Editing Haryana (section)

==Geography==
[[File:Mustard field near Chandigarh.jpg|thumb|A [[Mustard plant|mustard field]] in Haryana, near the state capital of [[Chandigarh]]]]
Haryana is a landlocked state in northern India. It is between 27°39' to 30°35' N latitude and between 74°28' and 77°36' E longitude.{{sfn|NIDM|p=2}} The total geographical area of the state is 4.42 m ha, which is 1.4% of the geographical area of the country.<ref name=agri/> The altitude of Haryana varies between 700 and 3600&nbsp;ft (200 metres to 1200 metres) above sea level.<ref>{{citation|title=Organizations|url=http://haryana.gov.in/departments/organizations.html|access-date=19 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181114182552/http://www.haryana.gov.in/departments/organizations.html|archive-date=14 November 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> Haryana has only 4% (compared with national 21.85%) area under forests.<ref name="harec1" /> [[Karoh Peak]], a {{convert|1467|m|ft|0|adj=on}} tall mountain peak in the Sivalik Hills range of the greater Himalayas range located near [[Morni Hills]] area of Panchkula district, is the highest point in Haryana.<ref name = hillsofmorni>{{cite web |title= Hills of Morni |url= http://www.hillsofmorni.com/morni-hills/karoh-peak-the-highest-point-in-morni |publisher= hillsofmorni.com |access-date= 24 March 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160314061747/http://www.hillsofmorni.com/morni-hills/karoh-peak-the-highest-point-in-morni/ |archive-date= 14 March 2016 |url-status=live|date= 27 September 2014 }}</ref><ref name = quickgs>{{cite web |title= Interesting Facts About Haryana |url= http://www.quickgs.com/interesting-facts-about-haryana/ |publisher= quickgs.com |access-date= 24 March 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160312032245/http://www.quickgs.com/interesting-facts-about-haryana |archive-date= 12 March 2016 |url-status=live|date= 7 May 2015 }}</ref><ref name = peakbagger>
  {{cite peakbagger| name = Karoh Peak |pid=53260| access-date = 24 March 2016}}</ref><ref name = uchicago>{{cite web | title= Gazetteer of India | url= https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/text.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V18_376.gif | publisher= University of Chicago | access-date= 24 March 2016 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160405214858/http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/text.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V18_376.gif | archive-date= 5 April 2016 | url-status=live}}</ref> Most of the state sits atop the fertile [[Ghaggar River|Ghaggar Plain]], a subsection of the [[Indo-Gangetic Plain]]. Haryana  has 4 states and 2 union territories on its border – Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Delhi, and Chandigarh.

===Plains and mountains===
Haryana has four main geographical features.{{sfn|NIDM|p=3}}
* The [[Yamuna]]-[[Ghaggar]] plain forming the largest part of the state is also called ''Delhi [[doab]]'' consists of ''Sutlej-Ghaggar doab'' (between Sutlej in the north of Punjab and the Ghaggar river flowing through northern Haryana), ''Ghaggar-Hakra doab'' (between Ghaggar river and [[Drishadvati river|Hakra]] or Drishadvati river which is the paleochannel of the holy [[Saraswati River]]) and ''Hakra-Yamuna doab'' (between Hakra river and Yamuna).
* The [[Shivalik Hills|Lower Shivalik Hills]] to the northeast in foothills of [[Himalaya]]
* The [[Bagar region]] semi-desert dry sandy plain in north west of Haryana, covering northwest districts of Sirsa, western Fatehabad and northwestern Hisar.
* The [[Aravalli Range|Aravali Range]]'s northernmost low rise isolated non-continuous outcrops in the [[South Haryana|south]], covering the Nuh district.

===Hydrography===
[[File:YamunaRiver.jpg|thumb|[[Yamuna]] river near the Haryana Border]]
The [[Yamuna]], a tributary of the [[Ganges]], flows along the state's eastern boundary.<ref>{{citation|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/haryana/river-saraswati-is-for-real-found-in-haryana_1591937.html|title=River Saraswati is for real, found in Haryana|work=Zee Nees|date=8 May 2015|access-date=12 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120040149/http://zeenews.india.com/news/haryana/river-saraswati-is-for-real-found-in-haryana_1591937.html|archive-date=20 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

Northern Haryana has several northeast to west flowing rivers originating from the [[Sivalik Hills]] of [[Himalayas]], such as [[Ghaggar River|Ghaggar]] ([[palaeochannel]] of vedic [[Sarasvati river]]),<ref name="ref42refar">
{{cite book | title=Students' Britannica India, Volumes 1-5 | author1=Dale Hoiberg | author2=Indu Ramchandani | publisher=Popular Prakashan, 2000 | isbn=978-0-85229-760-5 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AE_LIg9G5CgC | quote=... The Ghaggar River rises in the Shiwalik Range, northwestern [[Himachal Pradesh]] State, and flows about 320&nbsp;km southwest through Haryana State, where it receives the Saraswati River. Beyond the Otu Barrage, the Ghaggar River is known as the Hakra River which loses itself in the [[Thar Desert]]. Just southwest of Sirsa it feeds two irrigation canals that extend into [[Rajasthan]]. ... | year=2000 | access-date=13 November 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171206083034/https://books.google.com/books?id=AE_LIg9G5CgC | archive-date=6 December 2017 | url-status=live}}
</ref> [[Chautang]] (paleochannel of vedic [[Drishadvati river]], tributary of the Ghagghar),<ref name="Ambala">{{cite web|url=http://www.ambalaonline.in/city-guide/rivers-in-ambala|title=Rivers in Ambala, Markanda River Ambala, Tangri River Ambala|website=ambalaonline.in|access-date=4 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171113165622/http://www.ambalaonline.in/city-guide/rivers-in-ambala|archive-date=13 November 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="IE1">{{cite news | url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/overflowing-ghaggar-tangri-inundate-some-villages-along-punjabharyana-border/687474/ | newspaper=The Indian Express | title=Overflowing Ghaggar, Tangri inundate some villages along Punjab-Haryana border | first=Sanjeev | last=Chopra | date=25 September 2010 | access-date=9 April 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180628231143/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/overflowing-ghaggar-tangri-inundate-some-villages-along-punjabharyana-border/687474/ | archive-date=28 June 2018 | url-status=live}}</ref> [[Tangri river]] (tributary of the Ghagghar),<ref name="Ambala" /><ref name="IE1" /> [[Kaushalya river]] (tributary of the Ghagghar),<ref name="MH1">{{cite web|url=http://www.hillsofmorni.com/around-morni/kaushalya-dam/|title=Kaushalya Dam|date=13 December 2012|access-date=4 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171114024025/http://www.hillsofmorni.com/around-morni/kaushalya-dam/|archive-date=14 November 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Markanda river, Haryana|Markanda River]] (tributary of Ghagghar),<ref name="Ambala"/><ref name="IE1"/> [[Sarsuti]],<ref name="Ambala"/><ref name="IE1"/> [[Dangri]],<ref name="Ambala"/><ref name="IE1"/> [[Somb river]].<ref name="SombHar1">{{cite web|url=http://www.haryana-online.com/geography.htm|title=HaryanaOnline - Geography of Haryana|access-date=4 December 2017|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201121800/http://www.haryana-online.com/geography.htm|archive-date=1 February 2016}}</ref> Haryana's main seasonal river, the Ghaggar-Hakra, known as Ghaggar before the [[Ottu barrage]] and as the Hakra downstream of the barrage,<ref name="ref42refar"/> rises in the outer Himalayas, between the Yamuna and the [[Satluj]] and enters the state near [[Pinjore]] in the [[Panchkula district]], passes through [[Ambala]] and [[Sirsa district|Sirsa]], it reaches [[Bikaner]] in [[Rajasthan]] and runs for {{convert|460|km|abbr=on}} before disappearing into the deserts of Rajasthan.<ref name=kurukshetra>{{citation|url=http://www.kurukshetra.nic.in/AtAGlance/Rivers/index.htm|title=Geography- others|publisher=District Administration, Kurukshetra|access-date=1 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180502082953/http://kurukshetra.nic.in/AtAGlance/Rivers/index.htm|archive-date=2 May 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> The seasonal [[Markanda River, Haryana|Markanda River]], known as the ''Aruna'' in ancient times, originates from the lower Shivalik Hills and enters Haryana west of [[Ambala]], and swells into a raging torrent during monsoon is notorious for its devastating power, carries its surplus water on to the Sanisa Lake where the Markanda joins the Sarasuti and later the Ghaggar.<ref name=kurukshetra/>

Southern Haryana has several south-west to east flowing seasonal rivulets originating from the [[Aravalli Range]] in and around the hills in [[Mewat]] region, including [[Sahibi River]]<ref name=culture1>[https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0391023586 Cultural Contours of India: Dr. Satya Prakash Felicitation Volume, Vijai Shankar Śrivastava, 1981]. {{ISBN|0391023586}}</ref><ref name="Sahibi1">{{cite web|url=http://www.indiamapped.in/revers-in-india/haryana/sahibi-river|title=Sahibi river|access-date=4 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012201926/http://www.indiamapped.in/revers-in-india/haryana/sahibi-river|archive-date=12 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=AKjain>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1PjJD61h8Q0C&q=sahibi+river&pg=PA41|title=River Pollution|first=A.K.|last=Jain|date=4 December 2017|publisher=APH Publishing|access-date=4 December 2017|via=Google Books|isbn=9788131304631}}</ref><ref name=Dariba>[https://books.google.com/books?isbn=812460049X Minerals and Metals in Ancient India: Archaeological evidence], Arun Kumar Biswas, Sulekha Biswas, University of Michigan. 1996. {{ISBN|812460049X}}.</ref> (called [[Najafgarh drain]] in Delhi),<ref name=najafpolluted1>{{cite web|url=http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=138509|title=Latest News, Breaking News Live, Current Headlines, India News Online - The Indian Express|website=The Indian Express|access-date=4 December 2017}}{{dead link|date=February 2023|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref name=najafpolluted2>[http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=118627 Environment Minister raises a stink over Najafgarh jheel]{{dead link|date=February 2023|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}, 22 February 2005, The Indian Express</ref><ref>[http://www.indianexpress.com/news/najafgarh-basin-delhis-most-polluted-area/558870/ Najafgarh basin Delhi's most polluted area] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100119214020/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/najafgarh-basin-delhis-most-polluted-area/558870/ |date=19 January 2010 }}, 25 December 2009, The Indian Express</ref><ref name=najafpolluted3>[http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-12-25/pollution/28101026_1_industrial-clusters-industrial-hubs-najafgarh-drain Najafgarh drain 11th among highly polluted industrial clusters] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120701125350/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-12-25/pollution/28101026_1_industrial-clusters-industrial-hubs-najafgarh-drain |date=1 July 2012 }}, 25 December 2009, The [[Times of India]]</ref><ref name=najafpolluted4>[http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=191225Najafgarh drain causes less pollution in Yamuna now]{{dead link|date=February 2023|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}, 4 July 2006, The Indian Express</ref> [[Dohan river]] (tributary of Sahibi, originates at Mandoli village near [[Neem Ka Thana]] in [[Jhunjhunu district]] of [[Rajasthan]] and then disappears in Mahendragarh district),<ref name="Sahibi1"/><ref name=Dariba/> [[Krishnavati river]] (former tributary of Sahibi river, originates near [[Dariba, Rajasthan|Dariba]] and disappears in Mahendragarh district much before reaching Sahibi river)<ref name="Sahibi1"/><ref name=Dariba/> and [[Indori river]] (longest tributary of Sahibi River, originates in [[Sikar district]] of [[Rajasthan]] and flows to Rewari district of Haryana), these once were tributaries of the [[Drishadwati]]/[[Saraswati]] river.<ref name="autogenerated3">{{cite web|url=http://www.haryana-online.com/geography.htm |title=Geography of Haryana - Map, Shivaliks, Ghaggar, Yamuna, Saraswati, Morni - India |work=haryana-online.com |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201121800/http://www.haryana-online.com/geography.htm |archive-date=1 February 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=Haryana to meet Rajasthan over stopping of river waters|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Haryana-to-meet-Rajasthan-over-stopping-of-river-waters/articleshow/45399754.cms|work=The Times of India|author=Siwach, Sukhbir|date=7 December 2014|access-date=12 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205134642/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Haryana-to-meet-Rajasthan-over-stopping-of-river-waters/articleshow/45399754.cms|archive-date=5 February 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>Sudhir Bhargava,"Location of Brahmavarta and Drishadwati River is important to find earliest alignment of Saraswati River", International Conference, 20–22 Nov 2009, "Saraswati-a perspective" pages 114–117, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Organised by: Saraswati Nadi Shodh Sansthan, Haryana.</ref>

[[File:Kaushalya Dam.jpg|thumb|[[Kaushalya Dam]]]]
Major canals are [[Western Yaumna Canal|Western Yamuna Canal]],<ref name="WYC">{{cite web|url=http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Western_Yamuna_Canal_Major_Irrigation_Project_JI01653|title=Western Yamuna Canal Major Irrigation Project JI01653 -|website=india-wris.nrsc.gov.in|access-date=4 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171113165614/http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Western_Yamuna_Canal_Major_Irrigation_Project_JI01653|archive-date=13 November 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="india.gov.in">{{cite web|url=https://www.india.gov.in/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207085128/http://india.gov.in/sectors/water_resources/sutlej_link.php|url-status=dead|title=National Portal of India|archive-date=7 February 2009|website=india.gov.in}}</ref><ref name=obs1>{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/archieve/lreleng/lyr2003/rmar2003/04032003/r040320035.html|title=PIB Press Releases|website=pib.nic.in|access-date=4 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301205001/http://pib.nic.in/archieve/lreleng/lyr2003/rmar2003/04032003/r040320035.html|archive-date=1 March 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Sutlej Yamuna link canal]] (from [[Sutlej]] river tributary of [[Indus]]),<ref name="india.gov.in"/><ref name=obs1/> and [[Indira Gandhi Canal]].<ref name=igc1>Ramtanu Maitra: The Indira Gandhi Canal: greening the desert in India EIR Volume 14, Number 7, 13 February 1987</ref>

Major dams are [[Kaushalya Dam]] in Panchkula district,<ref name=":0">{{cite web | url=http://www.hillsofmorni.com/around-morni/kaushalya-dam/ | title=Kaushalya Dam | publisher=Hills of Morni | date=13 December 2012 | access-date=14 June 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140523064947/http://www.hillsofmorni.com/around-morni/kaushalya-dam/ | archive-date=23 May 2014 | url-status=live}}</ref> [[Hathnikund Barrage]]<ref name="WYC"/><ref name=hath1>{{cite web|last=Tak|first=Prakash C.|author2=Jagdish P. Sati|author3=Anjum N. Rizvi|title=Status of waterbirds at Hathnikund Barrage wetland, Yamunanagar District, Haryana, India|date=April 2010|volume=2|issue=4|pages=841|url=http://threatenedtaxa.org/ZooPrintJournal/2010/April/o220026iv10841-844.pdf|access-date=10 July 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120317104520/http://threatenedtaxa.org/ZooPrintJournal/2010/April/o220026iv10841-844.pdf|archive-date=17 March 2012}}</ref> and [[Tajewala Barrage]] on Yamuna in Yamunanagar district,<ref name="WYC"/><ref name="hath1" /><ref name="Haberman2006">{{cite book|last=Haberman|first=David L.|title=River of love in an age of pollution: the Yamuna River of northern India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=63uDsPPr48gC&pg=PA78|access-date=2 June 2011|year=2006|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-24789-5|page=78}}</ref> [[Pathrala barrage]] on Somb river in Yamunanagar district,<ref name="WYC"/><ref name="Haberman2006"/> ancient [[Anagpur Dam]] near Surajkund in Faridabad district,<ref name=Peck>{{cite book |last=Peck |first=Lucy |title=Delhi - A thousand years of Building |page=29 |publisher=Roli Books Pvt Ltd. |location=New Delhi |year=2005 |isbn=81-7436-354-8 |url=https://www.vedamsbooks.com/no43813.htm |access-date=5 September 2009 |quote=Suraj Kund dam and Surajkund tank: One of the two significant structures in the area, the dam lies about {{cvt|1|km|disp=sqbr}} to the north of the Anangpur village. A path from the main village street will lead you in to flat pastureland. Head for the small rocky hill ahead of you and climb over it. On the other side is another flat area, rather thickly covered in thorn trees. It is worth finding a way through them to the dam that straddles the gap between the two nearby hills. The dam is an impressive edifice {{convert|50|m|ft|abbr=on|disp=sqbr}} wide and {{convert|7|m|ft|abbr=on|disp=sqbr}} high built from accurately hewn quartzite blocks.---There is a passage for the egress of water at the level of the ground on the dammed side. The flat land across which you have walked is clearly caused by centuries of silt deposits in the lake that once existed behind this dam. The land around has been vwey heavily quarried recently, so further archaeological finds are unlikely. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060312215021/https://www.vedamsbooks.com/no43813.htm |archive-date=12 March 2006 |url-status=live  }}</ref><ref name= Mohan>{{cite web|url=http://www.isprs.org/congresses/istanbul2004/comm5/papers/676.pdf|title=Spatial Data Modeling in GIS for Historical Restoration and Conservation of Cultural Heritage of Seven Cities of Delhi|author=Madan Mohan|access-date=7 September 2009|publisher=Department of Geography, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University) New Delhi, India|archive-date=26 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426130611/https://www.isprs.org/congresses/istanbul2004/comm5/papers/676.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> and [[Ottu barrage]] on Ghaggar-Hakra River in Sirsa district.<ref name="ref36hahor">{{Citation | title=Imperial gazetteer of India | author=Sir William Wilson Hunter, India Office | publisher=Clarendon Press, 1908 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iUAKAQAAIAAJ | quote=... It was agreed between the British Government and the State of Bikaner that the Dhanur lake, about 8 miles from Sirsa, should be converted into a reservoir by the construction of a masonry weir at Otu ... two canals, the northern and southern ... constructed with famine labor in 1896-7 ... 6.3 lakhs, of which 2.8 lakhs was debited to Bikaner ... | year=1908 | access-date=13 November 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130929213116/http://books.google.com/books?id=iUAKAQAAIAAJ | archive-date=29 September 2013 | url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="indexp2002ysf">{{Citation | title=Tau here, Tau there, Tau everywhere | author=Mukesh Bhardwaj | date=7 April 2002 | access-date=28 November 2010 | newspaper=The Indian Express | url=http://www.indianexpress.com/oldStory/449/ | quote=... The prestigious Panipat Thermal Plant was named after Devi Lal, as was the new tourist complex at Ottu weir in Sirsa ... | archive-date=24 April 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220424220014/https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/tau-here-tau-there-tau-everywhere/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="jagran2010kfa">{{Citation | title=बस साल भर बाद खेतों की प्यास बुझाएगी ओटू झील (Ottu reservoir will begin quenching the thirst of fields in only a year) | date=27 May 2010 | access-date=28 November 2010 | newspaper=Dainik Jagran | url=http://in.jagran.yahoo.com/news/local/haryana/4_6_6421654.html | quote=''... किसानों की समस्या से निजात दिलाने में सहायक ओटू झील की याद बरबस किसानों व सिंचाई विभाग को आना लाज़िमी है। सिंचाई विभाग ने किसानों के हित को ध्यान में रखते हुए झील की खुदाई की गति तेज़ कर दी है (it is obvious that the suffering farmers and the irrigation department would look to the Ottu reservoir. Mindful of the farmers' interests, the irrigation department has accelerated the work to deepen Ottu reservoir) ...'' | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726050310/http://in.jagran.yahoo.com/news/local/haryana/4_6_6421654.html | archive-date=26 July 2011 | url-status=dead }}</ref>

Major lakes are Dighal Wetland, [[Basai Wetland]], [[Badkhal Lake]] in Faridabad,<ref name=badkhal1>{{cite web|title=Badkhal |url=http://haryanatourism.gov.in/destination/badkhal.asp |publisher=Haryana Tourism, Government of Haryana |access-date=18 March 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302053727/http://haryanatourism.gov.in/destination/badkhal.asp |archive-date=2 March 2014 }}</ref><ref name=badkhal2>
{{cite magazine| title = Delhi's water bodies face threat of extinction| magazine = India Today| url = http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/delhi-water-bodies-extinct-mcd-delhi-parks-and-lakes-society/1/346248.html| date = 1 March 2014| access-date = 18 March 2014| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171107153406/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/delhi-water-bodies-extinct-mcd-delhi-parks-and-lakes-society/1/346248.html| archive-date = 7 November 2017| url-status=live}}
</ref> holy [[Brahma Sarovar]]<ref name=kurudist3>{{cite news|title=Lakhs take dip in Brahma Sarovar on Occasion of Solar Eclipse|url=http://news.oneindia.in/2006/03/29/lakhs-take-dip-in-brahma-sarovar-on-occasion-of-solar-eclipse-1143642694.html|access-date=25 October 2014|agency=United News of IndiaI|publisher=oneindia.in|date=29 March 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141025190607/http://news.oneindia.in/2006/03/29/lakhs-take-dip-in-brahma-sarovar-on-occasion-of-solar-eclipse-1143642694.html|archive-date=25 October 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=kurudist4>{{cite news|last1=Dutt|first1=K.G.|title=Three hundred thousand take holy dip|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/1998/98aug23/head2.htm|access-date=25 October 2014|newspaper=The Tribune India|date=23 August 1998|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141025191427/http://www.tribuneindia.com/1998/98aug23/head2.htm|archive-date=25 October 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[Sannihit Sarovar]] in Kurukshetra,<ref name=kurudist1>{{cite web | title = Religious Places in Kurukshetra - Brahma Sarovar | publisher = Kurukshetra district website | url = http://www.kurukshetra.nic.in/tour/Religious/tirath/Kurukshetra/010-brahmsarovar/index.htm#top | access-date = 8 August 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140729232051/http://www.kurukshetra.nic.in/tour/Religious/tirath/Kurukshetra/010-brahmsarovar/index.htm#top | archive-date = 29 July 2014 | url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Blue Bird Lake]] in Hisar,<ref name=blue1>{{cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/vets-screen-geese-shut-hisar-s-bluebird-lake/21336.html|title=Title: The Tribune - Hisar Bluebird lake, Published 23 December 2014. Retrieved 26 March 2016|access-date=4 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821173905/http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/vets-screen-geese-shut-hisar-s-bluebird-lake/21336.html|archive-date=21 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=blue2>{{cite web|url=http://haryanatourism.gov.in/destination/bluebird.asp|title=Blue Bird (Hisar)|date=11 October 2011|access-date=4 December 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011073014/http://haryanatourism.gov.in/destination/bluebird.asp|archive-date=11 October 2011}}</ref> [[Damdama Lake]] at [[Sohna]],<ref name="dum1">[http://www.damdamalake.com Damdama lake] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181127151930/http://www.damdamalake.com/ |date=27 November 2018 }}, official website.</ref><ref name="dum2">Rajiv Tiwari, [https://books.google.com/books?id=FBRYCgAAQBAJ&dq=damdama+lake&pg=PT117 "Delhi A Travel Guide"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181127110551/https://books.google.com/books?id=FBRYCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT117&dq=damdama+lake#v=onepage&q=damdama%20lake |date=27 November 2018 }}, {{ISBN|9798128819703}}.</ref> [[Hathni Kund]] in Yamunanagar district,<ref name="WYC" /><ref name="hath1" /> [[Karna Lake]] at Karnal,<ref name="karna1">Page 153, Tourism: Theory, Planning, and Practice, By K.K. Karma, Krishnan K. Kamra, Published 1997, Indus Publishing, {{ISBN|81-7387-073-X}}</ref> ancient [[Surajkund]] in [[Faridabad]],<ref name=Peck/><ref name=Sharma>{{cite book |last=Sharma |first=Y.D |title=Delhi and its Neighbourhood |page=100 in 161 |access-date=5 September 2009 |publisher=Archaeological Survey of India |location=New Delhi |year=2001 |url=http://www.indiaclub.com/Shop/SearchResults.asp?ProdStock=8780 |quote=Page 100: Suraj Kund lies about 3&nbsp;km south-east of Tughlaqabad in district Gurgaon---The reservoir is believed to have been constructed in the tenth century by King Surjapal of Tomar dynasty, whose existence is based on Bardic tradition. Page 101: About 2&nbsp;km south-west of Surajkund, close to the village of Anagpur (also called Arangpur is a dam ascribed to Anagpal of the Tomar Dynasty, who is also credited with building the [[Lal Kot]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050831215230/http://www.indiaclub.com/shop/SearchResults.asp?ProdStock=8780 |archive-date=31 August 2005 }}</ref><ref name=suraj>{{cite web |url= http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_tktd_haryana_surajkund.asp |title= Ticketed Monuments – Haryana: Suraj Kund |access-date= 5 September 2009 |publisher= National Informatics Centre, Government of India |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20091011023435/http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_tktd_haryana_surajkund.asp |archive-date= 11 October 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> and [[Tilyar Lake]] in Rohtak.<ref name=til>Page 149, ''India: A Travel Guide'', By B.R. Kishore, published 2001, Diamond Pocket Books (P) Limited, {{ISBN|81-284-0067-3}}</ref><ref name=til4>{{cite web|url=http://cza.nic.in/Status%20of%20Master%20Plan%20Submitted%20by%20Zoos.pdf|title=List of zoos who have submitted their master plan|access-date=4 December 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304054343/http://www.cza.nic.in/Status%20of%20Master%20Plan%20Submitted%20by%20Zoos.pdf|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref><ref name=til5>{{cite web|url=http://haryanaforest.gov.in/protect.aspx|title=Protected Area|website=haryanaforest.gov.in|access-date=4 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512232130/http://haryanaforest.gov.in/protect.aspx|archive-date=12 May 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The ''Haryana State Waterbody Management Board'' is responsible for the rejuvenation of 14,000 [[Johad#Johads of Haryana|johads of Haryana]] and up to 60 lakes in [[National Capital Region (India)|National Capital Region]] falling within the Haryana state.<ref name=HarWater1>[http://indianexpress.com/article/chandigarh/haryana-to-develop-50-60-small-lakes-water-bodies-in-ncr-manohar-lal-khattar-4918316/ "Haryana to develop 50-60 small lakes, water bodies in NCR: Manohar Lal Khattar"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107062251/http://indianexpress.com/article/chandigarh/haryana-to-develop-50-60-small-lakes-water-bodies-in-ncr-manohar-lal-khattar-4918316/ |date=7 November 2017 }}, [[Indian Express]], 1 November 2017.</ref><ref name=HarWater2>[http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/haryana-to-constitute-pond-management-authority-117110101271_1.html "Haryana to constitute pond management authority "] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107003731/http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/haryana-to-constitute-pond-management-authority-117110101271_1.html |date=7 November 2017 }}, [[Business Standard]], 1 November 2017.</ref>

The only [[hot spring]] in Haryana is the [[Sohna#Sohna Sulphur Hot Spring|Sohna Sulphur Hot Spring]] at [[Sohna]] in Gurgaon district.<ref name=trib200>[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20000218/haryana.htm#2 "Sohna Hot Spring."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171104211236/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20000218/haryana.htm#2 |date=4 November 2017 }}, The Tribune.</ref><ref name=HT1>{{cite web|url=http://haryanatourism.gov.in/showpage.aspx?contentid=5617&serviceid=39|title=Hotel Detail - Haryana Tourism Corporation Limited.|website=haryanatourism.gov.in|access-date=4 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170213152258/http://haryanatourism.gov.in/showpage.aspx?contentid=5617&serviceid=39|archive-date=13 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Tosham Hill range]] has several [[Tosham Hill range#Sacred Sulphur Ponds of Tosham Hill|sacred sulphur ponds]] of religious significance that are revered for the healing impact of [[sulphur]], such as ''Pandu Teerth Kund'', ''Surya Kund'', ''Kukkar Kund'', ''Gyarasia Kund'' or ''Vyas Kund''.<ref name=toshamsulfur1>2004, [https://books.google.com/books?id=MvAdAQAAMAAJ&q=sulphur+tosham "Records, Volume 135, Part 1."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181127110452/https://books.google.com/books?id=MvAdAQAAMAAJ&q=sulphur+tosham&dq=sulphur+tosham |date=27 November 2018 }}, [[Geological Survey of India]], Page 144.</ref>

Seasonal waterfalls include [[Morni#Tikkar Taal|Tikkar Taal twin lakes]] at [[Morni|Morni hiills]], [[Dhosi Hill]] in Mahendragarh district and [[Pali village]] on the outskirts of Faridabad.

===Climate===
Haryana is hot in summer at around {{convert|45|C}} and mild in winter. The hottest months are May and June and the coldest are December and January.<ref name="autogenerated3" /> The climate is arid to semi-arid with an average rainfall of 592.93&nbsp;mm.<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Bank Climate Change Knowledge Portal |url=https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/ |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org |language=en |archive-date=8 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210908011654/https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Around 29% of rainfall is received during the months from July to September as a result of the [[monsoon]], and the remaining rainfall is received during the period from December to February as a result of the [[Western Disturbance|western disturbance]].<ref name=agri>{{citation|title=Home|url=http://agriharyana.nic.in|publisher=Department of Agriculture (Haryana)|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117023236/http://agriharyana.nic.in/|archive-date=17 November 2015}}</ref>{{Weather box
| location = Gurgaon (1991–2020, extremes 1965–2000)
| metric first = Y
| single line = Y
| Jan record high C = 28.0
| Feb record high C = 33.5
| Mar record high C = 39.5
| Apr record high C = 44.8
| May record high C = 49.0
| Jun record high C = 47.5
| Jul record high C = 45.0
| Aug record high C = 41.0
| Sep record high C = 41.2
| Oct record high C = 39.3
| Nov record high C = 38.4
| Dec record high C = 32.5
| year record high C = 49.0
| Jan high C = 20.1
| Feb high C = 23.8
| Mar high C = 29.9
| Apr high C = 36.9
| May high C = 40.9
| Jun high C = 39.3
| Jul high C = 35.9
| Aug high C = 33.9
| Sep high C = 33.4
| Oct high C = 32.0
| Nov high C = 27.8
| Dec high C = 22.5
| year high C = 31.2
| Jan low C = 6.9
| Feb low C = 9.5
| Mar low C = 14.0
| Apr low C = 19.6
| May low C = 24.6
| Jun low C = 26.7
| Jul low C = 26.7
| Aug low C = 25.8
| Sep low C = 24.4
| Oct low C = 18.0
| Nov low C = 12.0
| Dec low C = 7.5
| year low C = 17.7
| Jan record low C = 0.0
| Feb record low C = 0.7
| Mar record low C = 3.7
| Apr record low C = 9.2
| May record low C = 14.8
| Jun record low C = 12.0
| Jul record low C = 21.0
| Aug record low C = 15.5
| Sep record low C = 13.9
| Oct record low C = 9.3
| Nov record low C = 2.6
| Dec record low C = -0.4
| year record low C = -0.4
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 13.5
| Feb rain mm = 16.9
| Mar rain mm = 3.4
| Apr rain mm = 8.2
| May rain mm = 22.7
| Jun rain mm = 79.2
| Jul rain mm = 135.5
| Aug rain mm = 211.4
| Sep rain mm = 120.2
| Oct rain mm = 15.9
| Nov rain mm = 10.7
| Dec rain mm = 11.0
| year rain mm = 648.6
| Jan rain days = 1.2
| Feb rain days = 1.2
| Mar rain days = 0.5
| Apr rain days = 0.6
| May rain days = 1.7
| Jun rain days = 4.3
| Jul rain days = 7.6
| Aug rain days = 8.5
| Sep rain days = 5.5
| Oct rain days = 1.3
| Nov rain days = 1.0
| Dec rain days = 0.8
| year rain days = 34.2
|time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| Jan humidity = 54
| Feb humidity = 45
| Mar humidity = 37
| Apr humidity = 28
| May humidity = 31
| Jun humidity = 40
| Jul humidity = 63
| Aug humidity = 69
| Sep humidity = 59
| Oct humidity = 45
| Nov humidity = 47
| Dec humidity = 55
|year humidity = 48
|source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref name=IMDnormals>{{Cite web |title=IMD - CDSP |url=https://cdsp.imdpune.gov.in/extremes_1991_2020/?stn=42178 |access-date=31 March 2024 |website=cdsp.imdpune.gov.in |archive-date=2 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240402060813/https://cdsp.imdpune.gov.in/extremes_1991_2020/?stn=42178 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=IMDextremes>{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf| archive-date = 5 February 2020| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf| title = Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)| publisher = India Meteorological Department| date = December 2016| page = M64| access-date = 1 March 2020}}</ref>}}
{{Weather box
| location = Karnal (1991–2020, extremes 1949–2012)
| metric first = Y
| single line = Y
| Jan record high C = 31.2
| Feb record high C = 33.2
| Mar record high C = 37.5
| Apr record high C = 45.2
| May record high C = 46.0
| Jun record high C = 45.6
| Jul record high C = 43.9
| Aug record high C = 42.0
| Sep record high C = 38.3
| Oct record high C = 39.3
| Nov record high C = 34.4
| Dec record high C = 28.5
| year record high C = 46.0
| Jan high C = 18.2
| Feb high C = 22.2
| Mar high C = 27.7
| Apr high C = 35.5
| May high C = 38.6
| Jun high C = 37.6
| Jul high C = 33.8
| Aug high C = 32.6
| Sep high C = 32.3
| Oct high C = 31.8
| Nov high C = 27.3
| Dec high C = 21.5
| year high C = 30.0
| Jan low C = 6.4
| Feb low C = 8.9
| Mar low C = 12.9
| Apr low C = 18.3
| May low C = 23.1
| Jun low C = 25.4
| Jul low C = 26.0
| Aug low C = 25.3
| Sep low C = 23.2
| Oct low C = 17.3
| Nov low C = 11.5
| Dec low C = 7.4
| year low C = 17.2
| Jan record low C = -0.3
| Feb record low C = 0.6
| Mar record low C = 3.5
| Apr record low C = 9.0
| May record low C = 14.5
| Jun record low C = 18.0
| Jul record low C = 16.0
| Aug record low C = 18.4
| Sep record low C = 16.0
| Oct record low C = 9.4
| Nov record low C = 3.0
| Dec record low C = -0.4
| year record low C = -0.4
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 32.5
| Feb rain mm = 28.9
| Mar rain mm = 21.1
| Apr rain mm = 13.3
| May rain mm = 27.6
| Jun rain mm = 98.4
| Jul rain mm = 172.8
| Aug rain mm = 160.4
| Sep rain mm = 128.4
| Oct rain mm = 4.3
| Nov rain mm = 2.0
| Dec rain mm = 6.0
| year rain mm = 695.4
| Jan rain days = 1.7
| Feb rain days = 2.1
| Mar rain days = 1.5
| Apr rain days = 1.2
| May rain days = 1.7
| Jun rain days = 5.1
| Jul rain days = 7.8
| Aug rain days = 8.0
| Sep rain days = 5.0
| Oct rain days = 0.3
| Nov rain days = 0.2
| Dec rain days = 0.6
| year rain days = 35.4
|time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| Jan humidity = 64
| Feb humidity = 58
| Mar humidity = 51
| Apr humidity = 31
| May humidity = 33
| Jun humidity = 44
| Jul humidity = 67
| Aug humidity = 73
| Sep humidity = 68
| Oct humidity = 54
| Nov humidity = 53
| Dec humidity = 60
|year humidity = 55
|source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref name=IMDnormals />
<ref name=IMDextremes />
}}

===Flora and fauna===
{| class="toccolours" style="margin:1em; float:right; width:25%;"
|+ '''State symbols of Haryana'''
|-
| '''Formation day'''
| 1 November (Day of<br />separation from Punjab)
|-
| '''State mammal'''
| [[Black buck]]<ref name="wiisymbols">{{cite web|url=http://www.wii.gov.in/nwdc/state_animals_tree_flowers.pdf|archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20070615001645/http://www.wii.gov.in/nwdc/state_animals_tree_flowers.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 June 2007|title=State animals, birds, trees and flowers|publisher=Wildlife Institute of India|access-date=5 March 2012}}</ref>
|-
| '''State bird'''
| [[Black francolin]]
|-
| '''State tree'''
| [[Peepal]]<ref name="wiisymbols"/>
|-
| '''State flower'''
| [[Lotus (genus)|Lotus]]<ref name="wiisymbols"/>
|}

====Forests====
Forest cover in the state in 2013 was 3.59% (1586&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>) and the tree cover in the state was 2.90% (1282&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>), giving a total forest and tree cover of 6.49%.<ref>{{citation|title=Welcome To Our Website|url=http://haryanaforest.gov.in/HomeContent1.aspx|publisher=Haryana Forest Department|access-date=1 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180327010800/http://haryanaforest.gov.in/HomeContent1.aspx|archive-date=27 March 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2016 and 2017, 18,412 hectares were brought under tree cover by planting 14.1&nbsp;million seedlings.<ref name="harec1" /> Thorny, dry, deciduous forest and thorny shrubs can be found all over the state. During the [[monsoon]], a carpet of grass covers the hills. [[Mulberry]], [[eucalyptus]], pine, kikar, [[shisham]] and babul are found here. The species of [[fauna]] found in the state of Haryana include [[black buck]], [[nilgai]], [[Leopard|panther]], [[fox]], [[mongoose]], [[jackal]] and wild dog. More than 450 species of birds are found here.<ref>{{citation|title=Flora and Fauna|url=http://www.knowmyindia.com/haryana/gurgaon/sultanpur-national-park/flora-and-fauna.html|access-date=12 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101032538/http://www.knowmyindia.com/haryana/gurgaon/sultanpur-national-park/flora-and-fauna.html|archive-date=1 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=Conservation of Wildlife|url=http://haryanaforest.gov.in/conservation.aspx|access-date=1 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180327013117/http://haryanaforest.gov.in/conservation.aspx|archive-date=27 March 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{citation|url=http://www.haryana-online.com/fauna.htm |title=Fauna of Haryana |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151202230620/http://haryana-online.com/fauna.htm |archive-date=2 December 2015 }}</ref>

===={{anchor | Protected wildlife areas of Haryana }} Wildlife====
[[File:Watercock (41632546090).jpg|thumb|Watercock]]
{{see also|List of National Parks & Wildlife Sanctuaries of Haryana, India}}
Haryana has two national parks, eight wildlife sanctuaries, two wildlife conservation areas, four animal and bird breeding centers, one deer park and three zoos, all of which are managed by the Haryana Forest Department of the Government of Haryana.<ref>{{citation|title=Parks, Reserves and Other Protected Areas in Haryana|url=http://haryanaforest.gov.in/protect.aspx|access-date=11 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512232130/http://haryanaforest.gov.in/protect.aspx|archive-date=12 May 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Protected Area|url=http://haryanaforest.gov.in/protect.aspx|publisher=haryanaforest.gov.in|access-date=4 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512232130/http://haryanaforest.gov.in/protect.aspx|archive-date=12 May 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Sultanpur National Park]] is a notable park in Gurgaon District

===Environmental and ecological issues===
{{see also|Air pollution in India}} 
[[Haryana Environment Protection Council]] is the advisory committee and the Department of Environment, Haryana is the department responsible for the administration of the environment. Areas of Haryana surrounding [[National Capital Region (India)|Delhi NCR]] are the most polluted. During the [[smog]] of November 2017, the [[air quality index]] of [[Gurgaon]] and [[Faridabad]] showed that the density of [[Particulates|fine particulates]] (2.5 [[Micrometre|μm]] diameter) was an average a score of 400 and the monthly average of Haryana was 60. Other sources of pollution are [[exhaust gas]]es from old vehicles, [[Crusher|stone crushers]] and brick kilns. Haryana has 7.5&nbsp;million vehicles, of which 40% are old, more polluting vehicles, and 500,000 new vehicles are added every year. Other majorly polluted cities are [[Bhiwani]], [[Bahadurgarh]], [[Dharuhera]], [[Hisar (city)|Hisar]] and [[Yamunanagar]].<ref name=harenv1>[https://translate.google.com/translate?&sl=hi&tl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jagran.com%2Fnews%2Fnational-air-pollution-effect-from-punjab-to-patna-17024258.html "From Punjab to Patna pollution spreads."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220424220015/https://www-jagran-com.translate.goog/news/national-air-pollution-effect-from-punjab-to-patna-17024258.html?_x_tr_sl=hi&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-US |date=24 April 2022 }}, [[Dainik Jagran]], 12 November 2017.</ref>