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Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
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== Corruption scandals and controversy == {{See also|List of scandals in Brazil}} Lula's administration was plagued by numerous corruption scandals, notably the [[Mensalão scandal|Mensalão $50 million vote-buying scandal]] and {{Interlanguage link|Escândalo dos sanguessugas|pt}} during Lula's first term.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ramos|first=Natalia|date=13 March 2016|title=Scandal taints Brazil's working-class hero Lula|url=https://au.news.yahoo.com/scandal-taints-brazils-working-class-hero-lula-31019288.html |access-date=1 November 2022|website=[[Agence France-Presse]]|language=en-NZ |archive-date=1 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221101200455/https://au.news.yahoo.com/scandal-taints-brazils-working-class-hero-lula-31019288.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Colitt|first=Raymond|date=21 January 2007|title=Brazil's Lula pledges economic growth in 2nd term|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-lula-idUSN2838881720070101 |access-date=1 November 2022 |archive-date=1 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221101200457/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-lula-idUSN2838881720070101 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.americasquarterly.org/blog/brazils-future-in-the-shadow-of-the-mensalao/|title=Brazil's Future in the Shadow of the Mensalão|work=Americas Quarterly|access-date=24 February 2024|archive-date=24 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240224045329/https://www.americasquarterly.org/blog/brazils-future-in-the-shadow-of-the-mensalao/|url-status=live}}</ref> === Mensalão vote-buying scandal === In the 2005 Mensalão $50 million vote-buying scandal, Brazilian attorney general Álvaro Augusto Ribeiro Costa presented charges against 40 politicians and officials involved in the Mensalão affair, including several charges against Lula himself. Lula said that he knew nothing about the scandals.<ref name="naosabia">{{cite web|url=http://politica.estadao.com.br/noticias/geral,veja-tudo-o-que-lula-nao-sabia,28644|date=2 August 2007|title=Veja tudo o que Lula 'não sabia'|work=[[O Estado de S. Paulo|Estadão]]\|publisher=Grupo Estado|language=pt|access-date=24 January 2017|archive-date=2 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202223656/http://politica.estadao.com.br/noticias/geral,veja-tudo-o-que-lula-nao-sabia,28644|url-status=live}}</ref> Among those convicted were [[Jose Dirceu]] (who was Lula's chief of staff and right-hand man from 2003 to 2005; he was sentenced to over 10 years in jail), and both the former head of Lula's Workers Party, [[Jose Genoino]], and its treasurer, [[Delubio Soares]].<ref name="auto27"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-20764518|title=Brazil 'Mensalao' corruption trial concludes|date=17 December 2012|work=BBC|access-date=24 February 2024|archive-date=24 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240224043810/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-20764518|url-status=live}}</ref> Dirceu and officials [[Luiz Gushiken]] and [[Humberto Costa]] said that Lula was not involved. [[Roberto Jefferson]] said that if Lula didn't "commit a crime by action, he committed it by omission."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/16/international/americas/brazils-congress-expels-corruption-whistleblower.html|title=Brazil's Congress Expels Corruption Whistle-Blower|work=The New York Times |date=16 September 2005}}</ref> But one of Lula's own party members, [[Arlindo Chinaglia]], alleged that Lula had been warned about the matter, and businessman [[Marcos Valério]], who was sentenced to more than 40 years in prison for his involvement in the scandal, alleged in testimony after he was convicted that Lula had authorized loans for the scheme and used some of the money to pay for his personal expenses.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://veja.abril.com.br/noticia/brasil/lula-sabia-sim-mensalao-confirma-chinaglia|title=Lula sabia, sim, do mensalão, confirma Chinaglia|work=Veja|publisher=[[Grupo Abril]]|date=30 October 2009|access-date=22 February 2013|archive-date=28 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120528045344/http://veja.abril.com.br/noticia/brasil/lula-sabia-sim-mensalao-confirma-chinaglia|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://americasquarterly.org/blog/lulas-involvement-in-mensalao-corruption-scandal-to-be-investigated/|title=Lula's Involvement in Mensalão Corruption Scandal to Be Investigated|work=Americas Quarterly|access-date=24 February 2024|archive-date=7 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907111942/https://americasquarterly.org/blog/lulas-involvement-in-mensalao-corruption-scandal-to-be-investigated/|url-status=live}}</ref> === Politicking === His administration was criticized for relying on local, right-of-centre political barons, like [[José Sarney]], [[Jader Barbalho]], [[Renan Calheiros]] and Fernando Collor to ensure a majority in [[Congress of Brazil|Congress]]. Another frequent reproach was his ambiguous treatment of the left wing of the PT. Analysts felt that he would occasionally give in to left-wing calls for tighter government control on media and increased state intervention: in 2004, he pushed for the creation of a "Federal Council of Journalists" (CFJ) and a "National Cinema Agency" (Ancinav), the latter designed to overhaul funding for [[Electronic media|electronic communications]]. Both proposals ultimately failed amid concerns over the effect of state control on free speech.<ref>Caram, Fabio. [https://archive.today/20120912033120/http://www.observatoriodaimprensa.com.br/artigos.asp?cod=290JDB017 Conselho, imprensa e controle], ''[[Observatório da Imprensa]]'', 17 August 2004.</ref><ref>[https://archive.today/20091206034637/http://www.estadao.com.br/estadaodehoje/20090906/not_imp430262,0.php Op. Ed.] ''[[O Estado de S. Paulo]]'', 6 September 2009.</ref> === Great Recession caused by white people with blue eyes === Before a [[G-20 summit]] in London in March 2009, Lula caused an uproar by declaring that the [[Great Recession|economic crisis]] was caused by "the irrational behavior of white people with blue eyes, who before seemed to know everything, and now have shown they don't know anything".<ref>{{cite news|title=Brazil's 'Teflon' Leader Nicked by Slump|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=2 April 2009|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/03/world/americas/03lula.html |access-date=23 July 2017|first=Alexei|last=Barrionuevo |archive-date=26 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180126223718/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/03/world/americas/03lula.html |url-status=live}}</ref> He added: "I don't know any black or indigenous bankers."<ref name="auto5">{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE53E76B/|title=Brazil's Lula repeats 'blue eyes' crisis comment|publisher= Reuters}}</ref> He repeated the accusation the following month.<ref name="auto5"/> === Terrorist Cesare Battisti === When Italian far-left terrorist [[Cesare Battisti (1954)|Cesare Battisti]] of the [[Armed Proletarians for Communism]], wanted for four murders, was arrested in Rio de Janeiro in March 2007 by Brazilian and French police officers, Brazilian Minister of Justice [[Tarso Genro]] granted him status as a political refugee. It was a controversial decision, which divided Italy and the Brazilian and international press. In February 2009, the [[European Parliament]] adopted a resolution in support of Italy, and held a minute's silence in memory of Battisti's victims. In November 2009, the Brazilian Supreme Court declared the grant of refugee status illegal and allowed Battisti's extradition, but also stated that the Brazilian constitution gave the president the personal power to deny the extradition if he chose to, effectively putting the final decision in the hands of Lula.<ref>International Extradition Treaty-Protocol are made between presidents – {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20160305010210/http://www.mcnabbassociates.com/Brazil%20International%20Extradition%20protocol%20with%20the%20United%20States.pdf Brazil International Extradition Treaty-Protocol with the United States]}} 18 June 1962, Date-Signed</ref> Lula barred Battisti's extradition.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://g1.globo.com/politica/noticia/2010/12/lula-nega-extradicao-de-cesare-battisti-para-italia.html|date=31 December 2010|last=Bonin|first=Robson|work=[[G1 (website)|G1]]|publisher=[[Grupo Globo]]|title=Lula nega extradição de Cesare Battisti para a Itália|language=pt|access-date=24 January 2017|archive-date=2 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202065007/http://g1.globo.com/politica/noticia/2010/12/lula-nega-extradicao-de-cesare-battisti-para-italia.html|url-status=live}}</ref> On 31 December 2010, Lula's last day in office, his decision not to allow Battisti's extradition was officially announced. Battisti was released on 9 June 2011 from prison, after the Brazilian Constitutional Court denied Italy's request to extradite him. Italy planned to appeal to the [[International Court of Justice]] in the Hague, saying Brazil had breached an extradition treaty.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/jun/09/italy-to-appeal-cesare-battisti|newspaper=The Guardian|title=Italy to appeal against Brazil's refusal to extradite convicted killer|date=9 June 2011|access-date=24 January 2017|archive-date=2 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202113331/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/jun/09/italy-to-appeal-cesare-battisti|url-status=live}}</ref> Lula's successor, President Michel Temer, revoked his status as a permanent resident in December and an arrest warrant was issued; Battisti then entered Bolivia illegally, and was arrested and extradited from Bolivia in January 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-46853465|title=Cesare Battisti: Ex-militant extradited by Bolivia arrives in Italy|publisher=BBC|date=14 January 2019| access-date=27 October 2019| archive-date=5 December 2019| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205081554/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-46853465| url-status=live}}</ref> === Operation Zelotes === In 2015, Lula, along with his former chief of staff {{Ill|Gilberto Carvalho|pt|Gilberto Carvalho|lt=Gilberto Carvalho}} and five others, was indicted in a corruption probe as part of {{Ill|Operation Zelotes|pt|Operação Zelotes|lt=Operation Zelotes}}, regarding payment of R$6 million in bribes (US ${{To USD round|5|BRA|year=2015|sf=2}} million). Prosecutors alleged they helped pass Provisional Measure 471 (which was later converted into Law 12,218/2010) in 2009 in order to benefit the automotive companies [[Grupo Caoa]] and MMC.<ref>{{cite web |author1=Gabriela Coelho |author2=Leonardo Lellis |date=21 June 2021 |title=Justiça Federal absolve Lula de suspeita de favorecer montadoras |url=https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/politica/2021/06/21/justica-federal-absolve-lula-de-suspeita-de-favorecer-montadoras |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210715161040/https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/politica/2021/06/21/justica-federal-absolve-lula-de-suspeita-de-favorecer-montadoras |archive-date=15 July 2021 |access-date=15 July 2021 |work=[[CNN Brazil]] |language=pt}}</ref> On 21 June 2021, Judge Frederico Botelho de Barros Viana of the 10th Federal Court of Brasilia acquitted all the accused, saying that the prosecution did not convincingly demonstrate that the defendants were involved in a criminal conspiracy.<ref>{{cite web|author=Isador Peron|url=https://valorinveste.globo.com/mercados/brasil-e-politica/noticia/2021/06/21/juiz-de-brasilia-absolve-lula-em-acao-da-zelotes-sobre-beneficio-a-montadoras.ghtml|title=Juiz de Brasília absolve Lula em ação da Zelotes sobre benefício a montadoras|work=Valor Investe|language=pt|date=21 June 2021 | access-date = 15 July 2021 | archive-date = 15 July 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210715162052/https://valorinveste.globo.com/mercados/brasil-e-politica/noticia/2021/06/21/juiz-de-brasilia-absolve-lula-em-acao-da-zelotes-sobre-beneficio-a-montadoras.ghtml | url-status = live}}</ref> === Operation Car Wash: corruption investigation and prosecution === [[File:Manifestação em frente ao Diretório Nacional do PT em São Paulo, março de 2016.jpg|thumb|Protests related to 2016 Lula's testimony]] [[File:Brazil protest 16 March 2016.jpg|thumb|Demonstrators gather in front of the [[Palácio do Planalto]], the presidential palace, to protest against Lula's appointment as [[Chief of Staff of Brazil|Chief of Staff of the Presidency]], 16 March 2016]] [[File:Dilma empossa Lula como Ministro Chefe da Casa Civil.jpg|thumb|250px|Lula is sworn in as Chief of Staff by President [[Dilma Rousseff]] on 17 March 2016.]] In 2014, Brazil began ''Operação Lava Jato'' (English: [[Operation Car Wash]]), resulting in several arrests and convictions, including nine suits against Lula. In April 2015, the [[Public Prosecutor's Office (Brazil)|Public Ministry]] of Brazil opened an investigation into allegations of [[influence peddling]] by Lula, which alleged that between 2011 and 2014 he had lobbied for government contracts in foreign countries for the [[Odebrecht]] company and had also persuaded the Brazilian Development Bank to finance the projects in [[Ghana]], [[Angola]], [[Cuba]], and the [[Dominican Republic]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://epoca.globo.com/tempo/noticia/2015/04/suspeitas-de-trafico-de-influencia-internacional-sobre-o-ex-presidente-lula.html|work=[[Época (Brazilian magazine)|Época]]|publisher=[[Rede Globo]]|title=As suspeitas de tráfico de influência internacional sobre o ex-presidente Lula: O Ministério Público Federal abre uma investigação contra o petista – ele é suspeito de ajudar a Odebrecht em contratos bilionários|date=30 April 2015|access-date=27 October 2015|archive-date=26 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151026003957/http://epoca.globo.com/tempo/noticia/2015/04/suspeitas-de-trafico-de-influencia-internacional-sobre-o-ex-presidente-lula.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In June 2015, [[Marcelo Odebrecht]], president of Odebrecht, was arrested on charges that he had paid politicians $230 million in bribes.<ref name="mo">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/20/business/internationael/brazil-arrests-head-ofodebrecht-in-petrobras-scandal.html|title=Brazil Arrests Head of Odebrecht in Petrobras Scandal|work=The New York Times|date=19 June 2015}}</ref> Three other company executives were also arrested, as well as the chief executive of [[Andrade Gutierrez]], another construction conglomerate.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/20/business/international/brazil-arrests-head-ofodebrecht-in-petrobras-scandal.html|newspaper=The New York Times|title=Brazil Arrests Head of Odebrecht in Petrobras Scandal|access-date=26 July 2017|date=19 June 2015|first=Dan|last=Horch|archive-date=30 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930093115/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/20/business/international/brazil-arrests-head-ofodebrecht-in-petrobras-scandal.html|url-status=live}}</ref> On 4 March 2016, as part of "Operation Car Wash", Brazilian authorities raided Lula's home.<ref name="Romero">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/05/world/americas/brazil-raid-luiz-incio-lula-da-silva.html|title=Police Raid Home of Ex-President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva of Brazil|last=Romero|first=Simon|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=4 March 2016 |access-date=4 March 2016|location=Rio de Janeiro|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304234231/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/05/world/americas/brazil-raid-luiz-incio-lula-da-silva.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.premiumherald.com/2016/03/04/police-question-brazils-ex-president-corruption-probe/|title=Police Question Brazil's Ex-President in Corruption Probe|date=4 March 2016|website=The Premium Herald|access-date=4 March 2016|archive-date=8 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308021937/http://www.premiumherald.com/2016/03/04/police-question-brazils-ex-president-corruption-probe/|url-status=live}}</ref> After the raid, the police detained Lula for questioning.<ref name="euronews">{{cite news|url=http://www.euronews.com/2016/03/04/brazilian-police-bring-in-fromer-president-lula-da-silva-for-questioning-as|title=Former Brazil president Lula da Silva detained amid corruption investigation|date=4 March 2016|publisher=Euronews|access-date=4 March 2016|archive-date=5 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305004850/http://www.euronews.com/2016/03/04/brazilian-police-bring-in-fromer-president-lula-da-silva-for-questioning-as/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Machado">{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-corruption-lula-idUSKCN0W60Z6|title=Brazil police detain former president Lula in anti-graft probe: source|last=Machado|first=Adriano|date=4 March 2016|work=Reuters|access-date=4 March 2016|location=São Paulo|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304145618/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-corruption-lula-idUSKCN0W60Z6|url-status=live}}</ref> A police statement alleged that Lula had collaborated in illegal bribes from the oil company [[Petrobras]] to benefit his political party and presidential campaign.<ref name="euronews"/> Prosecutor Carlos Fernando said, "The favours to Lula from big construction companies involved in the fraud at Petrobras were many and hard to quantify".<ref name="citizen"> {{cite news|url=http://citizen.co.za/afp_feed_article/brazils-lula-received-many-favors-from-corrupt-companies/|title=Brazil's Lula received 'many' favors from corrupt companies|work=The Citizen|agency=[[Agence France-Presse|AFP]]|access-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304212134/http://citizen.co.za/afp_feed_article/brazils-lula-received-many-favors-from-corrupt-companies/|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Lula said that he and his party were being politically persecuted.<ref name="forbes-un">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/kenrapoza/2016/07/29/brazils-ex-president-lula-wants-un-to-save-him-from-petrobras-noose|title=Brazil's Ex-President Lula Wants UN To Save Him From Petrobras Noose|magazine=Forbes|date=29 July 2016|access-date=26 January 2017|author=Kenneth Rapoza|archive-date=17 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161017121044/http://www.forbes.com/sites/kenrapoza/2016/07/29/brazils-ex-president-lula-wants-un-to-save-him-from-petrobras-noose/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="folha-lavajato">{{cite web|url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2015/12/1721006-no-depoimento-a-pf-lula-critica-lava-jato-e-admite-amizade-com-bumlai.shtml|language=pt|title=No depoimento à PF, Lula critica Lava Jato e admite amizade com Bumlai|work=Folha de S.Paulo|date=18 December 2015|access-date=26 January 2017|archive-date=20 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160920123039/http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2015/12/1721006-no-depoimento-a-pf-lula-critica-lava-jato-e-admite-amizade-com-bumlai.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="infomoney-lavajato">{{cite web|url=http://www.infomoney.com.br/mercados/politica/noticia/5636243/assessoria-lula-critica-lava-jato-compara-operacao-com-video-porta|title=Assessoria de Lula critica Lava Jato e compara operação com vídeo do Porta dos Fundos|language=pt|date=11 October 2016|publisher=InfoMoney|access-date=26 January 2017|archive-date=2 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202100220/http://www.infomoney.com.br/mercados/politica/noticia/5636243/assessoria-lula-critica-lava-jato-compara-operacao-com-video-porta|url-status=live}}</ref> On 16 March 2016, Rousseff appointed Lula as her [[Chief of Staff of Brazil|chief of staff]], a position comparable to that of prime minister. This would have shielded him from arrest due to the immunity that went with the position.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/17/world/americas/brazil-ex-president-luiz-inacio-lula-da-silva.html|title=Ex-President 'Lula' Joins Brazil's Cabinet, Gaining Legal Shield|last=Romero|first=Simon|date=16 March 2016|work=The New York Times|access-date=2 March 2017|archive-date=27 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227161036/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/17/world/americas/brazil-ex-president-luiz-inacio-lula-da-silva.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Cabinet ministers in Brazil are among close to seven hundred senior government officials enjoying special judicial standing, which means they can only be tried by Brazil's [[Supreme Federal Court]]. Supreme Court Judge [[Gilmar Mendes]] suspended Lula's appointment on the grounds that Rousseff was trying to help Lula circumvent prosecution.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.premiumherald.com/2016/03/19/supreme-court-justice-brazil-blocks-appointment-ex-president/er|title=Supreme Court Justice in Brazil Blocks appointment for Ex-President|date=19 March 2016|work=The Premium Herald|access-date=19 March 2016|archive-date=3 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203180258/https://premiumherald.com/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/03/18/americas/brazil-lula-rousseff/index.html|title=Brazilian judge blocks Lula da Silva appointment|website=CNN|access-date=19 March 2016|archive-date=19 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160319021955/http://www.cnn.com/2016/03/18/americas/brazil-lula-rousseff/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="bbcjudge">{{cite news|date=17 March 2016|title=Brazil judge blocks Lula appointment to government|work=BBC News|publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-35835795 |url-status=live |access-date=17 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160317173916/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-35835795 |archive-date=17 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Justice Gilmar Mendes suspends Lula's nomination as Chief of Staff|url=http://www.correiobraziliense.com.br/app/noticia/politica/2016/03/18/internas_polbraeco,523005/ministro-gilmar-mendes-suspende-nomeacao-de-lula-para-casa-civil.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160320163038/http://www.correiobraziliense.com.br/app/noticia/politica/2016/03/18/internas_polbraeco,523005/ministro-gilmar-mendes-suspende-nomeacao-de-lula-para-casa-civil.shtml |archive-date=20 March 2016 |access-date=18 March 2016|work=Correio Braziliense|date=18 March 0321 |language=pt}}</ref> On 28 July 2016, Lula filed a petition with the [[United Nations Human Rights Committee]], a panel of experts, requesting that it provide a view on his accusation that Moro had violated his rights.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-corruption-un/brazils-lula-tells-u-n-his-rights-violated-in-corruption-probe-idUSKCN1082OC "Brazil's Lula tells U.N. his rights violated in corruption probe,"] Reuters. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407115945/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-corruption-un/brazils-lula-tells-u-n-his-rights-violated-in-corruption-probe-idUSKCN1082OC |date=7 April 2018 }} published on 28 July 2016</ref> The Committee ultimately accepted the case.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/apr/14/lula-like-all-brazilians-faced-a-fair-trial|title=Lula, like all Brazilians, faced a fair trial |date=14 April 2019|work=The Guardian|access-date=14 June 2019|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|archive-date=7 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190607010648/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/apr/14/lula-like-all-brazilians-faced-a-fair-trial|url-status=live}}</ref> On 14 September 2016, prosecutors filed corruption charges against Lula, accusing him of being the mastermind or 'maximum commander of the scheme'.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/15/world/americas/brazil-lula-corruption-charges.html|title='Lula,' Brazil's Ex-President, Is Charged With Corruption|work=The New York Times|date=14 September 2016|first=Simon|last=Romero|access-date=15 September 2016|archive-date=15 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160915015806/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/15/world/americas/brazil-lula-corruption-charges.html|url-status=live}}</ref> On 19 September 2016, 13th Circuit ([[Paraná (state)|Paraná]]) federal judge [[Sergio Moro]], who was leading the corruption probe, accepted an indictment for money laundering against Lula and his wife [[Marisa Letícia Lula da Silva]]. On 11 May 2017, Lula answered a summons by appearing in [[Curitiba]] and was questioned by Moro. The closed-court hearing lasted five hours. Thousands of Lula supporters went to Curitiba, together with Dilma Rousseff. After the hearing, Lula and Rousseff gave speeches to his supporters; Lula attacked what he called bias in the Brazilian media.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Phillips|first1=Dom|title=Brazil's ex-president Lula decries persecution as he faces corruption charges in court|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/may/10/brazil-lula-president-court-corruption-charges|work=The Guardian|date=11 May 2017|access-date=12 May 2017|archive-date=11 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170511232406/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/may/10/brazil-lula-president-court-corruption-charges|url-status=live}}</ref> ==== Guilty verdict and sentencing ==== Lula was found guilty by the lower court of accepting {{BRL|3.7 million}} in bribes (${{To USD round|3700000|BRA|2017}} US) in the form of improvements to his beachfront house, made by construction company {{Interlanguage link|Grupo Metha|pt}}, which in turn received lucrative contracts from the state-owned oil company [[Petrobras]].<ref name="nyt-prison">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/12/world/americas/brazil-lula-da-silva-corruption.html|title=Ex-President of Brazil Sentenced to Nearly 10 Years in Prison for Corruption|author=Londoño, Ernesto|date=12 July 2017|work=The New York Times|access-date=10 July 2017|archive-date=12 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170712235559/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/12/world/americas/brazil-lula-da-silva-corruption.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Lula also faced other charges, including money laundering, influence peddling and obstruction of justice.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-10841416|title=Profile: Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva|date=12 July 2017|work=BBC News|access-date=14 July 2017|language=en-GB|archive-date=13 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170713143249/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-10841416|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="nyt-prison" /> On 12 July 2017, [[Sergio Moro]] sentenced Lula to nine and a half years in prison.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jul/12/brazil-president-lula-convicted-corruption|title=Brazil's ex-president Lula sentenced to nearly 10 years in prison for corruption|last=Phillips|first=Dom|date=12 July 2017|work=The Guardian|access-date=14 July 2017|issn=0261-3077|archive-date=14 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714001157/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jul/12/brazil-president-lula-convicted-corruption|url-status=live}}</ref> Lula remained free pending his appeal.<ref name="sentence">{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-corruption-lula-idUSKBN19X2FO|title=Former Brazilian President Lula found guilty of corruption|date=12 July 2017|work=Reuters|access-date=10 July 2017|archive-date=12 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170712190646/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-corruption-lula-idUSKBN19X2FO|url-status=live}}</ref> Lula's lawyer accused the judge of bias and the judge replied that nobody, not even the former president, should be above the [[rule of law]].<ref name="sentence" /> On 25 January 2018, the Appeal Court of Porto Alegre found Lula guilty of corruption and money laundering and increased his sentence to 12 years of prison<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-42810464|title=Brazil ex-President Lula loses appeal|date=2018|work=BBC News|access-date=3 September 2018|language=en-GB|archive-date=1 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180701102633/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-42810464|url-status=live}}</ref> for one of the nine charges, while the other eight were still pending. On 26 March 2018, that same court upheld its own sentence, thus ending the case in that court.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://g1.globo.com/rs/rio-grande-do-sul/noticia/trf-4-nega-recurso-da-defesa-de-lula-sobre-condenacao-em-segunda-instancia-no-processo-do-triplex.ghtml|title=TRF-4 nega recurso da defesa de Lula sobre condenação em segunda instância no processo do triplex|date=26 March 2018|work=G1|access-date=20 January 2021|language=pt|archive-date=9 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109040327/https://g1.globo.com/rs/rio-grande-do-sul/noticia/trf-4-nega-recurso-da-defesa-de-lula-sobre-condenacao-em-segunda-instancia-no-processo-do-triplex.ghtml|url-status=live}}</ref> ==== Prison ==== On 5 April 2018, Brazil's Supreme Federal Court (STF) voted 6–5 to deny Lula's ''[[habeas corpus]]'' petition.<ref>"[http://www.estadao.com.br/ao-vivo/supremo-condenacao-segunda-instancia "STF rejeita habeas corpus de Lula por 6 votos a 5"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180405042237/http://www.estadao.com.br/ao-vivo/supremo-condenacao-segunda-instancia |date=5 April 2018 }}," ''Estadão Ao Vivo'', 5 April 2018. Retrieved 5 April 2018.</ref> The court ruled that Lula must begin serving his sentence relating to his 12 July 2017 graft conviction for taking bribes from an engineering firm in return for help land contracts with state-run oil company [[Petroleo Brasileiro SA]], despite him not having exhausted all of his appeals, but rather only one appeal, at which the appellate court had unanimously upheld his sentence.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/04/05/americas/brazil-lula-ruling-corruption-election-intl/index.html|title=Judge orders arrest of ex-Brazil president Lula da Silva|first1=Daniel|last1=Silva|first2=Bard|last2=Wilkinson|date=5 April 2018|website=CNN|access-date=23 February 2024|archive-date=23 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223111810/https://www.cnn.com/2018/04/05/americas/brazil-lula-ruling-corruption-election-intl/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/internacional/en/brazil/2018/04/1963562-in-vote-of-6-to-5-federal-supreme-court-denies-lula-habeas-corpus.shtml|title=Internacional – En – Brazil – In Vote of 6 to 5, Federal Supreme Court Denies Lula Habeas Corpus|date=5 April 2018|website=Folha de S.Paulo|access-date=23 February 2024|archive-date=23 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223111811/https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/internacional/en/brazil/2018/04/1963562-in-vote-of-6-to-5-federal-supreme-court-denies-lula-habeas-corpus.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-brazil-politics-lula/brazil-judge-orders-ex-president-lula-jailed-by-friday-idUKKCN1HC2I3/|author=Anthony Boadie|title=Brazil judge orders ex-president Lula jailed by Friday|publisher= Reuters}}</ref> Brazilian financial markets rallied, as the decision increased the chances a market-friendly candidate winning the election.<ref name="auto1"/> Lula and his party vowed to continue his campaign from prison following the court's decision that he must surrender himself by 6 April.<ref>"[https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/lula-verdict-plunges-brazil-into-political-chaos-ahead-of-presidential-election/2018/04/05/a215bb1a-386e-11e8-af3c-2123715f78df_story.html "Lula ordered to jail, plunging Brazil into political chaos ahead of presidential election,"] ''The Washington Post''. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180405220936/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/lula-verdict-plunges-brazil-into-political-chaos-ahead-of-presidential-election/2018/04/05/a215bb1a-386e-11e8-af3c-2123715f78df_story.html |date=5 April 2018 }}," 5 April 2018, Retrieved 5 April 2018.</ref> The head of Brazil's army, General Eduardo Villas Boas, called for Lula to be placed behind bars.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-politics-lula/brazil-army-commander-repudiates-impunity-on-eve-of-lula-ruling-idUSKCN1HB09J "Brazil army commander 'repudiates impunity' on eve of Lula ruling,"] Reuters. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180419053536/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-politics-lula/brazil-army-commander-repudiates-impunity-on-eve-of-lula-ruling-idUSKCN1HB09J |date=19 April 2018 }} by Brad Brooks, published on 3 April 2018</ref> Following Judge Moro's issuance of an arrest warrant for Lula on 6 April 2018, Lula appealed to the UN Human Rights Committee to – in addition to his primary case – take emergency action by asking the government of Brazil to prevent his arrest until he had exhausted all appeals, arguing that the Brazilian Supreme Court had narrowly adopted its ruling with only six votes against five, which "shows the need for an independent court"; the Committee ultimately denied Lula's request.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theglobepost.com/2019/02/06/lula-imprisoned-brazil/|title=Former Brazil President Lula Given Nearly 13 years in New Conviction|date=6 February 2019|website=The Globe Post|language=en-US|access-date=14 June 2019|archive-date=21 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200421162013/https://theglobepost.com/2019/02/06/lula-imprisoned-brazil/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[http://www.gulf-times.com/story/588026/Lula-appeals-to-UN-and-court-in-bid-to-avoid-jail "Lula appeals to UN and court in bid to avoid jail,"] ''Gulf Times''. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180409184415/http://www.gulf-times.com/story/588026/Lula-appeals-to-UN-and-court-in-bid-to-avoid-jail |date=9 April 2018 }} published on 7 April 2018</ref> In June 2018, the Committee denied Lula's request.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://en.mercopress.com/2018/05/24/un-denies-lula-s-request-for-emergency-action-against-his-imprisonment|title=UN denies Lula's request for emergency action against his imprisonment|work=MercoPress|access-date=20 June 2018|archive-date=20 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620180613/http://en.mercopress.com/2018/05/24/un-denies-lula-s-request-for-emergency-action-against-his-imprisonment|url-status=live}}</ref> Lula failed to turn himself in at the scheduled time,<ref>"[https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/04/07/600499624/lula-da-silva-brazils-beloved-ex-president-continues-resisting-order-to-surrende "Lula Da Silva, Brazil's Beloved Ex-President, Says He Will Surrender After Standoff"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407180724/https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/04/07/600499624/lula-da-silva-brazils-beloved-ex-president-continues-resisting-order-to-surrende |date=7 April 2018 }}," NPR, 7 April 2018, Retrieved 7 April 2018.</ref> but he did so on the following day on 7 April 2018.<ref>"[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-43686174 "Lula: Former Brazilian president surrenders to police"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616160604/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-43686174 |date=16 June 2018 }}," BBC, 7 April 2018, Retrieved 7 April 2018.</ref> After Lula was imprisoned, protesters took to the streets in cities across Brazil.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-politics-lula/brazils-lula-spends-first-night-in-jail-amid-fight-for-freedom-idUSKBN1HF0SL "Brazil's Lula spends first night in jail amid fight for freedom"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180419053414/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-politics-lula/brazils-lula-spends-first-night-in-jail-amid-fight-for-freedom-idUSKBN1HF0SL |date=19 April 2018 }} by Reuters staff. Published on 8 April 2018. Retrieved 18 April 2018</ref> Lula's imprisonment led to the formation of the [[Free Lula Movement]]. On 28 May 2018, the UN Human Rights Committee initiated an investigation into Lula's case.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/31/world/americas/lula-president-brazil.html|title=Brazilian Court Rules That 'Lula' Cannot Run for President|last1=Darlington|first1=Shasta|date=31 August 2018|work=The New York Times|access-date=14 June 2019|last2=Andreoni|first2=Manuela|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=12 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190612020210/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/31/world/americas/lula-president-brazil.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In August, the Committee "requested Brazil to take all necessary measures to ensure that Lula can enjoy and exercise his political rights while in prison, as candidate in the 2018 presidential elections"; Brazil's foreign ministry noted that the recommendation had no legal significance.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-08-17/brazil-slaps-down-un-human-rights-committee-request-on-lula|title=Brazil Slaps Down UN Human Rights Committee Request on Lula|website=Bloomberg|date=17 August 2018|access-date=24 August 2018|archive-date=25 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825073810/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-08-17/brazil-slaps-down-un-human-rights-committee-request-on-lula|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Brad Brooks|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-election-lula/brazils-lula-should-have-political-rights-u-n-human-rights-committee-idUSKBN1L21L1|title=Brazil's Lula should have political rights: U.N. Human Rights Committee|newspaper=Reuters|date=17 August 2018 | archive-url = https://archive.today/20180817193826/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-election-lula/brazils-lula-should-have-political-rights-u-n-human-rights-committee-idUSKBN1L21L1 | archive-date = 17 August 2018 | url-status = live | access-date = 24 August 2018}}</ref> On 8 July 2018, [[on-call]] weekend duty federal judge for the 4th region Rogério Favreto ordered Lula's release.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.postcourier.com.pg/judge-overrules-order-brazil-ex-presidents-freed/|title=Judge overrules order for Brazil ex-president's to be freed|date=9 July 2018|access-date=23 February 2024|archive-date=23 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223112352/https://www.postcourier.com.pg/judge-overrules-order-brazil-ex-presidents-freed/|url-status=live}}</ref> Moro said that Favreto did not have the authority to release Lula, and Favreto's ruling was overturned the same day by the Judge Pedro Gebran Neto, president of the 4th regional court.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/07/08/brazil-judge-orders-lula-remain-prison-overturning-earlier-ruling/|title=Brazil judge orders Lula to remain in prison overturning earlier ruling to release former president|agency=Agence France-Presse|date=8 July 2018|work=The Telegraph|access-date=9 July 2018|language=en-GB|issn=0307-1235|archive-date=8 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180708232312/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/07/08/brazil-judge-orders-lula-remain-prison-overturning-earlier-ruling/|url-status=live}}</ref> On 2 August 2018, Pope Francis received three former allies of Lula in Rome: [[Celso Amorim]], [[Alberto Fernández]] and [[Carlos Ominami]].<ref>{{in lang|it}} [https://www.lastampa.it/vatican-insider-it/2018/08/03/news/il-papa-riceve-il-libro-dell-ex-presidente-brasiliano-lula-e-firma-una-breve-dedica-prega-per-me-1.34036354 ''Il Papa riceve il libro dell'ex presidente brasiliano Lula e firma una breve dedica: "Prega per me"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109054434/https://www.lastampa.it/vatican-insider-it/2018/08/03/news/il-papa-riceve-il-libro-dell-ex-presidente-brasiliano-lula-e-firma-una-breve-dedica-prega-per-me-1.34036354 |date=9 November 2019 }}, [[La Stampa]], 3 August 2018.</ref> Later, the pope addressed a handwritten note to Lula (posted on his Twitter account) with the following text: "To Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva with my blessing, asking him to pray for me, Francisco".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://morningstaronline.co.uk/article/pope-sends-handwritten-note-lula|title=Pope sends message of support to jailed Lula|date=4 August 2018|journal=[[Morning Star (British newspaper)|Morning Star]] | archive-url = https://archive.today/20180805201344/https://morningstaronline.co.uk/article/pope-sends-handwritten-note-lula | archive-date = 5 August 2018 | url-status = live | access-date = 2 May 2019}}</ref> On 9 June 2019, ''[[The Intercept]]'' published [[Vaza Jato|leaked]] [[Telegram (app)|Telegram]] messages between the judge in Lula's case, [[Sergio Moro]], and the Operation Car Wash lead prosecutor, [[Deltan Dallagnol]], in which they allegedly conspired to convict Lula to prevent his candidacy for the 2018 presidential election.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.infomoney.com.br/minhas-financas/gadgets/noticia/8377542|title=Como hackers conseguiram acessar o celular de Sérgio Moro|last=Sutto|first=Giovanna|website=infomoney.com.br|language=pt|access-date=27 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Hidden Plot: Exclusive: Brazil's Top Prosecutors Who Indicted Lula Schemed in Secret Messages to Prevent His Party From Winning 2018 Election|url=https://theintercept.com/2019/06/09/brazil-car-wash-prosecutors-workers-party-lula/|work=The Intercept|date=9 June 2019|access-date=3 July 2019|language=en-US|first1=Glenn|last1=Greenwald|first2=Victor|last2=Pougy|archive-date=16 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190616015427/https://theintercept.com/2019/06/09/brazil-car-wash-prosecutors-workers-party-lula/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Brazil's Anti-Corruption Superstar Faces A Scandal Of His Own|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/sergio-moro-lula-brazil-operation-car-wash_n_5d14f870e4b082e55365fe72|work=HuffPost|date=1 July 2019|access-date=3 July 2019|language=en|first=Travis|last=Waldron|archive-date=3 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190703020348/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/sergio-moro-lula-brazil-operation-car-wash_n_5d14f870e4b082e55365fe72|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Opinion: Brazil's anti-corruption drive has been exposed as corrupt and it could bring down Bolsonaro|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/brazil-sergio-moro-corruption-lato-javo-bolsonaro-the-intercept-glenn-greenwald-a8982486.html|work=The Independent|first=Benjamin|last=Fogel|date=1 July 2019|access-date=3 July 2019|language=en|archive-date=2 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190702152258/https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/brazil-sergio-moro-corruption-lato-javo-bolsonaro-the-intercept-glenn-greenwald-a8982486.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Londoño|first1=Ernesto|last2=Casado|first2=Letícia|date=10 June 2019|title=Leaked Messages Raise Fairness Questions in Brazil Corruption Inquiry|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/10/world/americas/brazil-car-wash-lava-jato.html|journal=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=3 July 2019|archive-date=30 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190630024800/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/10/world/americas/brazil-car-wash-lava-jato.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.20minutes.fr/monde/2536843-20190610-bresil-enqueteurs-anticorruption-conspire-empecher-retour-pouvoir-lula|title=Brésil: Les enquêteurs anticorruption auraient conspiré pour empêcher le retour au pouvoir de Lula|date=10 June 2019|publisher=20 Minutes|language=fr|access-date=10 June 2019|archive-date=10 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190610075521/https://www.20minutes.fr/monde/2536843-20190610-bresil-enqueteurs-anticorruption-conspire-empecher-retour-pouvoir-lula|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theintercept.com/2019/06/09/brazil-lula-operation-car-wash-sergio-moro/|title=Breach of Ethics: Exclusive: Leaked Chats Between Brazilian Judge and Prosecutor Who Imprisoned Lula Reveal Prohibited Collaboration and Doubts Over Evidence|last1=Fishman|first1=Andrew|last2=Martins|first2=Rafael Moro|date=9 June 2019|website=The Intercept|language=en-US|access-date=10 June 2019|last3=Demori|first3=Leandro|last4=Santi|first4=Alexandre de|last5=Greenwald|first5=Glenn|archive-date=16 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190616025313/https://theintercept.com/2019/06/09/brazil-lula-operation-car-wash-sergio-moro/|url-status=live}}</ref> Moro was accused of lacking impartiality in Lula's trial.<ref name="nytimes">{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/25/world/americas/bolsonaro-brazil-phone-hack-corruption.html|title=Jair Bolsonaro, Brazil President, Says His Phones Were Hacked|author=Londoño, Ernesto|date=25 July 2019|work=The New York Times|access-date=1 August 2019|archive-date=1 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190801200037/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/25/world/americas/bolsonaro-brazil-phone-hack-corruption.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Following the disclosures, the resumption of legal proceedings was determined by the Supreme Court.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.zeit.de/politik/ausland/2019-06/brasilien-ex-praesident-lula-da-silva-justiz-manipulation|title=Mitschnitte stellen Urteil gegen Ex-Präsident Lula infrage|date=11 June 2019|newspaper=[[Die Zeit]]|access-date=12 June 2019|language=de|archive-date=11 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190611191038/https://www.zeit.de/politik/ausland/2019-06/brasilien-ex-praesident-lula-da-silva-justiz-manipulation|url-status=live}}</ref> Moro denied any wrongdoing or [[judicial misconduct]] during the course of Operation Car Wash and his investigation of Lula, claiming that the conversations leaked by ''The Intercept'' were misrepresented by the press and that conversations between prosecutors and judges are normal.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.correiobraziliense.com.br/app/noticia/politica/2019/06/10/interna_politica,761721/nao-tem-orientacao-nenhuma-ali-diz-moro-antes-de-abandonar-coletiva.shtml|title=Moro nega ter orientado procuradores da Lava-Jato e abandona entrevista|date=10 June 2019|website=Correio Braziliense|language=pt|access-date=16 October 2019|archive-date=1 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190701141526/https://www.correiobraziliense.com.br/app/noticia/politica/2019/06/10/interna_politica,761721/nao-tem-orientacao-nenhuma-ali-diz-moro-antes-de-abandonar-coletiva.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> Moro became [[Ministry of Justice and Public Security (Brazil)|Minister of Justice and Public Security]] after the election of president Jair Bolsonaro. The information published by ''The Intercept'' prompted reactions both in Brazil and overseas. A group of 17 lawyers, ministers of Justice, and high court members from eight countries reacted to the leaks by describing former president Lula as a political prisoner and calling for his release.<ref name="choc">{{cite news|url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2019/08/juristas-estrangeiros-se-dizem-chocados-e-defendem-libertacao-de-lula.shtml|title=Juristas estrangeiros se dizem chocados e defendem libertação de Lula|date=11 August 2019|website=Folha de São Paulo|access-date=4 September 2019|archive-date=2 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902184917/https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2019/08/juristas-estrangeiros-se-dizem-chocados-e-defendem-libertacao-de-lula.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> United States Senator [[Bernie Sanders]] said Lula should be released and his conviction annulled. American Congressman [[Ro Khanna]] asked the Trump administration to investigate Lula's case, saying that "Moro was a bad actor and part of a larger conspiracy to send Lula to jail".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://theintercept.com/2019/06/11/brazil-lula-ro-khanna-operation-car-wash/|title=BERNIE SANDERS CALLS FOR BRAZIL'S JUDICIARY TO RELEASE LULA IN WAKE OF CORRUPTION EXPOSURE|last1=Chavez|first1=Aida|last2=Lacy|first2=Akela|date=12 June 2019|website=The Intercept|access-date=13 June 2019|archive-date=12 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190612224433/https://theintercept.com/2019/06/11/brazil-lula-ro-khanna-operation-car-wash/|url-status=live}}</ref> A number of international intellectuals, activists and political leaders, including professor [[Noam Chomsky]] and 12 US Congressmen, complained that the legal proceedings appeared to be designed to prevent Lula from running for president in 2018.<ref>[http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2018/01/1951916-deputados-americanos-divulgam-carta-de-apoio-a-lula.shtml "Deputados americanos divulgam carta de apoio a Lula,"] ''Folha de S. Paulo''. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407054058/http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2018/01/1951916-deputados-americanos-divulgam-carta-de-apoio-a-lula.shtml |date=7 April 2018 }} by Patricia C. Mello, published on 18 January 2018</ref><ref>[http://www.brasilwire.com/un-lawyer-geoffrey-robertson-to-monitor-lulas-appeal-hearing/ "UN Lawyer Geoffrey Robertson to monitor Lula's appeal hearing Brazilian justice system scrutinized by international legal community,"] ''Brasilwire''. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407053759/http://www.brasilwire.com/un-lawyer-geoffrey-robertson-to-monitor-lulas-appeal-hearing/ |date=7 April 2018 }} published by "BrasilWire" on 23 January 2018.</ref>{{Better source needed|date=June 2020}} American talk show host [[Michael Brooks (political commentator)|Michael Brooks]], a vocal advocate for Lula, opined that Lula's imprisonment and Moro's alleged political motives had rendered the results of the 2018 election "fundamentally illegitimate".<ref>{{cite web|title=500 Days in Prison For Political Prisoner Lula Da Silva As The Amazon Burns #LulaLivre (TMBS 103)|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fAEnH2iyXQY|website=YouTube| date=25 August 2019 |publisher=The Michael Brooks Show |access-date=24 July 2020 |archive-date=12 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812205224/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fAEnH2iyXQY |url-status=live}}</ref> ==== Release ==== On 8 November 2019, Lula was released from prison after 580 days when the Brazilian Supreme Court ended mandatory imprisonment of convicted criminals after their first appeal failed.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-04-05/brazil-s-former-president-lula-ordered-arrested-by-judge-moro|title=Brazilian Judge Orders Arrest of Former President Lula|publisher=Bloomberg|first1=Mario|last1=Sergio Lima|first2=Samy|last2=Adghirni|newspaper=Bloomberg.com|date=5 April 2018|access-date=6 April 2018|archive-date=9 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191009111455/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-04-05/brazil-s-former-president-lula-ordered-arrested-by-judge-moro|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/lula-verdict-plunges-brazil-into-political-chaos-ahead-of-presidential-election/2018/04/05/a215bb1a-386e-11e8-af3c-2123715f78df_story.html|title=Lula verdict plunges Brazil into political chaos ahead of presidential election|last=Lopes|first=Marina|date=5 April 2018|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=5 April 2018|language=en-US|issn=0190-8286|archive-date=5 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180405220936/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/lula-verdict-plunges-brazil-into-political-chaos-ahead-of-presidential-election/2018/04/05/a215bb1a-386e-11e8-af3c-2123715f78df_story.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=8 November 2019|title=Brazil's former president Lula walks free from prison after supreme court ruling|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/nov/08/lula-brazil-released-prison-supreme-court-ruling|access-date=18 March 2021|website=The Guardian|language=en|archive-date=15 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210315080314/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/nov/08/lula-brazil-released-prison-supreme-court-ruling|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=8 November 2019 |title=Brazil's former President Lula released from prison |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2019/11/08/americas/brazil-lula-da-silva-released-prison-intl/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108225831/https://edition.cnn.com/2019/11/08/americas/brazil-lula-da-silva-released-prison-intl/index.html |archive-date=8 November 2019 |access-date=9 November 2019 |website=CNN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Lula deixa a cadeia após 580 dias preso em Curitiba |url=https://veja.abril.com.br/politica/lula-deixa-a-cadeia-apos-580-dias-preso-em-curitiba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108210218/https://veja.abril.com.br/politica/lula-deixa-a-cadeia-apos-580-dias-preso-em-curitiba/ |archive-date=8 November 2019 |access-date=8 November 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Justiça autoriza que Lula seja libertado e deixe a PF em Curitiba |url=https://noticias.uol.com.br/politica/ultimas-noticias/2019/11/08/justica-autoriza-que-lula-seja-libertado-e-deixe-a-pf-em-curitiba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108210214/https://noticias.uol.com.br/politica/ultimas-noticias/2019/11/08/justica-autoriza-que-lula-seja-libertado-e-deixe-a-pf-em-curitiba.htm |archive-date=8 November 2019 |access-date=8 November 2019 |work=UOL}}</ref> His release allowed him to remain out of prison until all of his appeals of his corruption and money laundering convictions were exhausted.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theamericanconservative.com/the-new-brazil-embraces-the-post-american-order/|title=The New Brazil Embraces the Post-American Order|first1=The American|last1=Conservative|first2=Felipe|last2=Miguel|date=25 April 2023|website=The American Conservative|access-date=27 February 2024|archive-date=27 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240227011546/https://www.theamericanconservative.com/the-new-brazil-embraces-the-post-american-order/|url-status=live}}</ref> On 27 November, the {{ill|Federal Regional Tribunal of Region 4|pt|Tribunal Regional Federal da 4.ª Região|vertical-align=sup}} in [[Porto Alegre]] increased Lula's sentence to 17 years.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 November 2019 |title=Relator no TRF4 condena Lula a 17 anos de prisão em caso do sítio |url=http://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/justica/noticia/2019-11/relator-no-trf4-condena-lula-17-anos-de-prisao-em-caso-do-sitio |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210528184821/https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/justica/noticia/2019-11/relator-no-trf4-condena-lula-17-anos-de-prisao-em-caso-do-sitio |archive-date=28 May 2021 |access-date=19 January 2020 |website=Agência Brasil |language=pt}}</ref> On 8 March 2021, Judge [[Edson Fachin]] of the Supreme Federal Court annulled all convictions against Lula, ruling that the court in Curitiba, in [[Paraná (state)|Paraná]] state, which convicted him lacked jurisdiction to do so because the crimes he was accused of did not take place in that state, as at the time Lula resided in the capital, Brasilia.<ref name="auto4">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-56326389|title=Lula: Brazil ex-president's corruption convictions annulled|date=8 March 2021|work=BBC|access-date=23 February 2024|archive-date=27 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210327174921/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-56326389|url-status=live}}</ref> Justice Fachin said the cases against him should therefore be retried by a court in that city.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Brito |first1=Ricardo |last2=de Castro |first2=José |last3=Stargardter |first3=Gabriel |last4=McGeever |first4=Jamie |last5=Eisenhammer |first5=Stephen |date=8 March 2021 |title=Brazil judge annuls Lula's convictions, opens door to 2022 run |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-politics-lula-idUSKBN2B02F0 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210714190526/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-politics-lula-idUSKBN2B02F0 |archive-date=14 July 2021 |access-date=14 July 2021 |work=Reuters |language=en-US}}</ref> The judge did not rule as to whether Lula was guilty or not of the corruption charges.<ref name="auto4"/> On 15 April, a full Supreme Court upheld the ruling in an 8–3 decision.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 April 2021 |title=Brazil high court confirms annulment of Lula graft convictions |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210415-brazil-high-court-confirms-annulment-of-lula-graft-convictions-1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210714185851/https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210415-brazil-high-court-confirms-annulment-of-lula-graft-convictions-1 |archive-date=14 July 2021 |access-date=14 July 2021 |work=Agence France-Presse |publisher=France24 |language=en}}</ref> On 23 March 2021, the Supreme Federal Court ruled by a 3–2 decision that Moro, who had overseen Lula's trial in a case, was biased against him.<ref name="biased">{{Cite news |date=24 March 2021 |title=Lula judge was biased, Brazil supreme court rules, paving way to challenge Bolsonaro |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/mar/24/lula-judge-was-biased-brazil-supreme-court-rules-paving-way-to-challenge-bolsonaro |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210714185340/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/mar/24/lula-judge-was-biased-brazil-supreme-court-rules-paving-way-to-challenge-bolsonaro |archive-date=14 July 2021 |access-date=14 July 2021 |work=The Guardian |language=en-US |agency=Associated Press}}</ref> On 23 June it upheld the ruling in a 7–4 decision.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Brito |first=Ricardo |date=24 June 2021 |title=Brazil Supreme Court confirms ruling that judge was biased against Lula |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/brazil-supreme-court-confirms-ruling-that-judge-was-biased-against-lula-2021-06-23/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210714190347/https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/brazil-supreme-court-confirms-ruling-that-judge-was-biased-against-lula-2021-06-23/ |archive-date=14 July 2021 |access-date=14 July 2021 |work=Reuters |language=en-US}}</ref> On 24 June, Judge Gilmar Mendes of the Supreme Federal Court annulled the two other cases Moro had brought against Lula, reasoning that there was a link between them and the case in which Moro was declared biased. This meant that all evidence Moro had collected against Lula was inadmissible in court, and that fresh trials would be needed.<ref name="Gilmar">{{Cite news|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210625-brazil-judge-annuls-all-of-moro-s-cases-against-ex-president-lula|title=Brazil judge annuls all of Moro's cases against ex-president Lula|work=[[France 24]]|agency=Agence France-Presse|date=24 June 2021|access-date=15 July 2021|language=en-US|archive-date=15 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210715163021/https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210625-brazil-judge-annuls-all-of-moro-s-cases-against-ex-president-lula|url-status=live}}</ref>
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