Editing Jupiter (god) (section)

==== Viniculture and wine ====
Festivals of [[viniculture]] and wine were devoted to Jupiter, since grapes were particularly susceptible to adverse weather.{{sfnp|Wissowa|1912|pp=101–102}} Dumézil describes wine as a "kingly" drink with the power to inebriate and exhilarate, analogous to the Vedic [[Soma (deity)|Soma]].{{sfnp|Dumézil|1977|p=174}}

Three Roman festivals were connected with viniculture and wine.

The rustic ''[[Vinalia]] altera'' on 19 August asked for good weather for ripening the grapes before harvest.<ref>{{harvp|Wissowa|1912|page=101}}, citing Pliny ''NH'' XVIII 289: "This festival day was established for the placation (i. e. averting) of storms", "''Hunc diem festum tempestatibus leniendis institutum''".</ref> When the grapes were ripe,<ref>{{harvp|Wissowa|1912}}, citing [[Pandects|Digest]] II 12, 4.</ref> a sheep was sacrificed to Jupiter and the ''flamen Dialis'' cut the first of the grape harvest.{{sfnp|Dumézil|1977|p=173}}{{sfnp|Wissowa|1912|page=102}}

The [[Meditrinalia]] on 11 October marked the end of the grape harvest; the new wine was [[pressed (wine)|pressed]], tasted and mixed with old wine<ref>{{harvp|Wissowa|1912|pages=101–102}}, citing Varro ''De Lingua Latina'' VI 21 ''Novum vetus vinum bibo, novo veteri morbo medeor''.</ref> to control fermentation. In the ''Fasti Amiternini'', this festival is assigned to Jupiter. Later Roman sources invented a goddess ''Meditrina'', probably to explain the name of the festival.<ref>G. Dumézil, ''Fêtes romaines d' été et d' automne'', Paris, 1975, pp. 97–108.</ref>

At the ''[[Vinalia]] urbana'' on 23 April, new wine was offered to Jupiter.{{efn|In Roman legend Aeneas vowed all of that year's wine of Latium to Jupiter before the battle with [[Mezentius]]<ref>cf. {{harvp|Dumézil|1977|p=173}}; Ovid ''Fasti'' IV, 863 ff.</ref>}} Large quantities of it were poured into a ditch near the temple of [[Venus Erycina]], which was located on the Capitol.<ref>{{harvp|Wissowa|1912|page=102}}, citing Varro ''De Lingua Latina'' VI 16; Pliny ''Naturalis historia'' XVIII 287; Ovid ''Fasti'' IV, 863 ff; Paulus p. 65 and 374 M.</ref>