Editing Holography (section)

==Holography using other types of waves==
In principle, it is possible to make a hologram for any [[wave]].

[[Electron holography]] is the application of holography techniques to electron waves rather than light waves. Electron holography was invented by Dennis Gabor to improve the resolution and avoid the aberrations of the [[transmission electron microscope]]. Today it is commonly used to study electric and magnetic fields in thin films, as magnetic and electric fields can shift the phase of the interfering wave passing through the sample.<ref>R. E. Dunin-Borkowski et al., Micros. Res. and Tech. vol. 64, pp. 390–402 (2004)</ref> The principle of electron holography can also be applied to [[interference lithography]].<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Ogai | first1 = K. | display-authors = etal | year = 1993 | title =  An Approach for Nanolithography Using Electron Holography| journal = Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. | volume = 32 | issue = 12S | pages = 5988–5992 | doi = 10.1143/jjap.32.5988 | bibcode = 1993JaJAP..32.5988O | s2cid = 123606284 }}</ref>

[[Acoustic holography]] enables sound maps of an object to be generated.  Measurements of the acoustic field are made at many points close to the object.  These measurements are digitally processed to produce the "images" of the object.<ref>{{cite web |title=Acoustic Holography |url=https://www.bksv.com/en/knowledge/applications/noise-source-identification/acoustic-holography |website=Bruel and Kjaer |access-date=3 September 2022}}</ref>

Atomic holography has evolved out of the development of the basic elements of [[atom optics]]. With the Fresnel diffraction lens and [[atomic mirror (physics)|atomic mirrors]] atomic holography follows a natural step in the development of the physics (and applications) of atomic beams. Recent developments including [[atomic mirror (physics)|atomic mirrors]] and especially [[ridged mirror]]s have provided the tools necessary for the creation of atomic holograms,<ref name="holo">{{Cite journal| title = Reflection-Type Hologram for Atoms | author = F. Shimizu |author2=J.Fujita |date=March 2002 |journal=[[Physical Review Letters]] |volume=88 | issue = 12 |page=123201 | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.123201 | pmid=11909457 | bibcode=2002PhRvL..88l3201S}}</ref> although such holograms have not yet been commercialized.

[[Neutron]] beam holography has been used to see the inside of solid objects.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2016/10/move-over-lasers-scientists-can-now-create-holograms-neutrons-too|title=Move Over, Lasers: Scientists Can Now Create Holograms from Neutrons, Too|last=Swenson|first=Gayle|date=2016-10-20|work=NIST|access-date=2017-04-04|language=en}}</ref>

Holograms with x-rays are generated by using [[synchrotron]]s or x-ray [[free-electron laser]]s as radiation sources and pixelated detectors such as [[Charge-coupled device|CCDs]] as recording medium.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Eisebitt | first1 = S. | display-authors = etal   | year = 2004 | title = Lensless imaging of magnetic nanostructures by X-ray spectro-holography  | url = https://zenodo.org/record/1233277| journal = Nature | volume = 432 | issue = 7019| pages = 885–888 | doi = 10.1038/nature03139 |bibcode = 2004Natur.432..885E | pmid=15602557| s2cid = 4423853 }}</ref> The reconstruction is then retrieved via computation. Due to the shorter wavelength of [[x-ray]]s compared to visible light, this approach allows imaging objects with higher spatial resolution.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Pfau | first1 = B. | display-authors = etal   | year = 2014 | title =Influence of stray fields on the switching-field distribution for bit-patterned media based on pre-patterned substrates  | url =https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01282859/file/Pfau_APL_2014.pdf | journal = Applied Physics Letters | volume = 105 | issue = 13| page = 132407 | doi = 10.1063/1.4896982 |bibcode = 2014ApPhL.105m2407P | s2cid = 121512138 }}</ref> As [[free-electron laser]]s can provide ultrashort and x-ray pulses in the range of [[femtosecond]]s which are intense and coherent, x-ray holography has been used to capture ultrafast dynamic processes.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Chapman | first1 = H. N. | display-authors = etal   | year = 2007 | title = Femtosecond time-delay X-ray holography | url = http://bib-pubdb1.desy.de//record/83807/files/Nature-merged.pdf| journal = Nature | volume = 448 | issue = 7154| pages = 676–679 | doi = 10.1038/nature06049 |bibcode = 2007Natur.448..676C | pmid=17687320| s2cid = 4406541 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Günther | first1 = C.M. | display-authors = etal   | year = 2011 | title = Sequential femtosecond X-ray imaging  | journal = Nature Photonics | volume = 5 | issue = 2| pages = 99–102 | doi = 10.1038/nphoton.2010.287 |bibcode = 2011NaPho...5...99G }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = von Korff | first1 = Schmising | year = 2014 | title = Imaging Ultrafast Demagnetization Dynamics after a Spatially Localized Optical Excitation | url = http://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/169124/files/DESY-2014-02806.pdf |display-authors=et al. | journal = Physical Review Letters | volume = 112 | issue = 21| page = 217203 | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.217203 | bibcode=2014PhRvL.112u7203V |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231207161245/https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/169124/files/DESY-2014-02806.pdf |archive-date= Dec 7, 2023 }}</ref>