Editing MicroRNA (section)

====miRNA-712====
[[Murine]] microRNA-712 is a potential biomarker (i.e. predictor) for [[atherosclerosis]], a cardiovascular disease of the arterial wall associated with lipid retention and inflammation.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Insull W | title = The pathology of atherosclerosis: plaque development and plaque responses to medical treatment | journal = The American Journal of Medicine | volume = 122 | issue = 1 Suppl | pages = S3–S14 | date = January 2009 | pmid = 19110086 | doi = 10.1016/j.amjmed.2008.10.013 }}</ref> Non-laminar blood flow also correlates with development of atherosclerosis as mechanosenors of endothelial cells respond to the shear force of disturbed flow (d-flow).<ref name="Son_2013">{{cite journal | vauthors = Son DJ, Kumar S, Takabe W, Kim CW, Ni CW, Alberts-Grill N, Jang IH, Kim S, Kim W, Won Kang S, Baker AH, Woong Seo J, Ferrara KW, Jo H | title = The atypical mechanosensitive microRNA-712 derived from pre-ribosomal RNA induces endothelial inflammation and atherosclerosis | journal = Nature Communications | volume = 4 | pages = 3000 | year = 2013 | pmid = 24346612 | pmc = 3923891 | doi = 10.1038/ncomms4000 | bibcode = 2013NatCo...4.3000S }}</ref> A number of pro-atherogenic genes including [[matrix metalloproteinase]]s (MMPs) are upregulated by d-flow,<ref name="Son_2013" /> mediating pro-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic signals. These findings were observed in ligated carotid arteries of mice to mimic the effects of d-flow. Within 24 hours, pre-existing immature miR-712 formed mature miR-712 suggesting that miR-712 is flow-sensitive.<ref name="Son_2013" /> Coinciding with these results, miR-712 is also upregulated in endothelial cells exposed to&nbsp;naturally occurring d-flow&nbsp;in the greater curvature of the aortic arch.<ref name="Son_2013" />