Editing Intravenous therapy (section)

====Tunneled lines====
[[File:Hickman line catheter with 2 lumens.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|A Hickman line, a type of tunneled catheter, inserted through the skin at the chest and tunneled to insert into the [[jugular vein]] in the throat.|alt=Photograph of an inserted Hickman line, which is a type of tunneled catheter, inserted in the chest.]]

A tunneled line is a type of central access which is inserted under the skin, and then travels a significant distance through surrounding tissue before reaching and penetrating the central vein. Using a tunneled line reduces the risk of infection as compared to other forms of access, as bacteria from the skin surface are not able to travel directly into the vein.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Agarwal |first1=Anil K. |last2=Haddad |first2=Nabil |last3=Boubes |first3=Khaled |title=Avoiding problems in tunneled dialysis catheter placement |journal=Seminars in Dialysis |date=November 2019 |volume=32 |issue=6 |pages=535–540 |doi=10.1111/sdi.12845|pmid=31710156 |s2cid=207955194 }}</ref> These catheters are often made of materials that resist infection and clotting. Types of tunneled central lines include the [[Hickman line]] or Broviac catheter. A tunnelled line is an option for long term venous access necessary for [[hemodialysis]] in people with poor kidney function.
<ref name="JVA2016">{{cite journal |last1=Roca-Tey |first1=Ramon |title=Permanent Arteriovenous Fistula or Catheter Dialysis for Heart Failure Patients |journal=The Journal of Vascular Access |date=March 2016 |volume=17 |issue=1_suppl |pages=S23–S29 |doi=10.5301/jva.5000511|pmid=26951899 |s2cid=44524962 }}</ref>