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===Barrier jet=== A barrier jet in the low levels forms just upstream of mountain chains, with the mountains forcing the jet to be oriented parallel to the mountains. The mountain barrier increases the [[Wind#Wind force scale|strength]] of the low level wind by 45 percent.<ref>J. D. Doyle. [http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=2721180 The influence of mesoscale orography on a coastal jet and rainband.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120106231443/http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=2721180 |date=6 January 2012 }} Retrieved on 25 December 2008.</ref> In the North American [[Great Plains]] a southerly low-level jet helps fuel overnight thunderstorm activity during the warm season, normally in the form of [[mesoscale convective system]]s which form during the overnight hours.<ref>Matt Kumijan, Jeffry Evans, and Jared Guyer. [http://www.spc.noaa.gov/publications/evans/kumjian.pdf The Relationship of the Great Plains Low-Level Jet to Nocturnal MCS Development.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080530032314/http://www.spc.noaa.gov/publications/evans/kumjian.pdf |date=30 May 2008 }} Retrieved on 8 May 2008.</ref> A similar phenomenon develops across Australia, which pulls moisture poleward from the [[Coral Sea]] towards cut-off lows which form mainly across southwestern portions of the [[continent]].<ref>L. Qi, L.M. Leslie, and S.X. Zhao. [https://archive.today/20130105053537/http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/68500464/abstract?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0 Cut-off low pressure systems over southern Australia: climatology and case study.] Retrieved on 8 May 2008.</ref>
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