Editing Jurassic (section)

==== Other seed plants ====
Although there have been several claimed records, there are no widely accepted Jurassic fossil records of [[flowering plant]]s, which make up 90% of living plant species, and fossil evidence suggests that the group diversified during the following Cretaceous.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bateman|first=Richard M|date=2020-01-01|editor-last=Ort|editor-first=Donald|title=Hunting the Snark: the flawed search for mythical Jurassic angiosperms|url=https://academic.oup.com/jxb/article/71/1/22/5571867|journal=Journal of Experimental Botany|language=en|volume=71|issue=1|pages=22–35|doi=10.1093/jxb/erz411|issn=0022-0957|pmid=31538196}}</ref>

The earliest known [[gnetophytes]], one of the four main living groups of [[gymnosperm]]s, appeared by the end of the Jurassic, with the oldest unequivocal gnetophyte being the seed ''[[Dayvaultia]]'' from the Late Jurassic of North America.<ref name="Coiro-2022">{{Cite journal |last1=Coiro |first1=Mario |last2=Roberts |first2=Emily A. |last3=Hofmann |first3=Christa-Ch. |last4=Seyfullah |first4=Leyla J. |date=2022-12-14 |title=Cutting the long branches: Consilience as a path to unearth the evolutionary history of Gnetales |journal=Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution |volume=10 |pages=1082639 |doi=10.3389/fevo.2022.1082639 |issn=2296-701X |doi-access=free |bibcode=2022FrEEv..1082639C }}</ref>[[File:Sagenopteris phillipsi Natural History Museum v18596 Retallack 1980.jpg|thumb|''[[Sagenopteris phillipsii|Sagenopteris phillipsi]]'' ([[Caytoniales]]) from the Middle Jurassic of Yorkshire, England|alt=A fossil leaf, four elongate leaves branch off from the same point on the stem]]
"Seed ferns" ([[Pteridospermatophyta]]) is a collective term to refer to disparate lineages of fern like plants that produce seeds but have uncertain affinities to living [[Spermatophyte|seed plant]] groups. A prominent group of Jurassic seed ferns is the [[Caytoniales]], which reached their zenith during the Jurassic, with widespread records in the Northern Hemisphere, though records in the Southern Hemisphere remain rare. Due to their [[berry]]-like seed-bearing capsules, they have often been suggested to have been closely related or perhaps ancestral to flowering plants, but the evidence for this is inconclusive.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Elgorriaga|first1=Andrés|last2=Escapa|first2=Ignacio H.|last3=Cúneo|first3=N. Rubén|date=2019-09-02|title=Southern Hemisphere Caytoniales: vegetative and reproductive remains from the Lonco Trapial Formation (Lower Jurassic), Patagonia|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14772019.2018.1535456|journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology|language=en|volume=17|issue=17|pages=1477–1495|doi=10.1080/14772019.2018.1535456|bibcode=2019JSPal..17.1477E |s2cid=92287804|issn=1477-2019}}</ref> [[Corystospermaceae|Corystosperm]]-aligned seed ferns, such as ''[[Pachypteris]]'' and ''[[Komlopteris]]'' were widespread across both hemispheres during the Jurassic.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Slodownik |first1=Miriam |last2=Hill |first2=Robert S. |last3=McLoughlin |first3=Stephen |date=October 2023 |title=Komlopteris: A persistent lineage of post-Triassic corystosperms in Gondwana |journal=Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology |language=en |volume=317 |pages=104950 |doi=10.1016/j.revpalbo.2023.104950|bibcode=2023RPaPa.31704950S |s2cid=260015702 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

[[Czekanowskiales]], also known as Leptostrobales, are a group of seed plants uncertain affinities with persistent heavily dissected leaves borne on deciduous short shoots, subtended by scale-like leaves, known from the Late Triassic (possibly Late Permian<ref name="Kustatscher-2019">{{Cite journal|last1=Kustatscher|first1=Evelyn|last2=Visscher|first2=Henk|last3=van Konijnenburg-van Cittert|first3=Johanna H. A.|date=2019-09-01|title=Did the Czekanowskiales already exist in the late Permian?|journal=PalZ|language=en|volume=93|issue=3|pages=465–477|doi=10.1007/s12542-019-00468-9|s2cid=199473893|issn=1867-6812|doi-access=free|bibcode=2019PalZ...93..465K }}</ref>) to Cretaceous.<ref name="Taylor-2009">{{Citation|last=Taylor|first=T|title=Gymnosperms with obscure affinities|date=2009|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/B978012373972800019X|work=Biology and Evolution of Fossil Plants|pages=757–785|publisher=Elsevier|language=en|doi=10.1016/b978-0-12-373972-8.00019-x|isbn=978-0-12-373972-8|access-date=2020-12-13}}</ref> They are thought to have had a tree- or shrub-like habit and formed a conspicuous component of Northern Hemisphere Mesozoic temperate and warm-temperate floras.<ref name="Kustatscher-2019" /> The genus ''[[Phoenicopsis]]'' was widespread in Early-Middle Jurassic floras of Eastern Asia and Siberia.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Sun|first1=Chunlin|last2=Li|first2=Yunfeng|last3=Dilcher|first3=David L.|last4=Wang|first4=Hongshan|last5=Li|first5=Tao|last6=Na|first6=Yuling|last7=Wang|first7=Anping|date=November 2015|title=An introductory report on the biodiversity of Middle Jurassic Phoenicopsis (Czekanowskiales) from the Ordos Basin, China|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2095927316302869|journal=Science Bulletin|language=en|volume=60|issue=21|pages=1858–1865|doi=10.1007/s11434-015-0904-y|bibcode=2015SciBu..60.1858S|s2cid=140617907}}</ref>

The [[Pentoxylales]], a small but clearly distinct group of [[liana]]-like seed plants of obscure affinities, first appeared during the Jurassic. Their distribution appears to have been confined to Eastern Gondwana.<ref>Pattemore, G.A., Rigby, J.F. and Playford, G., 2015. Triassic-Jurassic pteridosperms of Australasia: speciation, diversity and decline. Boletín Geológico y Minero, 126 (4): 689–722</ref>