Editing Italy (section)

== Economy ==
{{Main|Economy of Italy}}
{{See also|List of largest Italian companies}}
Italy has an advanced<ref>{{Cite web|title=Select Country or Country Groups|url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/02/weodata/weoselgr.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171022143402/https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/02/weodata/weoselgr.aspx|archive-date=22 October 2017|access-date=22 October 2017}}</ref> [[mixed economy]] that is the third-largest in the [[eurozone]] and [[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|13th-largest]] in the world by [[purchasing power parity]]-adjusted [[Gross domestic product|GDP]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=28 April 2017|title=Gross domestic product (2015) |url=http://databank.worldbank.org/data/download/GDP.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201165545/http://databank.worldbank.org/data/download/GDP.pdf|archive-date=1 February 2017|access-date=17 May 2017|website=The World Bank: World Development Indicators database|publisher=World Bank}}</ref> It has the [[List of countries by total wealth|ninth-largest national wealth]] and the [[List of countries by gold reserve holdings|third-largest central bank gold reserve]]. As a founding member of the [[G7]], the eurozone, and the [[OECD]], it is one of the most industrialised nations and a leading country in [[international trade]].<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Sensenbrenner|first1=Frank|last2=Arcelli|first2=Angelo Federico|title=Italy's Economy Is Much Stronger Than It Seems|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/frank-sensenbrenner/italy-economy_b_3401988.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141206190937/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/frank-sensenbrenner/italy-economy_b_3401988.html|archive-date=6 December 2014|access-date=25 November 2014|work=HuffPost}}; {{Cite news|last1=Dadush|first1=Uri|title=Is the Italian Economy on the Mend?|url=http://carnegieeurope.eu/publications/?fa=50565&reloadFlag=1|access-date=25 November 2014|publisher=[[Carnegie Endowment for International Peace|Carnegie Europe]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713124951/http://carnegieeurope.eu/publications/?fa=50565&reloadFlag=1|archive-date=13 July 2015}}; {{Cite web|title=Doing Business in Italy: 2014 Country Commercial Guide for U.S. Companies |url=http://www.export.gov/italy/static/2014%20CCG%20Italy_Latest_eg_it_076513.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715152504/http://www.export.gov/italy/static/2014%20CCG%20Italy_Latest_eg_it_076513.pdf|archive-date=15 July 2014|access-date=25 November 2014|publisher=[[United States Commercial Service]]}}</ref> It is a [[developed country]] ranked 30th on the [[List of countries by Human Development Index|Human Development Index]]. It performs well in [[life expectancy]], [[Healthcare in Italy|healthcare]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=The World Health Organization's ranking of the world's health systems|url=http://www.photius.com/rankings/healthranks.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100105190014/http://www.photius.com/rankings/healthranks.html|archive-date=5 January 2010|access-date=7 September 2015|publisher=Photius.com}}</ref> and [[Education Index|education]]. The country is well known for its creative and innovative businesses,<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Global Creativity Index 2011 |url=http://martinprosperity.org/media/GCI%20Report%20Sep%202011.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140930054555/http://martinprosperity.org/media/GCI%20Report%20Sep%202011.pdf|archive-date=30 September 2014|access-date=26 November 2014|publisher=Martin Prosperity Institute}}</ref> a competitive agricultural sector<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Aksoy|first1=M. Ataman|last2=Ng|first2=Francis|title=The Evolution of Agricultural Trade Flows|url=https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/3793/WPS5308.pdf?sequence=1|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129120448/https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/3793/WPS5308.pdf?sequence=1|archive-date=29 November 2014|access-date=25 November 2014|publisher=[[World Bank|The World Bank]]}}</ref> (with the world's [[List of countries by wine production|largest wine production]]),<ref>{{Cite news|last=Pisa|first=Nick|date=12 June 2011|title=Italy overtakes France to become world's largest wine producer|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/foodanddrink/wine/8571222/Italy-overtakes-France-to-become-worlds-largest-wine-producer.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110903021833/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/foodanddrink/wine/8571222/Italy-overtakes-France-to-become-worlds-largest-wine-producer.html|archive-date=3 September 2011|access-date=17 August 2011|work=The Telegraph}}</ref> and for its influential and high-quality automobile, machinery, food, design, and fashion industries.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Automotive Market Sector Profile – Italy|url=http://www.enterprisecanadanetwork.ca/_uploads/resources/Automotive-Market-Sector-Profile-Italy.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141205163959/http://www.enterprisecanadanetwork.ca/_uploads/resources/Automotive-Market-Sector-Profile-Italy.pdf|archive-date=5 December 2014|access-date=26 November 2014|publisher=[[Trade Commissioner Service|The Canadian Trade Commissioner Service]]}}; {{Cite web|title=Data & Trends of the European Food and Drink Industry 2013–2014 |url=http://www.fooddrinkeurope.eu/uploads/publications_documents/Data__Trends_of_the_European_Food_and_Drink_Industry_2013-2014.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141206010318/http://www.fooddrinkeurope.eu/uploads/publications_documents/Data__Trends_of_the_European_Food_and_Drink_Industry_2013-2014.pdf|archive-date=6 December 2014|access-date=26 November 2014|publisher=[[FoodDrinkEurope]]}}; {{Cite news|date=10 January 2014|title=Italy fashion industry back to growth in 2014 |url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-italy-fashion-growth-idUKBREA0912220140110|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141205114140/http://uk.reuters.com/article/2014/01/10/uk-italy-fashion-growth-idUKBREA0912220140110|archive-date=5 December 2014|access-date=26 November 2014|work=Reuters}}</ref>
[[File:Milan skyline skyscrapers of Porta Nuova business district.jpg|thumb|[[Milan]] is the economic capital of Italy<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 May 2018|title=Milan, Italy's Industrial and Financial Capital|url=https://www.prologis.it/en/industrial-logistics-warehouse-space/europe/italy/milan-italys-industrial-and-financial-capital|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707141649/https://www.prologis.it/en/industrial-logistics-warehouse-space/europe/italy/milan-italys-industrial-and-financial-capital|archive-date=7 July 2022|access-date=27 May 2022}}</ref> and a global [[financial centre]] and [[fashion capital]].]]
[[File:Siena, Piazza Salimbeni (Bank Monte dei Paschi di Siena) (38588876202).jpg|thumb|[[Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena]], founded in 1472, is the world's [[List of oldest banks|oldest or second oldest bank in continuous operation]].]]
[[File:The Eni building, Quartiere XXXII Europa, Roma, Lazio, Italy - panoramio.jpg|thumb|[[Eni]] is considered one of the world's oil and gas [[Big Oil|supermajors]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/oil-gas-and-mining/spotlight-sharpens/|title=The spotlight sharpens: Eni and corruption in Republic of Congo's oil sector|website=Global Witness|access-date=27 April 2020|archive-date=25 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230725204616/https://www.globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/oil-gas-and-mining/spotlight-sharpens/|url-status=dead}}</ref>]]

Italy is the world's [[List of countries by manufacturing output|eight-largest manufacturing country]] and the second-largest in Europe,<ref>"[http://databank.worldbank.org/data/reports.aspx?source=2&series=NV.IND.MANF.KD&country= Manufacturing, value added (current US$)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010152014/http://databank.worldbank.org/data/reports.aspx?source=2&series=NV.IND.MANF.KD&country=|date=10 October 2017}}". Retrieved 17 May 2017.</ref> characterised by fewer multinational corporations than other economies of comparable size and many dynamic [[small and medium-sized enterprises]], clustered in industrial districts, which are the backbone of Italian industry. This has produced a niche-markets manufacturing sector often focused on the export of luxury products. While less capable of competing on quantity, it can compete with Asian economies that have lower labor costs through higher-quality products.<ref>{{Cite news|date=19 May 2005|title=Knowledge Economy Forum 2008: Innovative Small And Medium Enterprises Are Key To Europe & Central Asian Growth |url=http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/ECAEXT/0,,contentMDK:21808326~menuPK:258604~pagePK:2865106~piPK:2865128~theSitePK:258599,00.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080623065619/http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/ECAEXT/0,,contentMDK:21808326~menuPK:258604~pagePK:2865106~piPK:2865128~theSitePK:258599,00.html|archive-date=23 June 2008|access-date=17 June 2008|publisher=The World Bank}}</ref> Italy was the world's [[List of countries by exports|10th-largest exporter]] in 2019. [[List of the largest trading partners of Italy|Its closest trade ties]] are with other EU countries, and its largest export partners in 2019 were Germany (12%), France (11%), and the US (10%).<ref name="cia.gov">{{Cite web|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/italy|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210701235642/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/italy|archive-date=1 July 2021|access-date=28 May 2021|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref>

The [[Automotive industry in Italy|Italian automotive industry]] is a significant part of the country's manufacturing sector, with over 144,000 firms and almost 485,000 employees in 2015,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Auto: settore da 144mila imprese in Italia e 117 mld fatturato|url=http://www.adnkronos.com/soldi/economia/2015/09/23/auto-settore-mila-imprese-italia-mld-fatturato_WooBmrBqxgxO7mOvIRXUBI.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925121926/http://www.adnkronos.com/soldi/economia/2015/09/23/auto-settore-mila-imprese-italia-mld-fatturato_WooBmrBqxgxO7mOvIRXUBI.html|archive-date=25 September 2015|access-date=23 September 2015|website=adnkronos.com}}</ref> contributing 9% to GDP.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Country Profiles – Italy|url=http://acea.thisconnect.com/index.php/country_profiles/detail/italy|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080211190839/http://acea.thisconnect.com/index.php/country_profiles/detail/italy|archive-date=11 February 2008|access-date=9 February 2008|website=acea.thisconnect.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Global Auto Market 2021. General Motors Is The Only Group To Report Double-digit Losses |url=https://www.focus2move.com/world-car-group-ranking|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210701010705/https://www.focus2move.com/world-car-group-ranking|archive-date=1 July 2021|access-date=27 May 2022}}</ref> The country boasts a wide range of vehicles, from [[mass market]]-oriented brands such as [[Fiat]] and [[Premium product|premium]] brands like [[Alfa Romeo]] and [[Maserati]] to luxury [[supercars]] such as [[Pagani (company)|Pagani]], [[Lamborghini]], and [[Ferrari]].

The [[Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena]] is the world's oldest or second oldest bank in continuous operation, depending on the definition, and the fourth-largest Italian commercial and retail bank.<ref>{{Cite news|date=26 October 2017|title=Italy's fourth-biggest bank returns to the stockmarket|url=https://www.economist.com/news/finance-and-economics/21730672-shares-bailed-out-bank-start-trading-again-italys-fourth-biggest-bank|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180215112321/https://www.economist.com/news/finance-and-economics/21730672-shares-bailed-out-bank-start-trading-again-italys-fourth-biggest-bank|archive-date=15 February 2018|access-date=26 October 2021|newspaper=[[The Economist]]}}</ref> Italy has a strong [[cooperative]] sector with the largest share in the EU of the population (4.5%) employed by a cooperative.<ref>{{Cite web|date=April 2016|title=The Power of Cooperation – Cooperatives Europe key statistics 2015 |url=https://coopseurope.coop/sites/default/files/The%20power%20of%20Cooperation%20-%20Cooperatives%20Europe%20key%20statistics%202015.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112034412/https://coopseurope.coop/sites/default/files/The%20power%20of%20Cooperation%20-%20Cooperatives%20Europe%20key%20statistics%202015.pdf|archive-date=12 November 2020|access-date=28 May 2021|website=[[Cooperatives Europe]]}}</ref> The [[Val'd Agri oil field|Val d'Agri]] area, Basilicata, hosts the largest [[Onshore (hydrocarbons)|onshore]] [[hydrocarbon field]] in Europe.<ref>{{Cite web|title=In Val d'Agri with Upstream activities|url=https://www.eni.com/en-IT/operations/italy-val-agri-upstream-activities.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516034214/https://www.eni.com/en-IT/operations/italy-val-agri-upstream-activities.html|archive-date=16 May 2022|access-date=3 February 2021|publisher=[[Eni]]}}</ref> Moderate natural gas reserves, mainly in the [[Po Valley]] and offshore under the Adriatic, have been discovered and constitute the country's most important mineral resource. Italy is one of the world's leading producers of [[pumice]], [[pozzolana]], and [[feldspar]].<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|title=Italy, the economy: Resources and power|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/297474/Italy/26994/Forestry#toc26986|access-date=9 February 2015|date=3 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150209194536/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/297474/Italy/26994/Forestry#toc26986|archive-date=9 February 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Another notable resource is marble, especially the famous white [[Carrara marble]] from Tuscany.

Italy is part of a monetary union, the eurozone, which represents around 330 million citizens, and of the [[European single market]], which represents more than 500 million consumers. Several domestic commercial policies are determined by agreements among EU members and EU legislation. Italy joined the common European currency, the [[euro]], in 2002.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Andrews|first=Edmund L.|date=1 January 2002|title=Germans Say Goodbye to the Mark, a Symbol of Strength and Unity|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/01/01/world/germans-say-goodbye-to-the-mark-a-symbol-of-strength-and-unity.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110501031330/http://www.nytimes.com/2002/01/01/world/germans-say-goodbye-to-the-mark-a-symbol-of-strength-and-unity.html|archive-date=1 May 2011|access-date=18 March 2011|work=The New York Times}}; {{Cite news|last=Taylor Martin|first=Susan|date=28 December 1998|title=On Jan.{{spaces}}1, out of many arises one Euro|work=[[St. Petersburg Times]]|page=National, 1.A}}</ref> Its monetary policy is set by the [[European Central Bank]].

Italy was hit by the [[2008 financial crisis]], which exacerbated structural problems.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Orsi|first=Roberto|date=23 April 2013|title=The Quiet Collapse of the Italian Economy|work=Euro Crisis in the Press |url=http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/eurocrisispress/2013/04/23/the-quiet-collapse-of-the-italian-economy|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141119075748/http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/eurocrisispress/2013/04/23/the-quiet-collapse-of-the-italian-economy|archive-date=19 November 2014|access-date=24 November 2014|publisher=[[The London School of Economics]]}}</ref> After strong GDP growth of 5–6% per year from the 1950s to the early 1970s,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Nicholas Crafts, Gianni Toniolo|title=Economic growth in Europe since 1945 |publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1996|isbn=978-0-5214-9627-8|page=428}}</ref> and a progressive slowdown in the 1980–90s, the country stagnated in the 2000s.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Balcerowicz|first=Leszek|title=Economic Growth in the European Union|url=http://www.lisboncouncil.net/growth/documents/LISBON_COUNCIL_Economic_Growth_in_the_EU%20(1).pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714205108/http://www.lisboncouncil.net/growth/documents/LISBON_COUNCIL_Economic_Growth_in_the_EU%20(1).pdf|archive-date=14 July 2014|access-date=8 October 2014|publisher=The Lisbon Council}}; {{Cite news|title="Secular stagnation" in graphics|url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/graphicdetail/2014/11/secular-stagnation-graphics|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141123234145/http://www.economist.com/blogs/graphicdetail/2014/11/secular-stagnation-graphics|archive-date=23 November 2014|access-date=24 November 2014|newspaper=The Economist}}</ref> Political efforts to revive growth with massive government spending produced a severe rise in [[public debt]], that stood at over 132% of GDP in 2017,<ref>{{Cite web|date=15 May 2018|title=Debito pubblico oltre 2.300 miliardi e all'estero non lo comprano|url=https://www.investireoggi.it/economia/debito-pubblico-oltre-2-300-miliardi-e-litalia-e-sulla-strada-dellautarchia-finanziaria|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200221072720/https://www.investireoggi.it/economia/debito-pubblico-oltre-2-300-miliardi-e-litalia-e-sulla-strada-dellautarchia-finanziaria|archive-date=21 February 2020|access-date=1 June 2018}}</ref> the second highest in the EU, after Greece.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Government debt increased to 93.9% of GDP in euro area and to 88.0% in EU28|url=http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_PUBLIC/2-22072014-AP/EN/2-22072014-AP-EN.PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021162159/http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_PUBLIC/2-22072014-AP/EN/2-22072014-AP-EN.PDF|archive-date=21 October 2014|access-date=24 November 2014|publisher=[[Eurostat]]}}</ref> The largest portion of [[Italian government debt|Italian public debt]] is owned by national subjects, a major difference between Italy and Greece,<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 May 2010|title=Could Italy Be Better Off than its Peers?|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2010/05/18/could-italy-be-better-off-than-its-peers.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430030613/http://www.cnbc.com/id/37207942/Could_Italy_Be_Better_Off_than_its_Peers|archive-date=30 April 2011|access-date=30 May 2011|publisher=CNBC}}</ref> and the level of [[household debt]] is much lower than the OECD average.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Household debt and the OECD's surveillance of member states|url=http://www.nationalbanken.dk/da/om_nationalbanken/oekonomisk_forskning/Documents/4_Household%20debt%20and%20the%20OECD's%20surveillance%20of%20member%20states%20by%20Christophe%20Andr%C3%A9.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150109041518/http://www.nationalbanken.dk/da/om_nationalbanken/oekonomisk_forskning/Documents/4_Household%20debt%20and%20the%20OECD%27s%20surveillance%20of%20member%20states%20by%20Christophe%20Andr%C3%A9.pdf|archive-date=9 January 2015|access-date=26 November 2014|publisher=[[OECD]] Economics Department}}</ref>

A gaping [[Southern question|north–south divide]] is a major factor of socio-economic weakness;<ref>{{Cite news|title=Oh for a new risorgimento|url=https://www.economist.com/node/18780831|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141024163715/http://www.economist.com/node/18780831|archive-date=24 October 2014|access-date=24 November 2014|newspaper=The Economist}}</ref> there is a huge difference in official income between northern and southern regions and municipalities.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Comune per Comune, ecco la mappa navigabile dei redditi dichiarati in Italia|url=http://www.lastampa.it/economia/speciali/redditi-italia|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150405032750/http://www.lastampa.it/economia/speciali/redditi-italia|archive-date=5 April 2015|access-date=4 April 2015|website=lastampa.it}}</ref> The richest province, [[South Tyrol|Alto Adige-South Tyrol]], earns 152% of the national GDP per capita, while the poorest region, Calabria, earns 61%.<ref>{{Cite web|title=GDP per capita at regional level|url=https://www.istat.it/it/files/2016/12/Conti-regionali_2015.pdf?title=Conti+economici+territoriali+-+12%2Fdic%2F2016+-+Testo+integrale+e+nota+metodologica.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026054135/https://www.istat.it/it/files/2016/12/Conti-regionali_2015.pdf?title=Conti+economici+territoriali+-+12%2Fdic%2F2016+-+Testo+integrale+e+nota+metodologica.pdf|archive-date=26 October 2017|access-date=25 October 2017|publisher=[[Istat]]}}</ref> The unemployment rate (11%) is above the eurozone average,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Euro area unemployment rate at 11%|url=http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/2995521/8121455/3-31072017-AP-EN.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731232352/http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/2995521/8121455/3-31072017-AP-EN.pdf|archive-date=31 July 2017|access-date=26 October 2017|publisher=[[Eurostat]]}}</ref> but the disaggregated figure is 7% in the north and 19% in the south.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Istat|author-link=National Institute of Statistics (Italy)|title=Employment and unemployment: second quarter 2017 |url=http://www.istat.it/it/files/2017/09/Mercato-del-lavoro-II-trim-2017.pdf?title=Il+mercato+del+lavoro+-+12%2Fset%2F2017+-+Testo+integrale+e+nota+metodologica.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026054033/http://www.istat.it/it/files/2017/09/Mercato-del-lavoro-II-trim-2017.pdf?title=Il+mercato+del+lavoro+-+12%2Fset%2F2017+-+Testo+integrale+e+nota+metodologica.pdf|archive-date=26 October 2017|access-date=26 October 2017}}</ref> The [[Youth unemployment in Italy|youth unemployment rate]] (32% in 2018) is extremely high.

=== Agriculture ===
{{Main|Agriculture in Italy}}
{{Multiple image
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| image1            = Vineyards in Piemonte, Italy.jpg
| footer            = [[Vineyard Landscape of Piedmont: Langhe-Roero and Monferrato|Vineyards in Langhe and Montferrat, Piedmont]]. Italy is the world's [[List of wine-producing countries|largest wine producer]], and has the widest variety of indigenous [[Vitis|grapevine]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 November 2018|title=L'Italia è il maggiore produttore di vino|url=http://www.inumeridelvino.it/2018/11/la-produzione-di-vino-nel-mondo-2018-prima-stima-oiv.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111224545/http://www.inumeridelvino.it/2018/11/la-produzione-di-vino-nel-mondo-2018-prima-stima-oiv.html|archive-date=11 November 2021|access-date=11 November 2021|language=it}}; {{Cite web|date=3 June 2017|title=L'Italia è il paese con più vitigni autoctoni al mondo|url=https://giornalevinocibo.com/2017/06/03/italia-prima-assoluta-per-vitgni-autoctoni-ecco-i-dati-dei-vari-stati|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211101044918/https://giornalevinocibo.com/2017/06/03/italia-prima-assoluta-per-vitgni-autoctoni-ecco-i-dati-dei-vari-stati|archive-date=1 November 2021|access-date=11 November 2021|language=it}}</ref>
}}

According to the last agricultural census, there were 1.6 million farms in 2010 (−32% since 2000) covering {{Convert|12700000|ha|0|abbr=on|disp=or}} (63% are in south Italy).<ref name="agrocensus">{{Cite web|date=24 October 2010|title=Censimento Agricoltura 2010 |url=http://dati-censimentoagricoltura.istat.it|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213021626/http://dati-censimentoagricoltura.istat.it|archive-date=13 February 2015|access-date=11 February 2015|publisher=[[National Institute of Statistics (Italy)|ISTAT]]}}</ref> 99% are family-operated and small, averaging only {{Convert|8|ha|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name="agrocensus"/> Of the area in agricultural use, grain fields take up 31%, [[olive]] orchards 8%, [[vineyard]]s 5%, [[citrus]] orchards 4%, [[sugar beet]]s 2%, and horticulture 2%. The remainder is primarily dedicated to pastures (26%) and feed grains (12%).<ref name="agrocensus"/>

Italy is the world's [[List of wine-producing countries|largest wine producer]],<ref>{{Cite web|year=2010|title=OIV report on the State of the vitiviniculture world market|url=http://news.reseau-concept.net/images/oiv_es/Client/DIAPORAMA_STATISTIQUES_Tbilissi_2010_EN.ppt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728145648/http://news.reseau-concept.net/images/oiv_es/Client/DIAPORAMA_STATISTIQUES_Tbilissi_2010_EN.ppt|archive-date=28 July 2011|website=news.reseau-concept.net|publisher=Réseau-CONCEPT|format=PowerPoint presentation}}</ref> and a leading producer of [[olive oil]], fruits (apples, olives, grapes, oranges, lemons, pears, apricots, hazelnuts, peaches, cherries, plums, strawberries, and kiwifruits), and vegetables (especially artichokes and tomatoes). The most famous [[Italian wine]]s are the [[Tuscany (wine)|Tuscan]] [[Chianti]] and the [[Piedmont (wine)|Piedmontese]] [[Barolo]]. Other famous wines are [[Barbaresco]], [[Barbera d'Asti]], [[Brunello di Montalcino]], [[Frascati DOC|Frascati]], [[Montepulciano d'Abruzzo]], [[Morellino di Scansano]], and the [[sparkling wine]]s [[Franciacorta DOCG|Franciacorta]] and [[Prosecco]].

Quality goods in which Italy specialises, particularly wines and [[List of Italian DOP cheeses|regional cheeses]], are often protected under the quality assurance labels [[Denominazione di origine controllata|DOC/DOP]]. This [[Geographical indications and traditional specialities in the European Union|geographical indication certificate]], accredited by the EU, is considered important to avoid confusion with [[ersatz good]]s.

=== Transport ===
{{Main|Transport in Italy}}
{{See also|Railway stations in Italy}}
[[File:A8-A26 Besnate.jpg|thumb|The Autostrada dei Laghi ('Lakes Motorway'; part of the [[Autostrada A8 (Italy)|A8]] and [[Autostrada A9 (Italy)|A9]]), the first motorway built in the world<ref name="independent"/>]]

{{Anchor|Infrastructure}}Italy was the first country to build motorways, the ''[[Autostrade of Italy|autostrade]]'', reserved for fast traffic and motor vehicles.<ref name="independent">{{Cite news|last=Lenarduzzi|first=Thea|date=30 January 2016|title=The motorway that built Italy: Piero Puricelli's masterpiece|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/travel/europe/the-worlds-first-motorway-piero-puricellis-masterpiece-is-the-focus-of-an-unlikely-pilgrimage-a6840816.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220526/http://www.independent.co.uk/travel/europe/the-worlds-first-motorway-piero-puricellis-masterpiece-is-the-focus-of-an-unlikely-pilgrimage-a6840816.html|archive-date=26 May 2022|access-date=12 May 2022|work=[[The Independent]]}}</ref> In 2002 there were {{Convert|668721|km|mi|abbr=on}} of serviceable [[roads in Italy]], including {{Convert|6487|km|mi|abbr=on}} of motorways, state-owned but privately operated by [[Atlantia (company)|Atlantia]]. In 2005, about 34,667,000 cars (590 per 1,000 people) and 4,015,000 goods vehicles circulated on the network.<ref name="European Commission">{{Cite web|last=European Commission|author-link=European Commission|title=Panorama of Transport|url=http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-DA-07-001/EN/KS-DA-07-001-EN.PDF|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090407142402/http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-DA-07-001/EN/KS-DA-07-001-EN.PDF|archive-date=7 April 2009|access-date=3 May 2009}}</ref>
[[File:Etr500.JPG|thumb|An [[ETR 500]] train on the [[Florence–Rome high-speed railway|Florence–Rome high-speed line]], the first high-speed railway built in Europe<ref>{{Cite web|title=Special report: A European high-speed rail network|url=https://op.europa.eu/webpub/eca/special-reports/high-speed-rail-19-2018/en/|access-date=2023-07-22|website=op.europa.eu|language=en-GB|archive-date=17 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317233927/https://op.europa.eu/webpub/eca/special-reports/high-speed-rail-19-2018/en/|url-status=live}}</ref>]]

The [[rail transport in Italy|railway network]], state-owned and operated by [[Ferrovie dello Stato|Rete Ferroviaria Italiana]] (FSI), in 2008 totalled {{Convert|16529|km|mi|abbr=on}}, of which {{Convert|11727|km|0|abbr=on}} is electrified, and on which 4,802 locomotives and railcars run. The main public operator of high-speed trains is [[Trenitalia]], part of FSI. High-speed trains are in three categories: [[Frecciarossa]] ('red arrow') trains operate at a maximum 300{{spaces}}km/h on dedicated high-speed tracks; [[Frecciargento]] ('silver arrow') operate at a maximum 250{{spaces}}km/h on high-speed and mainline tracks; and [[Frecciabianca]] ('white arrow') operate on high-speed regional lines at a maximum 200{{spaces}}km/h. Italy has 11 rail border crossings over the Alpine mountains with neighbouring countries.

Italy is fifth in Europe by number of passengers using air transport, with about 148 million passengers, or about 10% of the European total in 2011.<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 January 2013|title=Trasporto aereo in Italia (PDF)|url=http://www.istat.it/it/archivio/78802|access-date=5 August 2013|publisher=ISTAT|archive-date=13 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130113035254/http://www.istat.it/it/archivio/78802|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2022, there were 45 civil airports, including the hubs of [[Milan Malpensa Airport]] and [[Rome Fiumicino Airport]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Aeroporti in Italia: quanti sono? Elenco per regione|url=https://gliaeroporti.it|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117184416/https://gliaeroporti.it|archive-date=17 November 2022|access-date=17 November 2022|language=it}}</ref> Since 2021, Italy's flag carrier has been [[ITA Airways]], which took over from [[Alitalia]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Buckley|first=Julia|date=18 October 2021|title=Italy reveals its new national airline|url=https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/ita-airways-launch/index.html|access-date=18 October 2021|publisher=CNN|archive-date=18 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211018100255/https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/ita-airways-launch/index.html|url-status=live}}; {{Cite news|last=Villamizar|first=Helwing|date=15 October 2021|title=Italian Flag Carrier ITA Airways Is Born|url=https://airwaysmag.com/airlines/ita-airways-is-born|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211016100028/https://airwaysmag.com/airlines/ita-airways-is-born|archive-date=16 October 2021|access-date=18 October 2021|work=Airways Magazine}}</ref>

In 2004, there were 43 major seaports, including [[Genoa]], the country's largest and second-largest in the Mediterranean. In 2005, Italy maintained a civilian air fleet of about 389,000 units and a merchant fleet of 581 ships.<ref name="European Commission"/> The national inland waterways network had a length of {{Convert|2400|km|0|abbr=on}} for commercial traffic in 2012.<ref name="cia.gov"/> North Italian ports, such as the deep-water port of Trieste, with its extensive rail connections to Central and Eastern Europe, are the destination of subsidies and significant foreign investment.<ref>Marcus Hernig: Die Renaissance der Seidenstraße (2018) pp 112.; Bernhard Simon: Can The New Silk Road Compete with the Maritime Silk Road? in The Maritime Executive, 1 January 2020.; Chazizam, M. (2018). The Chinese Maritime Silk Road Initiative: The Role of the Mediterranean. Mediterranean Quarterly, 29(2), 54–69.; Guido Santevecchi: Di Maio e la Via della Seta: «Faremo i conti nel 2020», siglato accordo su Trieste in Corriere della Sera: 5. November 2019.; Linda Vierecke, Elisabetta Galla "Triest und die neue Seidenstraße" In: Deutsche Welle, 8 December 2020.; {{Cite web|title=HHLA PLT Italy starting on schedule |url=https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/hhla-plt-italy-starting-on-schedule|website=hellenicshippingnews.com|access-date=11 January 2021|archive-date=11 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111105059/https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/hhla-plt-italy-starting-on-schedule/|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Energy ===
{{Main|Energy in Italy}}
{{Further|Renewable energy in Italy|Electricity sector in Italy}}
[[File:Pannelli solari Unicoop Tirreno.JPG|thumb|Solar panels in [[Piombino]], Tuscany. Italy is one of the world's largest producers of renewable energy.<ref name="legambiente2015">{{Cite web|date=18 May 2015|title=Il rapporto Comuni Rinnovabili 2015|url=http://www.comunirinnovabili.it/il-rapporto-comuni-rinnovabili-2015|access-date=13 March 2016|website=Comuni Rinnovabili|publisher=Legambiente|language=it|archive-date=14 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314011841/http://www.comunirinnovabili.it/il-rapporto-comuni-rinnovabili-2015/|url-status=live}}</ref>]]

Italy has become one of the world's [[List of countries by electricity production from renewable sources|largest producers of renewable energy]], ranking as the second largest producer in the EU and the ninth in the world. [[Wind power in Italy|Wind power]], [[Hydroelectricity in Italy|hydroelectricity]], and [[Geothermal power in Italy|geothermal power]] are significant [[Electricity sector in Italy|sources of electricity in the country]]. [[Renewable energy in Italy|Renewable sources]] account for 28% of all electricity produced, with hydro alone reaching 13%, followed by solar at 6%, wind at 4%, bioenergy at 3.5%, and geothermal at 1.6%.<ref name="gse">{{Cite web|date=19 December 2013|title=Rapporto Statistico sugli Impianti a fonti rinnovabili|url=http://www.gse.it/it/Statistiche/RapportiStatistici/Pagine/default.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018022905/http://www.gse.it/it/Statistiche/RapportiStatistici/Pagine/default.aspx|archive-date=18 October 2017|access-date=11 February 2015|publisher=Gestore dei Servizi Energetici}}</ref> The rest of the national demand is supplied by fossil fuels (natural gas 38%, coal 13%, oil 8%) and imports.<ref name="gse"/> [[Eni]], operating in 79 countries, is one of the seven "[[Big Oil]]" companies, and one of the world's largest industrial companies.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Summary for Eni SpA|url=https://finance.yahoo.com/q?s=E|access-date=1 July 2020|archive-date=4 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160604184217/http://finance.yahoo.com/q?s=e|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Solar power in Italy|Solar energy]] production alone accounted for 9% of electricity in 2014, making Italy the country with the highest contribution from solar energy in the world.<ref name="legambiente2015"/> The [[Montalto di Castro Photovoltaic Power Station]], completed in 2010, is the largest photovoltaic (PV) power station in Italy.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Italian Montalto di Castro and Rovigo PV plants|url=https://www.solarserver.com/solar-magazine/solar-energy-system-of-the-month/the-italian-montalto-di-castro-and-rovigo-pv-plants.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180509012719/https://www.solarserver.com/solar-magazine/solar-energy-system-of-the-month/the-italian-montalto-di-castro-and-rovigo-pv-plants.html|archive-date=9 May 2018|access-date=8 May 2018|website=solarserver.com}}</ref> Italy was the first country to exploit [[Geothermal power in Italy|geothermal energy]] to produce electricity.<ref>{{Cite web|year=2011|title=Inventario delle risorse geotermiche nazionali|url=http://unmig.sviluppoeconomico.gov.it/unmig/geotermia/inventario/inventario.asp|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722034736/http://unmig.sviluppoeconomico.gov.it/unmig/geotermia/inventario/inventario.asp|archive-date=22 July 2011|access-date=14 September 2011|publisher=UNMIG}}</ref> [[Nuclear power in Italy]] was abandoned after [[1987 Italian referendums|1987 referendums]] (in the wake of the 1986 [[Chernobyl disaster]]), although Italy still imports nuclear energy from Italy-owned reactors in foreign territories.

=== Science and technology ===
{{Main|Science and technology in Italy}}
{{See also|List of Italian inventions and discoveries}}
[[File:Justus Sustermans - Portrait of Galileo Galilei, 1636.jpg|thumb|upright=.8|[[Galileo Galilei]], widely considered the father of modern science, physics and astronomy]]

Through the centuries, Italy has fostered a scientific community that produced major discoveries the sciences. [[Galileo Galilei]] played a major role in the [[Scientific Revolution]] and is considered the "father" of [[observational astronomy]],<ref>{{Cite book|last=Singer|first=C.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mPIgAAAAMAAJ|title=A Short History of Science to the Nineteenth Century|date=1941|publisher=Clarendon Press|page=217|access-date=22 March 2023|archive-date=2 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241002213513/https://books.google.com/books?id=mPIgAAAAMAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref> modern physics,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Whitehouse|first=D.|url=https://archive.org/details/renaissancegeniu0000whit|title=Renaissance Genius: Galileo Galilei & His Legacy to Modern Science|date=2009|publisher=Sterling Publishing|isbn=978-1-4027-6977-1|page=[https://archive.org/details/renaissancegeniu0000whit/page/219 219]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Weidhorn|first=Manfred|url=https://archive.org/details/personofmillenni0000weid|title=The Person of the Millennium: The Unique Impact of Galileo on World History|date=2005|publisher=iUniverse|isbn=978-0-5953-6877-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/personofmillenni0000weid/page/155 155]}}</ref> and the [[scientific method]].<ref>''Thomas Hobbes: Critical Assessments'', Volume 1. Preston King. 1993. p. 59</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Disraeli|first=I.|title=Curiosities of Literature|date=1835|publisher=W. Pearson & Company|page=371}}</ref>

The [[Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso]] (LNGS) is the largest underground research centre in the world.<ref>{{Cite web|title=I Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso|url=https://www.lngs.infn.it/it/descrizione-generale|access-date=15 January 2018|language=it}}</ref> [[ELETTRA]], [[Eurac Research]], [[ESA Centre for Earth Observation]], [[Institute for Scientific Interchange]], [[International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology]], [[Centre for Maritime Research and Experimentation]], and the [[International Centre for Theoretical Physics]] conduct basic research. Trieste has the highest percentage of researchers in Europe, in relation to the population.<ref>G. Bar "Trieste, è record europeo di ricercatori: 37 ogni mille abitanti. Più della Finlandia", In: il Fatto Quotidiano, 26 April 2018.</ref> Italy was ranked 26th in the [[Global Innovation Index]] in 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Innovation Index 2024 : Unlocking the Promise of Social Entrepreneurship |url=https://www.wipo.int/web-publications/global-innovation-index-2024/en/ |access-date=2024-11-29 |website=www.wipo.int |language=en}}</ref> There are [[technology park]]s in Italy such as the Science and Technology Parks Kilometro Rosso (Bergamo), the [[AREA Science Park]] (Trieste), The VEGA-Venice Gateway for Science and Technology (Venezia), the Toscana Life Sciences (Siena), the Technology Park of Lodi Cluster (Lodi), and the Technology Park of Navacchio (Pisa),<ref>{{Cite web|title=Science and Technology Parks in Italy|url=https://www.easst.net/science-and-technology-parks-in-italy|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719154033/https://www.easst.net/science-and-technology-parks-in-italy|archive-date=19 July 2023|access-date=28 August 2023}}</ref> as well as [[science museum]]s such as the [[Museo Nazionale Scienza e Tecnologia Leonardo da Vinci]] in Milan.

The north–south large difference in income leads to a "digital divide".<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Alampi|first=Matteo|date=December 2007|title=Underdevelopment in Southern Italy: Traditional Setbacks and Modern Solutions|url=https://fisherpub.sjf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1047&context=intlstudies_masters|journal=Fisher Digital Publications|via=International Studies Masters}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Di Pietro|first=Giorgio|date=June 2021|title=Changes in Italy's education-related digital divide|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ecaf.12471|journal=Economic Affairs|volume=41|issue=2|pages=252–270|doi=10.1111/ecaf.12471|issn=0265-0665|s2cid=237848271}}</ref>

=== Tourism ===
{{Main|Tourism in Italy}}
[[File:Positano - Fornillo Beach.jpg|thumb|The [[Amalfi Coast]] is one of Italy's major tourist destinations.<ref>[http://www.italy24.ilsole24ore.com/art/business-and-economy/2017-05-04/turismo-stranieri-124013.php?uuid=AEVg9GGB "Foreign tourist numbers in Italy head towards new record"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170601184213/http://www.italy24.ilsole24ore.com/art/business-and-economy/2017-05-04/turismo-stranieri-124013.php?uuid=AEVg9GGB|date=1 June 2017}}. Retrieved 21 May 2017.</ref>]]

People have visited Italy for centuries, yet the first to [[Tourism in Italy|visit the peninsula for tourism]] were aristocrats during the [[Grand Tour]], which began in the 17th century, and flourished in the 18th and the 19th centuries.<ref name="grand-tour">{{Cite web|title=Grand Tour|url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/grand-tour|access-date=6 May 2022|language=it}}</ref> This was a period in which European aristocrats, many of whom were British, visited parts of Europe, with Italy as a key destination.<ref name="grand-tour"/> For Italy, this was in order to study ancient architecture, local culture, and admire its natural beauty.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Italy on the Grand Tour (Getty Exhibitions)|url=http://www.getty.edu/art/exhibitions/grand_tour/what.html|access-date=9 June 2015}}</ref>

Italy is the [[World Tourism rankings|fourth most visited country]], with a total of 57 million arrivals in 2023.<ref>{{cite web |title=World Tourism Barometer |url=https://pre-webunwto.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/2024-06/Barom_PPT_May_2024.pdf?VersionId=U7O62HatlG4eNAj.wcmuQG1PMCjK.Yss |publisher=[[World Tourism Organization]] |access-date=24 June 2024 |date=May 2024 |page=19}}</ref> In 2014, the income from travel and tourism was EUR163{{spaces}}billion (10% of GDP) and 1,082,000 jobs were directly related to it (5% of employment).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Travel & Tourism Economic Impact 2015 Italy |url=https://www.wttc.org/-/media/files/reports/economic%20impact%20research/countries%202015/italy2015.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010152616/https://www.wttc.org/-/media/files/reports/economic%20impact%20research/countries%202015/italy2015.pdf|archive-date=10 October 2017|access-date=20 May 2017|publisher=[[World Travel and Tourism Council]]}}</ref>

Tourist interest is mainly in [[Culture of Italy|culture]], [[Italian cuisine|cuisine]], [[History of Italy|history]], [[Architecture of Italy|architecture]], [[Italian art|art]], religious sites and routes, wedding tourism, naturalistic beauties, nightlife, underwater sites, and spas.<ref>{{Cite web|date=February 2023|title=In Italia 11mila matrimoni stranieri, un turismo da 599 milioni|url=https://www.ansa.it/canale_viaggiart/it/notizie/speciali/2023/02/01/turismo-wedding-2-milioni-presenze-e-fatturato-599-mln_dcec4ad9-3ab8-4677-a303-6378020ac3a7.html|access-date=2 February 2023|language=it}}; {{Cite web|title=10 Migliori destinazioni italiane per vita notturna|url=https://www.travel365.it/migliori-destinazioni-italiane-per-vita-notturna.htm|access-date=28 December 2021|language=it}}</ref> Winter and summer tourism are present in locations in the Alps and the [[Apennines]],<ref>{{Cite web|date=30 July 2017|title=VACANZE IN MONTAGNA IN ITALIA: IN INVERNO E IN ESTATE|url=https://www.alloggitaly.it/vacanze-in-montagna-in-italia|access-date=1 January 2022|language=it}}</ref> while seaside tourism is widespread among locations along the Mediterranean.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 February 2018|title=Il turismo balneare|url=https://www.turismo-oggi.com/il-turismo-balneare.html|access-date=1 January 2022|language=it}}</ref> Italy is the leading cruise tourism destination in the Mediterranean.<ref>{{Cite web|date=27 April 2022|title=Crociere, Cemar: 8,8 milioni di passeggeri nei porti italiani|url=https://www.lagenziadiviaggi.it/crociere-cemar-88-milioni-di-passeggeri-nei-porti-italiani|access-date=13 May 2022|language=it}}</ref> Small, historical, and artistic villages are promoted through the association [[I Borghi più belli d'Italia]] ({{Literally|The most beautiful villages of Italy}}).

The most visited regions are Veneto, Tuscany, Lombardy, Emilia-Romagna, and Lazio.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Number of nights spent in tourist accommodation establishments in the top 20 EU-28 tourist regions, by NUTS 2 regions, 2015 (million nights spent) RYB17 – Statistics Explained |url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=File:Number_of_nights_spent_in_tourist_accommodation_establishments_in_the_top_20_EU-28_tourist_regions,_by_NUTS_2_regions,_2015_(million_nights_spent)_RYB17.png|access-date=17 April 2022|publisher=European Commission}}</ref> Rome is the third most visited city in Europe, and 12th in the world, with 9.4 million arrivals in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ranking the 30 Most-Visited Cities in the World|url=https://www.travelpulse.com/news/destinations/ranking-the-30-most-visited-cities-in-the-world.html|website=TravelPulse}}</ref> Venice and Florence are among the world's top 100 destinations.

Italy has the most [[World Heritage Sites]] of any country: 59,<ref>{{Cite web|title=The World Heritage Convention|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/convention|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827065310/https://whc.unesco.org/en/convention|archive-date=27 August 2016|access-date=1 August 2021|publisher=UNESCO}}</ref> of which [[List of World Heritage Sites in Italy|53 are cultural and 6 natural]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Italy|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/it|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201134320/http://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/it|archive-date=1 December 2021|access-date=9 April 2019|publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre}}</ref>