Editing Kaliningrad Oblast (section)

==Economy==
[[File:Curonian Spit NP 05-2017 img17 aerial view at Epha Dune.jpg|thumb|[[Curonian Spit]] in Kaliningrad Oblast]]
In 2022, the [[gross regional domestic product]] of Kaliningrad Oblast was [[Russian Ruble|₽]] 738 billion or US$ 10.6 billion and around US$10,000 per capita.<ref name=ru>{{citation 
|url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/VRP_s_1998.xlsx 
|title=Валовой региональный продукт по субъектам Российской Федерации в 1998-2022 гг. 
|publisher=rosstat.gov.ru 
|access-date=19 September 2023 
|archive-date=31 March 2023 
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331184235/https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/VRP_s_1998.xlsx 
|url-status=live 
}}</ref>

The existence of the oblast's ice-free port and proximity to the [[European Union]] are economic advantages.{{Cn|date=February 2025}} It also has the world's largest deposits of [[amber]]. The region has developed its tourism infrastructure and promotes attractions such as the [[Curonian Spit]].<ref name="allregions">{{cite book|title=Russia: All Regions Trade & Investment Guide|publisher=CTEC Publishing LLC|year=2008|chapter=Kaliningrad Region – Introduction|chapter-url=http://www.russiasregions.com/north_ossetia_alania.html|access-date=5 June 2009|archive-date=2 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091002035740/http://www.russiasregions.com/north_ossetia_alania.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

To address the oblast's high rate of unemployment, in 1996 Russian authorities granted the oblast a special economic status that provided tax incentives intended to attract investors. The oblast's economy benefited substantially and boomed. A US$45&nbsp;million airport terminal was opened. The European Commission provided funds for business projects under its special program for the region. Both economic output and trade with the countries of the EU increased.<ref name="bbcprofile">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/country_profiles/6177003.stm|title=Regions and territories: Kaliningrad|date=15 May 2009|work=BBC News|access-date=5 June 2009|archive-date=6 August 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090806195641/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/country_profiles/6177003.stm|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Industry===
Car and truck assembly ([[General Motors|GM]], [[BMW]], [[Kia Motors|Kia]], [[Nanjing Automobile|Yuejin]] by [[Avtotor]]) and the production of auto parts are major industries in Kaliningrad Oblast. There are shipbuilding facilities in Kaliningrad and [[Sovetsk, Kaliningrad Oblast|Sovetsk]]. Food processing is a mature industry in the region, with [[Miratorg]] operating a sizeable food processing factory. [[OKB Fakel]], a world leader in the field of [[Hall thruster]] development, as well as a leading Russian developer and manufacturer of electric propulsion systems, is based in [[Neman (town)|Neman]]. The company employs 960 people.<ref name="main">{{cite web|url=http://users.gazinter.net/fakel/index_eng.html |title=EDB Fakel |publisher=OKB Fakel |access-date=4 June 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091012095159/http://users.gazinter.net/fakel/index_eng.html |archive-date=12 October 2009 }}</ref><ref name="janes">{{cite web|url=http://www.janes.com/articles/Janes-Space-Systems-and-Industry/OKB-Fakel-Russian-Federation.html|title=OKB Fakel (Russian Federation)|date=17 December 2008|publisher=Jane's Space Systems and Industry|access-date=4 June 2009}}</ref>{{Obsolete source|date=February 2025}} General Satellite (GS) is the biggest employer in Gusev city, manufacturing products such as satellite receivers, cardboard packaging, and [[nanomaterials]].

===Natural resources===
More than 90% of the world's known [[amber]] deposits are in Kaliningrad Oblast.<ref>[http://science.enotes.com/how-products-encyclopedia/amber How Products Are Made: Amber] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070811121944/http://science.enotes.com/how-products-encyclopedia/amber |date=11 August 2007 }}</ref> Because of this, many Russians refer to the region as "Amber Land" ({{Langx|ru|Янтарный Край|translit=Jantarny Krai}}). Until recently, raw amber was exported for processing to other countries. In 2013, the Russian government banned the export of raw amber in order to boost the amber processing industry in Russia.<ref>[https://leta.st/blog/2016/08/history-of-russian-amber-2/ "The History of Russian Amber, Part 2: From USSR to Russia"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315070511/https://leta.st/blog/2016/08/history-of-russian-amber-2/ |date=15 March 2018 }}, Leta.st</ref>

There are small oil reservoirs beneath the Baltic Sea not far from Kaliningrad's shore. Small-scale offshore exploration started in 2004. Poland, Lithuania, and some local [[NGO]]s voiced concerns about possible environmental effects.

===Fishing===
Fishing is an important regional industry,{{Cn|date=February 2025}} with big fishing ports in Kaliningrad and [[Pionersky, Kaliningrad Oblast|Pionersky]]. There are smaller fishing ports in [[Svetly, Kaliningrad Oblast|Svetly]] and [[Rybachy, Kaliningrad Oblast|Rybachy]].

===Power generation===
[[File:Калининградская ТЭЦ-2.jpg|thumb|[[Combined heat and power]] plant 2]]
With the desynchronization of the electricity systems of Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia from the [[IPS/UPS|Russian UPS synchronous area]] in February 2025, and their subsequent connection to the [[Continental Europe Synchronous Area]] via Poland, the Kaliningrad electrical grid became [[islanding|islanded]] from any other system.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-02-09/baltics-unplug-from-russian-grid-to-gain-energy-independence|title=Baltics Unplug From Russian Grid to Gain Energy Independence|author=Milda Seputyte|date=February 9, 2025|work=[[Bloomberg News]]}}</ref>

Average yearly power consumption in the Kaliningrad Oblast was 3.5&nbsp;[[terawatt-hour|TWh]] in 2004, of which local power generation provided just 0.235&nbsp;TWh. The balance was imported from neighbouring countries. A new Kaliningrad power station was built in 2005, providing 50% of the oblast's energy needs. This station was expanded in 2010, making the oblast independent from electricity imports.

In 2008, planning began for the construction of two [[Kaliningrad Nuclear Power Plant|nuclear power reactors]], with costs estimated at €5&nbsp;billion (US$8&nbsp;billion).<ref>{{Cite news|date=17 April 2008|title=Kaliningrad plan for Baltic States market|work=World Nuclear News|url=https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Kaliningrad-plan-for-Baltic-States-market|access-date=31 May 2021|archive-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602215042/https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Kaliningrad-plan-for-Baltic-States-market|url-status=live}}</ref> The project was suspended in May 2013. In 2014, the project was abandoned in response to environmental concerns and lack of support.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Prak|first=Caroline|date=24 April 2014|title=Victoire ! Le projet de centrale nucléaire à Kaliningrad est enterré|language=fr|work={{ill|Les Amis de la Terre|fr}}|url=https://www.amisdelaterre.org/communique-presse/victoire-le-projet-de-centrale-nucleaire-a-kaliningrad-est-enterre/|access-date=31 May 2021|archive-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602215755/https://www.amisdelaterre.org/communique-presse/victoire-le-projet-de-centrale-nucleaire-a-kaliningrad-est-enterre/|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[LNG]] from St. Petersburg supplied some of the energy in the Oblast.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gazprom launches floating LNG terminal in Kaliningrad |url=https://www.constructionboxscore.com/project-news/gazprom-launches-floating-lng-terminal-in-kaliningrad.aspx |website=www.constructionboxscore.com |access-date=7 February 2023 |archive-date=7 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207235618/https://www.constructionboxscore.com/project-news/gazprom-launches-floating-lng-terminal-in-kaliningrad.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref>