Editing Hungarian language (section)

==Vocabulary==
{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-left:1em"
|+ Examples with '''''ad'''''
! Hungarian
! English
|-
| {{Lang|hu|ad}}<!-- yes, ad means gives, to give is adni -->
| gives
|-
!colspan=2|Derived terms with suffixes
|-
|{{Lang|hu|adni}}
|to give
|-
| {{Lang|hu|adás}}
| transmission, broadcast
|-
| {{Lang|hu|adó}}
| tax or transmitter
|-
| {{Lang|hu|adózik}}
| pays tax
|-
| {{Lang|hu|adózó}}
| taxpayer
|-
| {{Lang|hu|adós}}
| debtor
|-
| {{Lang|hu|adósság}}
| debt
|-
| {{Lang|hu|adat}}
| data
|-
| {{Lang|hu|adakozik}}
| gives (practise charity)
|-
| {{Lang|hu|adalék}}
| additive (ingredient)
|-
| {{Lang|hu|adag}}
| dose, portion
|-
| {{Lang|hu|adomány}}
| donation
|-
| {{Lang|hu|adoma}}
| anecdote
|-
!colspan=2|With verbal prefixes
|-
| {{Lang|hu|átad}}
| hands over
|-
| {{Lang|hu|bead}}
| hands in
|-
| {{Lang|hu|elad}}
| sells
|-
| {{Lang|hu|felad}}
| gives up, mails
|-
| {{Lang|hu|hozzáad}}
| augments, adds to
|-
| {{Lang|hu|kiad}}
| rents out, publishes, extradites
|-
| {{Lang|hu|lead}}
| loses weight, deposits (an object)
|-
| {{Lang|hu|megad}}
| repays (debt), calls (poker),{{br}}grants (permission)
|-
| {{Lang|hu|összead}}
| adds (does mathematical addition)
|}

During the first early phase of Hungarian [[language reform]]s (late 18th and early 19th centuries) more than ten thousand words were coined,<ref>Kálmán Szily presented approx. 10,000 words in his book ''A magyar nyelvújítás szótára'' ("Dictionary of Hungarian language reform", vol. 1–2: 1902 and 1908), without aiming to be comprehensive.</ref> several thousand of which are still actively used today (see also [[Ferenc Kazinczy]], the leading figure of the Hungarian language reforms.) Kazinczy's chief goal was to replace existing words of German and Latin origins with newly created Hungarian words. As a result, Kazinczy and his later followers (the reformers) significantly reduced the formerly high ratio of words of Latin and German origins in the Hungarian language, which were related to social sciences, natural sciences, politics and economics, institutional names, fashion etc.
Giving an accurate estimate for the total word count is difficult, since it is hard to define a "word"  in [[agglutination|agglutinating]] languages, due to the existence of affixed words and compound words. To obtain a meaningful definition of compound words, it is necessary to exclude compounds whose meaning is the mere sum of its elements. The largest dictionaries giving translations from Hungarian to another language contain 120,000 words and phrases<ref name="kenesei-p77">''A nyelv és a nyelvek'' ("Language and languages"), edited by István Kenesei. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, 2004, {{ISBN|963-05-7959-6}}, p. 77.</ref> (but this may include redundant phrases as well, because of translation issues){{clarify|date=March 2019}}. The new desk lexicon of the Hungarian language contains 75,000 words,<ref name="kenesei-p77" /> and the Comprehensive Dictionary of Hungarian Language (to be published in 18 volumes in the next{{clarify|date=June 2022}} twenty years) is planned to contain 110,000 words.<ref>[http://www.e-nyelv.hu/enyelv.php?page=hir_elem.php~id=41 The first two volumes of the 20-volume series were introduced on 13 November, 2006, at the Hungarian Academy of Sciences] {{in lang|hu}}. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080417043907/http://www.e-nyelv.hu/enyelv.php?page=hir_elem.php~id=41 |date=2008-04-17 }}.</ref> The default Hungarian [[lexicon]] is usually estimated to comprise 60,000 to 100,000 words.<ref name="nadasdy-interview">[http://2000magyar.mindenkinet.hu/vendegszoba/tudomany/20031126amagyar.html?pIdx=3 "Hungarian is not difficult"] (interview with [[Ádám Nádasdy]]).</ref> (Independently of specific languages, speakers actively use at most 10,000 to 20,000 words,<ref name="kenesei-p86">''A nyelv és a nyelvek'' ("Language and languages"), edited by István Kenesei. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, 2004, {{ISBN|963-05-7959-6}}, p. 86.</ref> with an average [[intellectual]] using 25,000 to 30,000 words.<ref name="nadasdy-interview" />) However, all the Hungarian [[lexeme]]s collected from technical texts, dialects etc. would total up to 1,000,000 words.<ref name="kenesei-pp76-86">''A nyelv és a nyelvek'' ("Language and languages"), edited by István Kenesei. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, 2004, {{ISBN|963-05-7959-6}}, pp. 76, 86.</ref>

Parts of the lexicon can be organized using [[word-bush]]es{{clarify|date=September 2019}} (see an example on the right). The words in these bushes share a common root, are related through inflection, derivation and compounding, and are usually broadly related in meaning.

The basic vocabulary shares several hundred word roots with other [[Uralic languages]] like [[Finnish language|Finnish]], [[Estonian language|Estonian]], [[Mansi language|Mansi]] and [[Khanty language|Khanty]]. Examples are the verb {{Lang|hu|él}} "live" (Finnish {{lang|fi|elää}}<ref name=Helsinki>{{cite web|title="Related words" in Finnish and Hungarian|url=http://www.helsinki.fi/~jolaakso/f-h-ety.html|publisher=Helsinki University Bulletin|access-date=2008-06-15}}</ref>), the numbers {{Lang|hu|kettő}} (2), {{Lang|hu|három}} (3), {{Lang|hu|négy}} (4) (cf. [[Mansi language|Mansi]] {{lang|mns|китыг|italic=no}} {{lang|mns-latn|kitig}}, {{lang|mns|хурум|italic=no}} {{lang|mns-latn|khurum}}, {{lang|mns|нила|italic=no}} {{lang|mns-latn|nila}}, [[Finnish language|Finnish]] {{lang|fi|kaksi, kolme, neljä}},<ref name=Helsinki/> [[Estonian language|Estonian]] {{lang|et|kaks, kolm, neli}}), as well as {{Lang|hu|víz}} 'water', {{Lang|hu|kéz}} 'hand', {{Lang|hu|vér}} 'blood', {{Lang|hu|fej}} 'head' (cf. Finnish<ref name=Helsinki/> and Estonian {{lang|fi|vesi, käsi, veri}}, Finnish {{lang|fi|pää}},<ref name=Helsinki/> Estonian {{lang|et|pea}} or {{lang|et|pää}}).

Words for elementary kinship and nature are more Ugric, less [[Oghur languages|r-Turkic]] and less Slavic. Words related to agriculture are about 50% r-Turkic and 50% Slavic; pastoral terms are more r-Turkic, less Ugric and less Slavic. Finally, Christian and state terminology is more Slavic and less r-Turkic. The Slavic is most probably proto-Slovakian or proto-Slovenian. This is easily understood in the Uralic paradigm, proto-Magyars were first similar to Ob-Ugors, who were mainly hunters, fishers and gatherers, but with some horses too. Then they accultured to Bulgarian r-Turks, so the older layer of agriculture words (wine, beer, [[wheat]], [[barley]] etc.) are purely r-Turkic, and many terms of statesmanship and religion were, too.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rmki.kfki.hu/~lukacs/DETREHUN.htm|title=Proto-Magyar Texts From the Middle of 1st Millenium<!--sic-->?|website=Rmki.kfki.hu|access-date=8 October 2017}}</ref>

Except for a few Latin and Greek loanwords, these differences are unnoticed even by native speakers; the words have been entirely adopted into the Hungarian lexicon. There are an increasing number of English loanwords, especially in technical fields and slang as well.

{{bar box
| width = 
| title = Proportion of loanwords in modern Hungarian<ref name="kenesei-p134"/>
| titlebar = #ddd
| bars =
{{bar percent|Uncertain|red|30}}
{{bar percent|[[Finno-Ugric]]|green|21}}
{{bar percent|[[Slavic languages|Slavic]]|blue|20}}
{{bar percent|[[German language|German]]|lightgreen|11}}
{{bar percent|[[Turkic languages|Turkic]]|orange|9.5}}
{{bar percent|[[Latin]] and [[Greek language|Greek]]|yellow|6}}
{{bar percent|[[Romance languages|Romance]]|purple|2.5}}
{{bar percent|Other known|brown|1}}
}}

Calculating the percentile fractions of the origins of various words within a language is an essentially meaningless and impossible exercise. There is no definite set number of words within a language that can be tallied up,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.dictionary.com/e/how-many-words-in-english/ | title=How Many Words Are There in the English Language? | date=24 July 2020 }}</ref> and other factors like the frequency of use and dialectal differences also affect the end result.<ref name="arcanum.com">{{cite web | url=https://www.arcanum.com/hu/online-kiadvanyok/pannon-pannon-enciklopedia-1/a-magyarsag-kezikonyve-2/nyelv-es-irodalom-1919/mai-magyar-nyelvunk-1CCD/hany-szavunk-van-1CD7/ | title=Hány szavunk van? {{pipe}} Pannon Enciklopédia {{pipe}} Kézikönyvtár }}</ref> An approximate estimate of the number<ref name="arcanum.com"/> of foreign loanwords<ref name="tavoktatas.mnt.org.rs">https://tavoktatas.mnt.org.rs/sites/default/files/2020-12/A%20magyar%20sz%C3%B3k%C3%A9szlet%20eredete%20%C3%A9s%20a%20j%C3%B6vev%C3%A9nyszavak.pdf</ref><ref>chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://mek.oszk.hu/13600/13648/13648.pdf</ref> in Hungarian can be established, as well as the general frequency of their usage.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://corpus.nytud.hu/mnsz/ | title=Magyar Nemzeti Szövegtár }}</ref>

According to estimates,<ref name="A MAGYAR NYELV SZLÁV JÖVEVÉNYSZAVAI">{{cite web | url=https://www.arcanum.com/hu/online-kiadvanyok/MuMaTu-a-mult-magyar-tudosai-1/kniezsa-istvan-357C/eletmuve-359F/a-magyar-nyelv-szlav-jovevenyszavai-i-35B6/ | title=A MAGYAR NYELV SZLÁV JÖVEVÉNYSZAVAI I. {{pipe}} A múlt magyar tudósai {{pipe}} Kézikönyvtár }}</ref> the most numerous loanwords come from Slavic languages<ref name="tavoktatas.mnt.org.rs"/> (1252 words of proven Slavic origin, around 484 universally used in all dialects of Hungarian, 694 in specific dialects only, and 74 obsolete words<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.arcanum.com/hu/online-kiadvanyok/Lexikonok-a-pallas-nagy-lexikona-2/e-e-7C62/elavult-szok-8174/ | title=Elavult szók, {{pipe}} A Pallas nagy lexikona {{pipe}} Kézikönyvtár }}</ref>).<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-an-obsolete-word-1691356#:~:text=Obsolete%20word%20is%20a%20temporal,use%20in%20speech%20and%20writing | title=An Introduction to Obsolete Words }}</ref> An additional 382 words are classified as "possibly Slavic", 147 of them present in all dialects, 209 present in certain dialects, and 26 no longer in common use, bringing the final number of potentially Slavic loanwords in all dialects to 631, and the total number of potentially Slavic loanwords across all dialects to about 1634.<ref name="A MAGYAR NYELV SZLÁV JÖVEVÉNYSZAVAI"/>

The second largest group of loanwords are made up of Turkic loanwords, which can be divided into pre-Conquest, and Ottoman layers, with the pre-Conquest words making up the absolute majority of them. Due to centuries of cohabitation with Turkic peoples such as the Volga Bulgars and Khazars, the exact origin of certain words can be hard to pin down.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.arcanum.com/hu/online-kiadvanyok/MuMaTu-a-mult-magyar-tudosai-1/gombocz-zoltan-1CCC/a-magyar-nyelv-regi-torok-jovevenyszavai-torok-szemelyneveink-1CF9/ | title=A MAGYAR NYELV RÉGI TÖRÖK JÖVEVÉNYSZAVAI. TÖRÖK SZEMÉLYNEVEINK {{pipe}} A múlt magyar tudósai {{pipe}} Kézikönyvtár }}</ref> The number of Turkic loanwords can be difficult to enumerate from the pre-Conquest period due to a lack of written sources from R-Turkic languages from the period, and even later, but generally the number of Turkic loanwords are estimated to be between 300-500.<ref>https://mnytud.arts.unideb.hu/tananyag/gyorffye/torok_jovevenyszavak.pdf</ref>

The third largest group is made up of German loanwords, which number around 400.<ref name="tavoktatas.mnt.org.rs"/> These started appearing in the language as early as the 11th century, but became especially prominent during the Habsburg-era, starting in the 16th century.<ref>https://mnytud.arts.unideb.hu/tananyag/gyorffye/nemet_jovevenyszavak.pdf</ref>

A much smaller but also much older layer of loanwords are Iranian loanwords,<ref name="Iráni jövevényszavak {{pipe}} Pannon">{{cite web | url=https://www.arcanum.com/hu/online-kiadvanyok/pannon-pannon-enciklopedia-1/magyar-nyelv-es-irodalom-31D6/a-magyar-nyelv-tortenete-34AE/nyelvunk-oskora-gerstner-karoly-34E3/irani-jovevenyszavak-34FC/ | title=Iráni jövevényszavak {{pipe}} Pannon Enciklopédia {{pipe}} Kézikönyvtár }}</ref> which only number in the dozens but serve as an important layer of the vocabulary.<ref name="tavoktatas.mnt.org.rs"/> These words include tehén (cow), tej (milk), asszony (married woman, wife), vám (tax), vár (fortress), vásár (market), üveg (glass) etc.<ref name="Iráni jövevényszavak {{pipe}} Pannon"/>

Other, mostly more technical, religious, or scholarly loanwords also numbering in the dozens are from Latin and Greek, while newer layers may include virtually any European language that Hungarian has been in contact with over the centuries.<ref name="tavoktatas.mnt.org.rs"/>

===Word formation===
Words can be compounds or derived. Most derivation is with suffixes, but there is a small set of derivational prefixes as well.

====Compounds====
Compounds have been present in the language since the [[Proto-Uralic]] era. Numerous ancient compounds transformed to base words during the centuries. Today, compounds play an important role in vocabulary.

A good example is the word ''arc'':

: ''orr'' (nose) + ''száj'' (mouth) → ''orca'' (face) (colloquial until the end of the 19th century and still in use in some dialects) > ''arc'' (face)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nemzetismeret.hu/?id=3.2 |title=It's written in chapter Testrészek |publisher=Nemzetismeret.hu |access-date=2010-01-31}}</ref>

Compounds are made up of two base words: the first is the prefix, the latter is the suffix. A compound can be ''subordinative'': <!-- subordinative is "alárendelő" in Hungarian; it was rather coined by me. I can't find *ANY* reference on this in English. If you can, please translate alárendelő properly. Other "Hunglish" words include subjective, objective, determinative, adjunctive and coordinative. --> the prefix is in logical connection with the suffix. If the prefix is the subject of the suffix, the compound is generally classified as a [[subjective case|subjective]] one. There are [[objective case|objective]], [[determiner (linguistics)|determinative]], and [[adjunct (grammar)|adjunct]]ive compounds as well. Some examples are given below:

: Subjective:
:: ''menny'' ([[heaven]]) + ''dörgés'' (rumbling) → ''mennydörgés'' (thundering)
:: ''Nap'' (Sun) + ''sütötte'' (lit by) → ''napsütötte'' (sunlit)
: Objective:
:: ''fa'' (tree, wood) + ''vágó'' (cutter) → ''favágó'' (lumberjack, literally "woodcutter")
: Determinative:
:: ''új'' (new) + ''já'' (modification of ''-vá, -vé'' a suffix meaning "making it to something")  + ''építés'' (construction) → ''újjáépítés'' (reconstruction, literally "making something to be new by construction")
: Adjunctive:
:: ''sárga'' (yellow) + ''réz'' (copper) → ''sárgaréz'' (brass)

According to current orthographic rules, a subordinative compound word has to be written as a single word, without spaces; however, if a compound of three or more words (not counting one-syllable verbal prefixes) is seven or more [[syllables]] long (not counting case suffixes), a hyphen must be inserted at the appropriate boundary to ease the determination of word boundaries for the reader.

Other compound words are ''coordinatives'': there is no concrete relation between the prefix and the suffix. Subcategories include [[reduplication]] (to emphasise the meaning; ''olykor-olykor''
'really occasionally'), twin words (where a base word and a distorted form of it makes up a compound: {{lang|hu|gizgaz}}, where the suffix 'gaz' means 'weed' and the prefix {{lang|hu|giz}} is the distorted form; the compound itself means 'inconsiderable weed'), and such compounds which have meanings, but neither their prefixes, nor their suffixes make sense (for example, {{lang|hu|hercehurca}} 'complex, obsolete procedures').

A compound also can be made up by multiple (i.e., more than two) base words: in this case, at least one word element, or even both the prefix and the suffix, is a compound. Some examples:

: ''elme'' [mind; standalone base] + (''gyógy'' [medical] + ''intézet'' [institute]) → ''elmegyógyintézet'' ([[Psychiatric hospital|asylum]])
: (''hadi'' [militarian] + ''fogoly'' [prisoner]) + (''munka'' [work] + ''tábor'' [camp]) → ''hadifogoly-munkatábor'' (work camp of prisoners of war)

===Noteworthy lexical items===
{{Unreferenced section|date=June 2018}}

====Points of the compass====
Hungarian words for the points of the compass are directly derived from the position of the Sun during the day in the Northern Hemisphere.

* North = észak (from "éj(szaka)", 'night'), as the Sun never shines from the north
* South = dél ('noon'), as the Sun shines from the south at noon
* East = kelet (from "nap(kelte)",literally;'rising of the Sun,waking up of the Sun'), as the Sun rises in the east
* West = nyugat (from "nap(nyugta)",literally;'setting of the Sun,calming of the Sun'), as the Sun sets in the west

====Two words for "red"====
<!-- Must this "red" issue really be this long? -->

There are two basic words for "red" in Hungarian: "piros" and "vörös" (variant: "veres"; compare with Estonian "verev" or Finnish "punainen"). (They are basic in the sense that one is not a sub-type of the other, as the English "scarlet" is of "red".) The word "vörös" is related to "vér", meaning "blood" (Finnish and Estonian "veri"). When they refer to an actual difference in colour (as on a colour chart), "vörös" usually refers to the deeper (darker or more red and less orange) hue of red. In English similar differences exist between "scarlet" and "red". While many languages have multiple [[colour name|names for this colour]], often Hungarian scholars assume that this is unique in recognizing two shades of red as separate and distinct "[[folk colour]]s".<ref name="basiccolor">Berlin, B. and Kay, P. (1969). ''Basic Color Terms''. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.</ref>

However, the two words are also used independently of the above in [[collocation]]s. "Piros" is learned by children first, as it is generally used to describe inanimate, artificial things, or things seen as cheerful or neutral, while "vörös" typically refers to animate or natural things (biological, geological, physical and astronomical objects), as well as serious or emotionally charged subjects.

When the rules outlined above are in contradiction, typical collocations usually prevail. In some cases where a typical collocation does not exist, the use of either of the two words may be equally adequate.

Examples:
* Expressions where "red" typically translates to "piros": a red road sign, red traffic lights, the red line of [[Budapest Metro]], red (now called express) bus lines in Budapest, a holiday shown in red in the calendar, ruddy complexion, the red nose of a clown, some red flowers (those of a neutral nature, e.g. [[tulip]]s), red peppers and [[paprika]], red card suits (hearts and diamonds), red stripes on a flag (but the [[red flag (politics)|red flag]] and its variants translate to "vörös"), etc.
* Expressions where "red" typically translates to "vörös": a red railway signal (unlike traffic lights, see above), [[Red Sea]], [[Red Square]], [[Red Army]], [[Red Baron]], [[Erik the Red]], [[red wine]], red carpet (for receiving important guests), red hair or beard, red lion (the mythical animal), the [[Red Cross]], the novel ''[[The Red and the Black]]'', [[redshift]], [[red giant]], [[red blood cell]]s, [[red oak]], some red flowers (those with passionate connotations, e.g. roses), red fox, names of ferric and other red minerals, red copper, rust, red phosphorus, the colour of blushing with anger or shame, the red nose of an alcoholic (in contrast with that of a clown, see above), the red posterior of a [[baboon]], red meat, regular onion (not the red onion, which is "lila"), [[litmus paper]] (in acid), cities, countries, or other political entities associated with [[leftist]] movements (e.g. [[Red Vienna]], [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Red Russia]]), etc.

====Kinship terms====
{{Unreferenced section|date=June 2018}}
The Hungarian words for brothers and sisters are differentiated based upon relative age. There is also a general word for "sibling": {{Lang|hu|testvér}}, from {{Lang|hu|test}} "body" and {{Lang|hu|vér}} "blood"; i.e., originating from the same body and blood.
{| class="wikitable"
! || younger || elder || unspecified{{br}}relative age
|-
! brother
| {{Lang|hu|öcs}}<!--yes, it's written as "öcs", not "öccs"--> || {{Lang|hu|báty}}<!-- it is written as "báty", not "bátya" --> || {{Lang|hu|fivér}} or{{br}}{{Lang|hu|fiútestvér}}
|-
! sister
| {{Lang|hu|húg}} || {{Lang|hu|nővér}}{{br}} {{Lang|hu|néne}} (archaic) || {{Lang|hu|nővér}} or{{br}}{{Lang|hu|lánytestvér}}
|-
! sibling
| {{Lang|hu|kistestvér}} || ({{Lang|hu|nagytestvér}}) || {{Lang|hu|testvér}}
|}

(There used to be a separate word for "elder sister", {{Lang|hu|néne}},<!-- NEM NÉNI, HANEM NÉNE, E-VEL--> but it has become obsolete [except to mean "aunt" in some dialects] and has been replaced by the generic word for "sister".)

In addition, there are separate prefixes for several ancestors and descendants:

{| class="wikitable"
|parent||grandparent||great-{{br}}grandparent||great-great-{{br}}grandparent||great-great-great-{{br}}grandparent
|great-great-great-great-
grandparent
|-
||''szülő''||''nagyszülő''||''déd(nagy)szülő''||''ük(nagy)szülő''||''szép(nagy)szülő''{{br}}(OR ''ük-ük(nagy)szülő'')
|''ó(nagy)szülő''
(OR ''ük-ük-ük(nagy)szülő)''
|-
|child||grandchild||great-{{br}}grandchild||great-great-{{br}}grandchild||great-great-great-{{br}}grandchild
|great-great-great-great-{{br}}grandchild
|-
|''gyerek''||''unoka''||''dédunoka''||''ükunoka''||''szépunoka''{{br}}(OR ''ük-ükunoka'')
|''óunoka''{{br}}(OR ''ük-ük-ükunoka'')
|}

The words for "boy" and "girl" are applied with possessive suffixes. Nevertheless, the terms are differentiated with different declension or lexemes:

{| class="wikitable"
! || boy/girl || (his/her){{br}}son/daughter || (his/her){{br}}lover, partner
|-
! male
| {{Lang|hu|fiú}} || {{Lang|hu|fia}} || {{Lang|hu|fiúja}}/{{Lang|hu|barátja}}
|-
! female
| {{Lang|hu|lány}} || {{Lang|hu|lánya}} || {{Lang|hu|barátnője}}
|}

{{Lang|hu|Fia}} is only used in this, irregular possessive form; it has no nominative on its own (see [[inalienable possession]]). However, the word {{Lang|hu|fiú}} can also take the regular suffix, in which case the resulting word ({{Lang|hu|fiúja}}) will refer to a lover or partner (boyfriend), rather than a male offspring.

The word {{Lang|hu|fiú}} (boy) is also often noted as an extreme example of the ability of the language to add suffixes to a word, by forming {{Lang|hu|fiaiéi}}, adding vowel-form suffixes only, where the result is quite a frequently used word:

{|class="wikitable"
| {{Lang|hu|fiú}} || boy
|-
| {{Lang|hu|fia}} || his/her son
|-
| {{Lang|hu|fiai}} || his/her sons
|-
| {{Lang|hu|fiáé}} || his/her son's (singular object)
|-
| {{Lang|hu|fiáéi}} || his/her son's (plural object)
|-
| {{Lang|hu|fiaié}} || his/her sons' (singular object)
|-
| {{Lang|hu|fiaiéi}} || his/her sons' (plural object)
|}

====Extremely long words====
* ''megszentségteleníthetetlenségeskedéseitekért''
: Partition to root and suffixes with explanations:
{|class="wikitable"
|-
| meg- || verb prefix; in this case, it means "completed"
|-
| szent || holy (the word root)
|-
| -ség || like English "-ness", as in "holiness"
|-
| -t(e)len || variant of "-tlen", noun suffix expressing the lack of something; like English "-less", as in "useless"
|-
| -ít || constitutes a transitive verb from an adjective
|-
| -het || expresses possibility; somewhat similar to the English modal verbs "may" or "can"
|-
| -(e)tlen || another variant of "-tlen"
|-
| -ség || (see above)
|-
| -es || constitutes an adjective from a noun; like English "-y" as in "witty"
|-
| -ked || attached to an adjective (e.g. "strong"), produces the verb "to pretend to be (strong)" <!-- cf. "okoskodik", "erősködik"; the "-ik" is dropped due to the further suffixes, thus it is better not to mark it in the table -->
|-
| -és || constitutes a noun from a verb; there are various ways this is done in English, e.g. "-ance" in "acceptance"
|-
| -eitek || plural possessive suffix, second-person plural (e.g. "apple" → "your apples", where "your" refers to multiple people)
|-
| -ért || approximately translates to "because of", or in this case simply "for"
|}

: '''Translation:''' "for your [plural] repeated pretending to be indesecratable"<!-- the element "repeated" comes from -ségeskedés-, which can refer to a constant and annoying habit-->

The above word is often considered to be the longest word in Hungarian, although there are longer words like:
* ''legeslegmegszentségteleníttethetetlenebbjeitekként''
: ''leges-leg-meg-'''''szent'''''-ség-telen-ít-tet-het-etlen-ebb-je-i-tek-ként''
: "like those of you that are the very least possible to get desecrated"

Words of such length are not used in practice and are difficult to understand even for natives. They were invented to show, in a somewhat facetious way, the ability of the language to form long words (see [[agglutinative language]]). They are not compound words but are formed by adding a series of one- and two-syllable suffixes (and a few prefixes) to a simple root ("szent", saint or holy).
There is virtually no limit for the length of words, but when too many suffixes are added, the meaning of the word becomes less clear, and the word becomes hard to understand and will work like a riddle even for native speakers.

====Hungarian words in English====
The English word best known as being of Hungarian origin is probably ''[[paprika]]'', from Serbo-Croatian ''papar'' "pepper" and the Hungarian diminutive ''-ka''. The most common, however, is ''[[Coach (carriage)|coach]]'', from ''kocsi'', originally ''kocsi szekér'' "car from/in the style of [[Kocs]]". Others are:
* [[shako]], from ''csákó'', from ''csákósüveg'' "peaked cap"
* [[sabre]], from ''szablya''
* [[wikt:heyduck|heyduck]], from ''hajdúk'', plural of ''hajdú'' "brigand"
* [[tolpatch]], from ''talpas'' "foot-soldier", apparently derived from ''talp'' "[[sole (foot)|sole]]".