Editing Microorganism (section)

===Chemicals, enzymes===
{{Further |Synthesis of nanoparticles by fungi}}
Microorganisms are used to produce many commercial and industrial chemicals, [[enzymes]] and other bioactive molecules. Organic acids produced on a large industrial scale by microbial fermentation include [[acetic acid]] produced by [[acetic acid bacteria]] such as ''[[Acetobacter aceti]]'', [[butyric acid]] made by the bacterium ''[[Clostridium butyricum]]'', [[lactic acid]] made by ''[[Lactobacillus]]'' and other [[lactic acid bacteria]],<ref name=Sauer>{{cite journal |last1=Sauer |first1=Michael |last2=Porro |first2=Danilo |display-authors=et al |title=Microbial production of organic acids: expanding the markets |journal=Trends in Biotechnology |date=2008 |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=100–108 |doi=10.1016/j.tibtech.2007.11.006 |pmid=18191255 |url=http://www.ciencias.unal.edu.co/unciencias/data-file/user_29/file/Microbial%20production%20of%20organic%20acids%20expanding%20the%20markets.pdf |access-date=28 September 2017 |archive-date=28 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170928150935/http://www.ciencias.unal.edu.co/unciencias/data-file/user_29/file/Microbial%20production%20of%20organic%20acids%20expanding%20the%20markets.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> and [[citric acid]] produced by the mould fungus ''[[Aspergillus niger]]''.<ref name=Sauer/> <!--also [[ascorbic acid]], [[oxalic acid]] etc, see Sauer et al, Table 1-->

Microorganisms are used to prepare bioactive molecules such as [[Streptokinase]] from the bacterium ''[[Streptococcus]]'',<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Babashamsi |first1=Mohammed |display-authors=et al |title=Production and Purification of Streptokinase by Protected Affinity Chromatography |journal=Avicenna Journal of Medical Biotechnology |date=2009 |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=47–51 |pmid=23407807 |quote=Streptokinase is an extracellular protein, extracted from certain strains of beta hemolytic streptococcus. |pmc=3558118}}</ref> [[Cyclosporin A]] from the ascomycete fungus ''[[Tolypocladium inflatum]]'',<ref>{{cite book | editor=Merluzzi, V. J. |editor2=Adams, J. | author=Borel, J. F. |author2=Kis, Z. L. |author3=Beveridge, T. | title = The search for anti-inflammatory drugs case histories from concept to clinic | chapter = The history of the discovery and development of Cyclosporin | chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YWXlBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA27 | pages = 27–63 | date = 1995 | publisher = Birkhäuser | location = Boston | isbn = 978-1-4615-9846-6 }}</ref> and [[statins]] produced by the yeast ''[[Monascus purpureus]]''.<ref>{{cite book |title=Biology textbook for class XII |publisher=National council of educational research and training |isbn=978-81-7450-639-9 |page=183|year=2006 }}</ref>