a ceasefire in May 1992.{{sfn|Gardell|1996|pp=290–291}} Later in the 1990s, Farrakhan's NOI opened its first mosques in Britain.{{sfn|Tinaz|2006|p=159}}

Farrakhan organized the [[Million Man March]] through Washington DC in 1995 which united a range of African-American groups to counter negative portrayals of black manhood; it was the largest black demonstration in U.S. history.{{sfnm|1a1=Allen|1y=1996|1pp=23–24|2a1=Gardell|2y=1996|2pp=343–345|3a1=Tinaz|3y=1996|3pp=203–204|4a1=Fishman|4a2=Soage|4y=2013|4p=61}} During the 1990s, Farrakhan was also introduced to the ideas of the [[Church of Scientology]] and in 2006 he was honoured at the Church-sponsored Ebony Awakening Awards.{{sfn|King|2017|p=219}}
In 2010, Farrakhan announced his embrace of [[Dianetics]] and has actively encouraged NOI members to undergo [[Auditing (Scientology)|auditing]] from the Church.<ref name="Scientology">{{Cite news |last=Gray |first=Eliza |date=October 5, 2012 |title=The Mothership of All Alliances |magazine=[[The New Republic]] |url=http://www.tnr.com/article/politics/magazine/108205/scientology-joins-forces-with-nation-of-islam |access-date=November 19, 2012 |archive-date=October 12, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012004247/http://www.tnr.com/article/politics/magazine/108205/scientology-joins-forces-with-nation-of-islam |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Scientology1">{{Cite news |last1=Rossetter |first1=Shelley |last2=Tobin |first2=Thomas C. |date=October 18, 2012 |title=Louis Farrakhan renews call for self-determination among Nation of Islam followers |work=[[Tampa Bay Times]] |url=http://www.tampabay.com/news/religion/louis-farrakhan-renews-call-for-self-determination-among-nation-of-islam/1128781 |url-status=dead |access-date=November 19, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105093720/http://www.tampabay.com/news/religion/louis-farrakhan-renews-call-for-self-determination-among-nation-of-islam/1128781 |archive-date=November 5, 2012}}</ref> Farrakhan praised [[L. Ron Hubbard]], founder of Dianetics and Scientology, stating that his ideas were "exceedingly valuable to every Caucasian person on this Earth",<ref name=Scientology/><ref name=Scientology1/><ref>{{Cite web |last=Farrakhan |first=Louis |date=March 11, 2011 |title=Preparation of the Mind and Qualifications to Act for Christ |url=http://www.finalcall.com/artman/publish/Minister_Louis_Farrakhan_9/article_7648.shtml |access-date=April 22, 2012 |website=The Final Call |archive-date=July 28, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728073506/http://www.finalcall.com/artman/publish/Minister_Louis_Farrakhan_9/article_7648.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-04-02 |title=The Troubling Connections between Scientology and the Nation of Islam |work=National Review |url=https://www.nationalreview.com/2018/04/scientology-nation-of-islam-troubling-connections/ |access-date=2018-11-15 |archive-date=2018-09-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180912194825/https://www.nationalreview.com/2018/04/scientology-nation-of-islam-troubling-connections/ |url-status=live }}</ref> presenting auditing as a method by which whites could purify themselves of their inherent badness.{{sfn|King|2017|p=228}} NOI Sister Charlene Muhammad received the "Dianetics Auditor of the Year" Award 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ortega |first=Tony |author-link=Tony Ortega |date=September 18, 2018 |title=Giving Scientology TV a run for its money |url=https://tonyortega.org/2018/09/18/giving-scientology-tv-a-run-for-its-money-its-the-premiere-of-the-bunker-network/ |access-date=March 21, 2021 |website=The Underground Bunker |archive-date=March 2, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302230525/https://tonyortega.org/2018/09/18/giving-scientology-tv-a-run-for-its-money-its-the-premiere-of-the-bunker-network/ |url-status=live }}</ref>