Editing Keith Richards (section)

===Amplifiers===
Richards's amplifier preferences have changed repeatedly. However, he is a long-time proponent of using low-powered amps in the studio. He achieves  clarity plus [[distortion]] by using two amps: a larger one (such as a [[Fender Twin]]) which runs clean, along with a [[Fender Champ]], which is overdriven.{{sfn|Egan|2013|p=232}} To record "Crosseyed Heart", Richards used a stock tweed Fender Champ with 8" speaker coupled with a modified [[Fender Harvard]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.guitarworld.com/keith-richards-guitar-tech-reveals-keefs-studio-rig/25729 |title=Keith Richards' Guitar Tech Reveals Keef's Studio Rig |last=di Perna |first=Alan |magazine=Guitar World |date=29 October 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208054858/http://www.guitarworld.com/keith-richards-guitar-tech-reveals-keefs-studio-rig/25729 |archive-date=8 December 2015}}</ref>

Some of his notable amplifiers are:
*[[Mesa Boogie|Mesa/Boogie]] Mark 1 A804{{snd}}Used between 1977 and 1993, this 100-watt 1x12" combo is finished in hardwood with a wicker grille. It can be heard on the Rolling Stones albums ''[[Love You Live]]'', ''[[Some Girls]]'', ''[[Emotional Rescue]]'', and ''[[Tattoo You]]'', as well as on Richards's two solo albums, ''[[Talk is Cheap]]'' and ''Main Offender''. This amplifier was handcrafted by Randall Smith and delivered to Richards in March 1977.<ref name=mocambo>{{cite web |title=Keef's '77&nbsp;Mar&nbsp;k 1 El Mocambo Boogie |url=http://homepage.mac.com/mesaboogie/Keef/Keef%20Boogie.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081230141011/http://homepage.mac.com/mesaboogie/Keef/Keef%20Boogie.html |archive-date=30 December 2008}}</ref>
*Fender Twin{{snd}}Since the 1990s, Richards has tended to use a variety of Fender "tweed" Twins on stage. Containing a pair of 12" speakers, the Fender Twin was, by 1958, an 80-watt all-tube guitar amplifier. Richards has utilised a pair of Fender Twins "to achieve his signature clean/dirty rhythm and lead sound."<ref>{{cite web |title=1958 Fender Strat & 1959 Fender Twin |url=http://www.premierguitar.com/Magazine/Issue/2009/Nov/1958_Fender_Strat_1959_Fender_Twin.aspx |website=Premierguitar.com |access-date=11 December 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091222235715/http://www.premierguitar.com/Magazine/Issue/2009/Nov/1958_Fender_Strat_1959_Fender_Twin.aspx |archive-date=22 December 2009}}</ref>
*[[Fender Showman|Fender Dual Showman]]{{snd}}First acquired in 1964. Richards made frequent use of his blackface Dual Showman amp through mid-1966. Used to record ''[[The Rolling Stones, Now!]]'', ''[[Out of Our Heads]]'', ''[[December's Children]]'', and ''[[Aftermath (Rolling Stones album)|Aftermath]]'' before switching over to various prototype amplifiers from [[Vox (musical equipment)|Vox]] in 1967 and the fairly new [[Hiwatt]] in 1968.<ref name=Amps>{{cite web |url=https://equipboard.com/pros/keith-richards?page=2 |title=Keith Richards's Guitars and Amps |work=Equipboard.com}}</ref>
*Ampeg SVT{{snd}}With 350 watts, the Ampeg SVT amp's midrange control, midrange shift switch, input pads, treble control with bright switch shaped the guitar sound of 1970s live Stones. Used live by the Stones for guitar, bass, and organ (Leslie) from 1969 to 1978. For a brief period in 1972 and 1973, Ampeg V4 and VT40 amps shared duties in the studio with Fender Twin and Deluxe Reverb amps.<ref name=Amps/>