Editing Mycorrhiza (section)

== Climate change ==

CO<sub>2</sub> released by human activities is causing [[climate change]] and possible damage to mycorrhizae, but the direct effect of an increase in the gas should be to benefit plants and mycorrhizae.<ref name="Monz Hunt Reeves Elliott 1994 pp. 75–80">{{cite journal |last1=Monz |first1=C. A. |last2=Hunt |first2=H. W. |last3=Reeves |first3=F. B. |last4=Elliott |first4=E. T. |title=The response of mycorrhizal colonization to elevated CO2 and climate change in Pascopyrum smithii and Bouteloua gracilis |journal=Plant and Soil |volume=165 |issue=1 |year=1994 |doi=10.1007/bf00009964 |pages=75–80|bibcode=1994PlSoi.165...75M |s2cid=34893610 }}</ref> In Arctic regions, nitrogen and water are harder for plants to obtain, making mycorrhizae crucial to plant growth.<ref name="Hobbie Hobbie Drossman Conte 2009 pp. 84–94">{{cite journal |last1=Hobbie |first1=John E. |last2=Hobbie |first2=Erik A. |last3=Drossman |first3=Howard |last4=Conte |first4=Maureen |last5=Weber |first5=J. C. |last6=Shamhart |first6=Julee |last7=Weinrobe |first7=Melissa |display-authors=3 |title=Mycorrhizal fungi supply nitrogen to host plants in Arctic tundra and boreal forests: 15N is the key signal|journal=Canadian Journal of Microbiology |volume=55 |issue=1 |year=2009 |doi=10.1139/w08-127 |pages=84–94|pmid=19190704 |hdl=1912/2902 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Since mycorrhizae tend to do better in cooler temperatures, warming could be detrimental to them.<ref name="Heinemeyer Fitter 2004 pp. 525–534">{{cite journal |last1=Heinemeyer |first1=A. |last2=Fitter |first2=A. H. |title=Impact of temperature on the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis: growth responses of the host plant and its AM fungal partner |journal=Journal of Experimental Botany |volume=55 |issue=396 |date=22 January 2004 |doi=10.1093/jxb/erh049 |pages=525–534|pmid=14739273 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Gases such as SO<sub>2</sub>, NO-x, and O<sub>3</sub> produced by human activity may harm mycorrhizae, causing reduction in "[[propagules]], the colonization of roots, degradation in connections between trees, reduction in the mycorrhizal incidence in trees, and reduction in the [[enzyme activity]] of ectomycorrhizal roots."<ref name="Xavier-1999">{{Cite journal |last1=Xavier |first1=L. J. |last2=Germida |first2=J. J. |title=Impact of human activities on mycorrhizae |journal=Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Microbial Ecology |date=1999 }}</ref>

A company in [[Israel]], Groundwork BioAg, has discovered a method of using mycorrhizal fungi to increase agricultural crops while sequestering greenhouse gases and eliminating CO2 from the atmosphere.<ref>[https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2024-06-21/ty-article-magazine/.highlight/the-israeli-company-that-uses-fungus-to-tackle-the-climate-and-soil-crises/00000190-3723-d6fa-abb4-77af14b90000 he Israeli Company That Uses Fungus to Tackle the Climate and Soil Crises], ''[[Haaretz]]''</ref>