Editing Józef Piłsudski (section)

==Legacy==
{{rquote|right|I am not going to dictate to you what you write about my life and work. I only ask that you not make me out to be a 'whiner and sentimentalist.'|author=Józef Piłsudski, 1908{{r|Urbank97_133–41}}|align=center}}

On 13 May 1935, in accordance with Piłsudski's last wishes, [[Edward Rydz-Śmigły]] was named by Poland's president and government to be [[Inspector general|Inspector General]] of the [[Polish Armed Forces]], and on 10 November 1936, he was elevated to [[Marshal of Poland]].{{sfn|Jabłonowski|Stawecki|1998|p=13}} As the Polish government became increasingly authoritarian and conservative, the Rydz-Śmigły faction was opposed by the more moderate [[Ignacy Mościcki]], who remained President.{{r|JabStaw98_14}} Although Rydz-Śmigły reconciled with the President in 1938, the ruling group remained divided into the "President's Men", mostly civilians (the "Castle Group", after the President's official residence, [[Warsaw's Royal Castle]]), and the "Marshal's Men" ("[[Piłsudski's colonels]]"), professional military officers and Piłsudski's old comrades-in-arms.<ref name="AjnenkielDrzycimski19912">{{cite book|author1=Andrzej Ajnenkiel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MUFFAAAAIAAJ|title=Prezydenci Polski|author2=Andrzej Drzycimski|author3=Janina Paradowska|publisher=Wydawn. Sejmowe|year=1991|page=62|isbn = 9788370590000|language=pl|quote=grupa pułkowników, zespół wywodzących się z wojska najbliższych współpracowników Marszałka, takich jak płk Sławek czy płk Prystor; ich koncepcje różniły się wyraźnie od stanowiska zajmowanego przez prezydenta.}}</ref> Some of this political division would continue in the [[Polish government-in-exile]] after the German [[invasion of Poland]] in 1939.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Dworski|first=Michał|title=Republic in Exile ͵ Political Life of Polish Emigration in United Kingdom After Second World War|url=https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=700313|journal=Toruńskie Studia Międzynarodowe|year=2018|language=en|volume=1|issue=10|pages=101–110|doi=10.12775/TSM.2017.008|issn=2391-7601|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Pra ż mowska|first=Anita|date=1 July 2013|title=The Polish Underground Resistance During the Second World War: A Study in Political Disunity During Occupation|url=https://doi.org/10.1177/0265691413490495|journal=European History Quarterly|language=en|volume=43|issue=3|pages=464–488|doi=10.1177/0265691413490495|s2cid=220737108 |issn=0265-6914}}</ref>

[[File:Side View of the Józef Piłsudski Monument in Piłsudski Square.jpg|thumb|right|upright|[[Józef Piłsudski Monument in Warsaw (Piłsudski Square)|Statue of Piłsudski]] on Warsaw's [[Piłsudski Square]]—one of many [[statuary]] tributes throughout Poland]]

After World War II, little of Piłsudski's political ideology influenced the policies of the [[Polish People's Republic]], a ''de facto'' [[satellite state|satellite]] of the [[Soviet Union]].<ref>{{harvnb|Charaszkiewicz|2000|p=56}}</ref> For a decade after World War II, Piłsudski was either ignored or condemned by Poland's Communist government, along with the entire interwar [[Second Polish Republic]]. This began to change after [[de-Stalinization]] and the [[Polish October]] in 1956, and historiography in Poland gradually moved away from a purely negative view of Piłsudski toward a more balanced and neutral assessment.{{r|Władyka+Żuławnik}} After the 1991 [[dissolution of the Soviet Union]], Piłsudski once again came to be publicly acknowledged as a Polish national hero.<ref name="Roshwald"/> On the sixtieth anniversary of his death on 12 May 1995, Poland's Sejm adopted a resolution: <blockquote>"Józef Piłsudski will remain, in our nation's memory, the founder of its independence and the victorious leader who fended off a foreign assault that threatened the whole of Europe and its civilization. Józef Piłsudski served his country well and has entered our history forever."<ref name="Sejm1995" /> </blockquote>Piłsudski continues to be viewed by most Poles as a providential figure in the country's 20th-century history.<ref name="KoppNizynska2012">{{cite book|author1=K. Kopp|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WZpmAQAAQBAJ&pg=PT121|title=Germany, Poland and Postmemorial Relations: In Search of a Livable Past|author2=J. Nizynska|date=7 May 2012|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-1-137-05205-6|pages=120–121}}</ref><ref name="ErsoyG¢rny2010">{{cite book|author1=Ahmet Ersoy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8j-Uemo6SfoC&pg=PA407|title=Modernism: The Creation of Nation-States: Discourses of Collective Identity in Central and Southeast Europe 1770?1945: Texts and Commentaries, Volume III/1|author2=Maciej G¢rny|author3=Vangelis Kechriotis|date=1 January 2010|publisher=Central European University Press|isbn=978-963-7326-61-5|page=407}}</ref>

[[File:Pilsudski carricature by Szwajcer.PNG|thumb|upright|Contemporary [[caricature]] of Józef Piłsudski by [[Jerzy Szwajcer]]]]
Several military units have been named for Piłsudski, including the [[1st Legions Infantry Division (Poland)|1st Legions Infantry Division]], [[Armoured trains of Poland|armoured train No. 51]] ("''I Marszałek''"—"the First Marshal"),<ref name="PIBWL"/> and the Romanian [[634th Infantry Battalion (Romania)|634th Infantry Battalion]].<ref>{{cite web|title=De ce Batalionul 634 Infanterie din Piatra-Neamț se numește "Mareşal Józef Piłsudski"?|url=https://www.ziarpiatraneamt.ro/de-ce-batalionul-634-infanterie-din-piatra-neamt-se-numeste-maresal-jozef-pilsudski|language=ro|website=ziarpiatraneamt.ro|date=6 December 2021}}</ref> Also named for Piłsudski have been [[Piłsudski's Mound]], one of four-man-made [[mound]]s in [[Kraków]];<ref name="mound" /> the [[Józef Piłsudski Institute of America]], a New York City research center and museum on the modern [[history of Poland]];<ref name="Institute" /> the [[Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw]];<ref name="MON" /> a passenger ship, {{MS|Piłsudski}}; a gunboat, {{ORP|Komendant Piłsudski}}; and a racehorse, ''[[Pilsudski (horse)|Pilsudski]]''. Many Polish cities [[:pl:Kategoria:Ulice i place nazwane imieniem Józefa Piłsudskiego|have their own "Piłsudski Street"]].<ref name="Smele2015">{{cite book|author=Jonathan D. Smele|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QwquCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA872|title=Historical Dictionary of the Russian Civil Wars, 1916-1926|date=19 November 2015|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|isbn=978-1-4422-5281-3|page=872}}</ref> There are statues of Piłsudski in many Polish cities; Warsaw, which has three in little more than a mile between the [[Belweder]] Palace, Piłsudski's residence, and [[Piłsudski Square]].<ref name="Smele2015" /> In 2020, Piłsudski's manor house in Sulejówek opened as a museum as part of the celebrations of the one hundredth anniversary of the [[Battle of Warsaw (1920)|Battle of Warsaw]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thefirstnews.com/article/house-and-home-pilsudskis-old-manor-opens-as-museum-14922 |title=House and home: Piłsudski's old manor opens as museum |access-date=16 August 2020}}</ref>

Piłsudski has been a character in numerous works of fiction, a trend already visible during his lifetime,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Ujma|first= Martyna|editor-last=Krywoszeja|editor-first=Igor|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i65fzgEACAAJ|title=Polsko-ukraińskie spotkania z Klio|editor-last2=Morawiec|editor-first2=Norbert|editor-last3=Terszak|editor-first3=Rafał|last4=Historyczne)|editor-first4=Oddział |editor-last4=Częstochowa|date=2016|publisher=Polskie Towarzystwo Historyczne. Oddział Częstochowa|isbn=978-83-947379-1-7|pages=61–76|language=pl|chapter=Od nadziei do rozczarowania - Józef Piłsudski w międzywojennej literaturze (na wybranych przykładach)}}</ref> including the 1922 novel ''Generał Barcz'' (General Barcz) by [[Juliusz Kaden-Bandrowski]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Goss|first=Łukasz|date=2008|title="Okno na Barcza" (o powieści Juliusza Kadena-Bandrowskiego "Generał Barcz")|url=http://cejsh.icm.edu.pl/cejsh/element/bwmeta1.element.hdl_11089_10754|journal=Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica|language=en|volume=11|issn=2353-1908}}</ref> Later works in which he is featured include the 2007 novel ''[[Ice (Dukaj novel)|Ice]]'' (''Lód'') by [[Jacek Dukaj]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ryrych|first=Tomasz|date=2019|title=Biały steampunk – dwa oblicza carskiej Rosji. "Lód" Jacka Dukaja i cykl opowiadań o doktorze Skórzewskim Andrzeja Pilipiuka|url=https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=819574|journal=Creatio Fantastica|language=Polish|volume=60|issue=1|pages=97–114|issn=2300-2514}}</ref> Poland's [[National Library of Poland|National Library]] lists over 500 publications related to Piłsudski;<ref>{{cite web|url=https://katalogi.bn.org.pl/discovery/search?query=any,contains,Pi%C5%82sudski&tab=LibraryCatalog&search_scope=MyInstitution&vid=48OMNIS_NLOP:48OMNIS_NLOP&lang=en&offset=0|title=Piłsudski (keyword)|work=National Library Of Poland|access-date=15 January 2008}}</ref> the U.S. [[Library of Congress]], over 300.<ref name="Library of Congress Online Catalog" /> Piłsudski's life was the subject of a 2001 Polish television documentary, ''Marszałek Piłsudski'', directed by Andrzej Trzos-Rastawiecki.<ref name="Mazierska2007">{{cite book|author=Ewa Mazierska|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fEaaNtRd9T8C&pg=PA122|title=Polish Postcommunist Cinema: From Pavement Level|publisher=Peter Lang|year=2007|isbn=978-3-03910-529-8|page=122}}</ref> He was also the subject of paintings by artists such as [[Jacek Malczewski]] (1916) and [[Wojciech Kossak]] (leaning on his sword, 1928; and astride his horse, ''[[Kasztanka]]'', 1928), as well as photos and caricatures.<ref name="Milewska1998">{{cite book|author=Wacława Milewska|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5OdwAAAAIAAJ|title=Legiony Polskie 1914–1918: zarys historii militarnej i politycznej|publisher=Księg. Akademicka|year=1998|isbn=978-83-7188-228-9|page=14}}</ref><ref name="JedrzejewiczCisek1998">{{cite book|author1=Wacław Jedrzejewicz|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iBIsAQAAMAAJ|title=Kalendarium życia Józefa Piłsudskiego: 1867-1935. 1918-1926. TomII|author2=Janusz Cisek|publisher=Oficyna wydawnicza RYTM|year=1998|isbn=978-83-86678-97-6|page=337}}</ref> He has been reported to be quite fond of the latter.<ref name="Szałapak2005">{{cite book|author=[[Anna Szałapak]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7f1oAAAAMAAJ|title=Legends and mysteries of Cracow: from King Krak to Piotr Skrzynecki|publisher=Muzeum Historyczne Miasta Krakowa|year=2005|isbn=9788389599070|page=193|quote=Piłsudski... bardzo lubił karykatury na swój temat.}}</ref>