Editing Hamburg (section)

==Culture==
[[File:Abel Seyler silhouette - Basel.svg|thumb|[[Abel Seyler]], one of the great theatre principals of 18th century Europe, established Hamburg as a major centre of theatrical innovation in the 1760s.]]
From the 1760s the theatre director [[Abel Seyler]]—the leader of the [[Hamburg National Theatre]] and subsequently the [[Seyler Theatre Company]]—established Hamburg as one of the leading European centres of theatrical innovation, promoting experimental productions and pioneering a new more realist style of acting, introducing Shakespeare to a German language audience, and promoting the concept of a national theatre in the tradition of Ludvig Holberg, the [[Sturm und Drang]] playwrights, and serious [[German opera]].<ref>Bettine Menke, Wolfgang Struck (2022), ''Theatermaschinen – Maschinentheater: Von Mechaniken, Machinationen und Spektakeln'' (pp. 96–97), transcript Verlag</ref>

Today Hamburg has more than 40 theatres, 60 museums, and 100 music venues and clubs. With 6.6 music venues per 100,000 inhabitants, Hamburg has the second-highest density of music venues of Germany's largest cities, after Munich and ahead of Cologne and Berlin.<ref name="fazemag_20210920">{{Cite web |url=https://www.fazemag.de/clubstudie-2021-initiative-musik-legt-einzelauswertungen-der-bundeslaender-vor/ |title=Clubstudie 2021: Initiative Musik legt Einzelauswertungen der Bundesländer vor |trans-title=Club Study 2021: Initiative Musik presents individual evaluations of the German federal states |work=Faze Magazin |language=German |date=20 September 2021 |access-date=6 January 2022}}</ref><ref name="clubstudy_2021">{{Cite web |url=https://www.initiative-musik.de/clubstudie/clubstudie-bundeslaender/ |title=Clubstudie 2021: Einzelauswertungen der Bundesländer |trans-title=Club Study 2021: Individual evaluations of the German federal states |work=Initiative Musik |language=German |date=20 September 2021 |access-date=6 January 2022 |archive-date=3 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220103211434/https://www.initiative-musik.de/clubstudie/clubstudie-bundeslaender/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2005, more than 18&nbsp;million people visited concerts, exhibitions, theatres, cinemas, museums, and cultural events, and 8,552 taxable companies (average size 3.16 employees) were engaged in the culture sector, which includes music, performing arts, and literature.<ref>{{Citation |author=Institut für Kultur- und Medienmanagement |url=http://www.hamburg.de/servlet/contentblob/182046/kwb-hh-2006-neu/data.pdf |title=Kulturwirtschaftsbericht 2006 |date= August 2006|publisher=Behörde für Kultur, Sport und Medien |location=Hamburg |access-date=13 August 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081109014826/http://www.hamburg.de/servlet/contentblob/182046/kwb-hh-2006-neu/data.pdf |archive-date=9 November 2008|language=de}}</ref> The creative industries represent almost one fifth of all companies in Hamburg.<ref name="creative industry_report_2016">{{Cite web |url=https://kreativgesellschaft.org/uber-uns/kreativwirtschaft/kreativwirtschaftsbericht-fur-hamburg/ |title=2. Kreativwirtschaftsbericht für Hamburg |trans-title=2nd Creative Industries Report for Hamburg |work=Hamburg Kreativ Gesellschaft |language=German |date=December 2016 |access-date=6 January 2022}}</ref>
Hamburg has entered the [[European Green Capital Award]] scheme, and was awarded the title of European Green Capital for 2011.

===Theatres===
{{See also|List of theatres in Hamburg}}
[[File:Deutsches Schauspielhaus at Hamburg.jpg|thumb|The ''Deutsches Schauspielhaus'' in the St. Georg quarter]]

Theatres in the city include the state-owned ''[[Deutsches Schauspielhaus]]'', the [[Thalia Theatre (Hamburg)|Thalia Theatre]], [[Ohnsorg-Theater|Ohnsorg Theatre]], "Schmidts Tivoli", and the ''[[Kampnagel]]''.<ref>{{Citation |author=Kulturstiftung des Bundes |url=http://www.kulturstiftung-des-bundes.de/main.jsp?applicationID=203&languageID=2&articleID=3076 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120628230655/http://www.kulturstiftung-des-bundes.de/main.jsp?applicationID=203&languageID=2&articleID=3076 |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 June 2012 |title=Bayreuth Was Yesterday – New Opera at Kampnagel |access-date=13 August 2008 }}</ref>

The [[The English Theatre of Hamburg|English Theatre of Hamburg]], near the [[U3 (Hamburg U-Bahn)|U3]] station Mundsburg, was founded in 1976 and is the oldest professional English-language theatre in Germany, with exclusively English-speaking actors in its company.

===Museums===
{{See also|List of museums in Hamburg}}
Hamburg has several large museums and galleries showing classical and contemporary art, for example the [[Kunsthalle Hamburg]] with its contemporary art gallery (''Galerie der Gegenwart''), the ''[[Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe Hamburg|Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe]]'' (Museum of Art and Design), and the [[Deichtorhallen]] (with the House of Photography and Hall of Contemporary Art). The [[Internationales Maritimes Museum Hamburg]] opened in the HafenCity quarter in 2008. There are various specialised museums in Hamburg, such as the ''[[Archäologisches Museum Hamburg]]'' (Hamburg Archaeological Museum) in the [[Hamburg-Harburg|Harburg]] borough, the [[Hamburg Museum of Work]] (''Museum der Arbeit''), and several museums of local history, such as the {{ill|Kiekeberg Open Air Museum|de|Freilichtmuseum am Kiekeberg}} (''Freilichtmuseum am Kiekeberg'') at [[Kiekeberg]] in the [[Harburg Hills]], just outside of Hamburg, in [[Rosengarten, Lower Saxony|Rosengarten]]. Two [[museum ship]]s near [[St. Pauli Piers]] (''Landungsbrücken'') bear witness to the freight ship (''[[Cap San Diego]]'') and cargo sailing ship era (''[[Rickmer Rickmers]]'').<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.museen-in-hamburg.de/ |title=Museums in Hamburg |access-date=29 December 2009 |archive-date=31 August 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090831101455/http://www.museen-in-hamburg.de/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2017 the Hamburg-built iron-hulled sailing ship ''[[Peking (ship)|Peking]]'' returned to the city and was installed in the [[German Port Museum]] in 2020. The world's largest model railway museum, [[Miniatur Wunderland]], with {{convert|15.4|km|2|abbr=on}} total railway length, is also situated near St. Pauli Piers in a former warehouse.

[[BallinStadt]], a memorial park and former emigration station, is dedicated to the millions of Europeans who emigrated to North and South America between 1850 and 1939. Visitors descending from those overseas emigrants may search for their ancestors at computer terminals.

===Music===
[[File:Hamburg-Elbphilharmonie.jpg|thumb|The {{convert|110|m|ft|0|abbr=off|adj=mid|-high}} Elbphilharmonie concert hall]]
[[Hamburg State Opera]] is a leading opera company. Its orchestra is the [[Philharmoniker Hamburg]]. The city's other major orchestra is the [[NDR Elbphilharmonie Orchestra]]. The main concert venue is the new concert hall [[Elbphilharmonie]]. Before it was the [[Laeiszhalle]], ''Musikhalle Hamburg''. The Laeiszhalle also houses a third orchestra, the [[Hamburger Symphoniker]]. [[György Ligeti]] and [[Alfred Schnittke]] taught at the [[Hochschule für Musik und Theater Hamburg]].<ref>{{Citation |title=Transcript of the John Tusa Interview with Gyorgy Ligeti |author=<!--Not stated--> |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio3/johntusainterview/ligeti_transcript.shtml |year=1999 |publisher=BBC |access-date=24 September 2008 |archive-date=20 July 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120720230923/http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio3/johntusainterview/ligeti_transcript.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Alfred Schnittke |author=<!--Not stated--> |url=http://www.boosey.com/pages/cr/composer/composer_main.asp?composerid=2731&ttype=BIOGRAPHY&ttitle=Biography/ |publisher=[[Boosey & Hawkes]] |access-date=24 September 2008}}</ref>

Hamburg is the birthplace of [[Johannes Brahms]], who spent his formative early years in the city, and the birthplace and home of waltz composer [[Oscar Fetrás]], who wrote the "Mondnacht auf der Alster" waltz.

Since the German premiere of ''[[Cats (musical)|Cats]]'' in 1986, there have always been musicals running, including ''[[The Phantom of the Opera (1986 musical)|The Phantom of the Opera]]'', ''[[The Lion King (musical)|The Lion King]]'', ''[[Dirty Dancing#Stage adaptation|Dirty Dancing]]'', and ''[[Dance of the Vampires (musical)]]''. This density, the highest in Germany, is partly due to the major musical production company ''[[Stage Entertainment]]'' being based in the city.

In addition to musicals, opera houses, concert halls, and theatres, the cityscape is characterised by a large music scene. This includes, among other things, over 100 music venues, several annual festivals and over 50 event organisers based in Hamburg.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://clubkombinat.de/presse/|title=Presse- und Öffentlichkeitsarbeit|date=10 May 2021 |accessdate=27 June 2023}}</ref> Larger venues include the [[Barclaycard Arena (Hamburg)|Barclaycard Arena]], the [[Trabrennbahn Bahrenfeld|Bahrenfeld harness racing track]], and [[Hamburg Stadtpark|Hamburg City Park]].

Hamburg was an important centre of rock music in the early 1960s. [[The Beatles]] lived and played in Hamburg from August 1960 to December 1962. They proved popular and gained local acclaim. Prior to the group's initial recording and widespread fame, Hamburg provided residency and performing venues for the band during the time they performed there. One of the venues they performed at was the [[Star-Club|Star Club]] on St. Pauli.

Pop musicians from Hamburg include [[Udo Lindenberg]], [[Deichkind]], and [[Jan Delay]]. The singer [[Annett Louisan]] lives in the city.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Annett Louisan Annett Louisan {{!}} Home |url=https://www.annettlouisan.de/ |access-date=2024-07-07 |website=www.annettlouisan.de |language=de}}</ref>

An important meeting place for Hamburg musicians from the 1970s to the mid-80s was the jazz pub [[Onkel Pö]], which was originally founded in the Pöseldorf neighbourhood and later moved to Eppendorf. Many musicians who were counted as part of the "{{ill|Hamburg scene|de|Hamburger_Szene|vertical-align=sup}}" met here. In addition to Udo Lindenberg, these included [[Otto Waalkes]], Hans Scheibner and groups such as [[Torfrock]] and [[Frumpy]]. One of the members of the band Frumpy was the Hamburg-born singer and composer [[Inga Rumpf]].

Hamburg is the origin of the "[[Hamburger Schule]]", a term used for alternative music bands like [[Tocotronic]], [[Blumfeld]], [[Tomte (band)|Tomte]] or Kante. The meeting point of the Hamburg School was long considered to be the {{ill|Golden Pudel Club|de|Golden_Pudel_Club|vertical-align=sup}} in Altona's old town, near the Fischmarkt. Alongside clubs such as the Pal, the Moondoo or the Waagenbau, today the Pudel is a central location of the Hamburg electro scene. Artists of this scene include the DJ duo [[Moonbootica]], Mladen Solomun, and [[Helena Hauff]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Elektronische Musik – Vom Kult am Mischpult|url=https://www.hamburg-tourism.de/das-ist-hamburg/musikmetropole/musik-live-in-hamburg/elektronische-musik/|website=Hamburg Tourismus}}</ref>

Hamburg is also home to many music labels, music distributors and publishers. These include [[Warner Music Group|Warner Music]], [[Kontor Records]], [[PIAS Recordings|PIAS]], [[Edel SE & Co. KGaA]], Believe Digital, and Indigo. The high proportion of independent labels in the city, which include [[Audiolith Records|Audiolith]], Dial Records, [[Grand Hotel van Cleef]], among others, is striking. Before its closure, the label [[L'Age D'Or (record label)|L'Âge d'or]] also belonged to these.

In addition, Hamburg has a considerable [[alternative rock|alternative]] and [[punk rock|punk]] scene, which gathers around the [[Rote Flora]], a [[squatting|squatted]] former theatre located in the [[Sternschanze]].

The city was a major centre for [[heavy metal music]] in the 1980s. [[Helloween]], [[Gamma Ray (band)|Gamma Ray]], [[Running Wild (band)|Running Wild]], and [[Grave Digger (band)|Grave Digger]] started in Hamburg.<ref>{{Citation|last=Rivadavia|first=Eduardo|title=allmusic (((Helloween> Biography )))|url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p4471|pure_url=yes}}|publisher=allmusic|access-date=24 September 2008}}</ref> The [[industrial rock]] band [[KMFDM]] was also formed in Hamburg, initially as a performance art project. The influences of these and other bands from the area helped establish the subgenre of [[power metal]].

In the late 1990s, Hamburg was considered one of the strongholds of the German hip-hop scene. Bands like [[Beginner (band)|Beginner]] shaped the city's hip-hop style and made it a serious location for the hip-hop scene through songs like "Hamburg City Blues". In addition to Beginner, German hip-hop acts from Hamburg include [[Fünf Sterne deluxe|Fünf Sterne Deluxe]], [[Samy Deluxe]], [[Fettes Brot]], and [[187 Strassenbande]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://marketing.hamburg.de/hamburg-die-pulsierende-hip-hop-metropole.html|title=Hamburg – die pulsierende Hip-Hop Metropole – Hamburg Marketing|website=marketing.hamburg.de}}</ref>

Hamburg has a vibrant psychedelic trance community, with record labels such as [[Spirit Zone Records|Spirit Zone]].<ref>{{Citation |title=Spirit Zone Recordings |author=<!--Not stated--> |url=http://www.discogs.com/label/Spirit+Zone+Recordings |publisher=discogs.com |access-date=24 September 2008}}</ref>

===Festivals and regular events===
[[File:Hamburger Hafengeburtstag.jpg|thumb|Annual ''Hafengeburtstag'' (Port Anniversary)]]
Hamburg is noted for several festivals and regular events. Some of them are street festivals, such as the [[LGBT pride]] ''[[Hamburg Pride]]'' festival<ref>{{cite web |title=Hamburg Pride |url=http://www.hamburg-pride.de/ |access-date=5 October 2008|language=de}}</ref> or the Alster fair (German: ''[[Alstervergnügen]]''),<ref>{{cite web |title=Alstervergnügen Hamburg |url=http://www.alstervergnuegen.net/ |access-date=5 October 2008|language=de}}</ref> held at the ''[[Binnenalster]]''. The ''[[Hamburger DOM]]'' is northern Germany's biggest funfair, held three times a year.<ref>{{cite web | title = Wann ist DOM | url = http://www.hamburger-dom.de/wann_ist_dom.html | access-date = 5 October 2008 | language = de }}</ref> ''[[Hafengeburtstag]]'' is a [[funfair]] to honour the birthday of the port of Hamburg with a party and a ship parade.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hafengeburtstag Hamburg |date=4 January 2024 |url=https://hammer-entruempelung.de/hafengeburtstag-hamburg/ |access-date=4 January 2024}}</ref> The annual biker's service in [[St. Michaelis Church, Hamburg|Saint Michael's Church]] attracts tens of thousands of [[Motorcycle|bikers]].<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Zehntausende Biker und ein schwerer Unfall |url=http://www.spiegel.de/auto/aktuell/0,1518,565599,00.html |date=13 July 2008 |magazine=[[Der Spiegel|Spiegel Online]] |access-date=5 October 2008|language=de}}</ref> Christmas markets in December are held at the [[Hamburg Rathaus]] square, among other places.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hamburg.de/weihnachtsmaerkte/ |title=Weihnachtsmärkte in Hamburg-Mitte 2008 |publisher=[[Hamburg-Mitte|Bezirk Hamburg-Mitte]] |access-date=30 September 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090918144638/http://www.hamburg.de/weihnachtsmaerkte/ |archive-date= 18 September 2009|language=de}}</ref> The ''long night of museums'' (German: ''Lange Nacht der Museen'') offers one entrance fee for about 40 museums until midnight.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lange Nacht der Museen |url=http://www.hamburg.de/lange-nacht-der-museen-hamburg/ |access-date=5 October 2008|language=de}}</ref> The sixth ''Festival of Cultures'' was held in September 2008, celebrating multi-cultural life.<ref>{{cite web |title=6. Festival der Kulturen Hamburg |url=http://www.karneval-kulturen-hamburg.de/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020613150718/http://www.karneval-kulturen-hamburg.de/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=13 June 2002 |access-date=5 October 2008 }}</ref> The [[Filmfest Hamburg]] — a film festival originating from the 1950s ''Film Days'' (German: ''Film Tage'') — presents a wide range of films.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.filmfest-hamburg.de/en/index.php |title=Filmfest Hamburg |access-date=5 October 2008 |archive-date=21 November 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121031422/http://www.filmfest-hamburg.de/en/index.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> The ''[[Hamburg Messe und Congress|Hamburg Messe and Congress]]'' offers a venue for trade shows, such ''hanseboot'', an international boat show, or ''Du und deine Welt'', a large consumer products show.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hamburg-messe.de/hmc/content/hmc/en/start.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051201212334/http://www.hamburg-messe.de/hmc/content/hmc/en/start.php |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 December 2005 |title=Welcoming the world |access-date=5 October 2008 }}</ref> Regular sports events—some open to pro and amateur participants—are the cycling competition [[EuroEyes Cyclassics]], the [[Hamburg Marathon]], the biggest marathon in Germany after Berlin,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iaaf.org/LRR08/news/newsid=44599.html |title=Mandago, Timofeyeva impress at Hamburg Marathon |date=27 April 2008 |access-date=5 October 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020094424/http://www.iaaf.org/LRR08/news/newsid%3D44599.html |archive-date=20 October 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> the tennis tournament [[International German Open|Hamburg Masters]], and equestrian events like the [[Deutsches Derby]].

Hamburg is also known for its music and festival culture. For example, the Reeperbahn alone has between 25 and 30 million visitors every year. In addition, there are over a million visitors to the annual festivals and major music events.<ref>{{Cite web|year=2014|title=Standpunktepapier Musikstadt Hamburg|url=https://www.hk24.de/blueprint/servlet/resource/blob/1153140/1e79ca8d3c2459ca01f9fea387f7ff2f/standpunktepapier-musikstadt-data.pdf|publisher=Handelskammer Hamburg|pages=35–36|access-date=20 April 2021|archive-date=20 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420084312/https://www.hk24.de/blueprint/servlet/resource/blob/1153140/1e79ca8d3c2459ca01f9fea387f7ff2f/standpunktepapier-musikstadt-data.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Hamburg's festivals include the [https://www.elbjazz.de/de/pressekit?file=files/pdf%20downloads/ELBJAZZ_2020_Presseinfo_Basistext.pdf Elbjazz Festival] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420084311/https://www.elbjazz.de/de/pressekit?file=files/pdf%20downloads/ELBJAZZ_2020_Presseinfo_Basistext.pdf |date=20 April 2021 }}, which takes place 2 days a year (usually on the Whitsun weekend) in Hamburg's harbour and HafenCity.

[[File:Shellac-Band Live-Hamburg-2014.jpg|thumb|''Shellac performing live in Hamburg @Kampnagel, Nov. 1, 2014'']]
For contemporary and experimental music, the "[https://www.vamh.de/index.php?what=blurred_edges&year=2020&sub=concerts blurred edges] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420084311/https://www.vamh.de/index.php?what=blurred_edges&year=2020&sub=concerts |date=20 April 2021 }}" festival usually follows in May at various venues within Hamburg. In mid-August, the [[Dockville|MS Dockville]] music and arts festival has run annually since 2007 in the [[Wilhelmsburg, Hamburg|Wilhelmsburg]] district.<ref>{{cite web|title=Dockville|url=http://www.dockville.de|access-date=19 June 2009}}</ref> This is followed at the end of September by the {{ill|Reeperbahn Festival|de|Reeperbahn_Festival|vertical-align=sup}}, which has been running since 2006. As Europe's largest club festival, it offers several hundred program points around the Reeperbahn in Hamburg over four days and is one of the most important meeting places for the music industry worldwide.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reeperbahnfestival.com/de/info/ueber-uns|title=Über uns – Reeperbahn Festival|website=Über Uns}}</ref> In November, the ÜBERJAZZ Festival, which aims to expand the stylistic boundaries of the concept of jazz, starts every year at Kampnagel.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hamburg-tourism.de/sehen-erleben/veranstaltungen/ueberjazz/|title=Überjazz – Jazzfestival auf Kampnagel &#124; Hamburg Tourismus|website=www.hamburg-tourism.de}}</ref>

===Cuisine===
{{Main|Cuisine of Hamburg}}
[[File:2017-05-01 Scholle Finkenwerder Art.JPG|thumb|Fried [[plaice]], [[Finkenwerder]] style]]

Original Hamburg dishes are ''[[Birnen, Bohnen und Speck]]'' (green beans cooked with pears and bacon).<ref>{{Citation |author=<!--Not stated--> |publisher=Hamburger Abendblatt |url=http://www.abendblatt.de/daten/2002/07/05/43504.html |title=Birnen, Bohnen, Speck – Schmeckt vorzüglich |date=5 July 2002 |access-date=11 August 2008|language=de}}</ref> ''Aalsuppe'' ([[Hamburgisch dialect|Hamburgisch]] ''Oolsupp'') is often mistaken to be German for "eel soup" (''Aal''/''Ool'' translated 'eel'), but the name probably comes from the Low Saxon ''allns'' {{IPA|[aˑlns]}}, meaning "all", "everything and the kitchen sink", not necessarily eel. Today eel is often included to meet the expectations of unsuspecting diners.<ref>{{Citation |author=<!--Not stated--> |publisher=Hamburger Abendblatt |url=http://www.abendblatt.de/daten/2002/06/25/39651.html |title=Aalsuppe – Frage des Geschmacks |date=25 June 2002|access-date=11 August 2008|language=de}}</ref> There is ''Bratkartoffeln'' ([[Home fries|pan-fried potato slices]]), ''Finkenwerder Scholle'' (Low Saxon ''Finkwarder Scholl'', pan-fried plaice), ''Pannfisch'' (pan-fried fish with mustard sauce),<ref>{{Citation |author=<!--Not stated--> |publisher=Hamburger Abendblatt |url=http://www.abendblatt.de/daten/2002/06/25/39713.html |title=Maischollen – Zart gebraten |date=25 June 2002 |access-date=11 August 2008|language=de}}</ref> ''[[Rødgrød|Rote Grütze]]'' (Low Saxon ''Rode Grütt'', related to Danish ''[[rødgrød]]'', a type of summer pudding made mostly from berries and usually served with cream, like Danish ''rødgrød med fløde''),<ref>{{Citation |author=<!--Not stated--> |publisher=Hamburger Abendbla |url=http://www.abendblatt.de/daten/2002/06/25/39656.html |title=Grütze – Mit kalter Milch |date=25 June 2002 |access-date=11 August 2008|language=de}}</ref> and ''[[Labskaus]]'' (a mixture of corned beef, mashed potatoes, and beetroot, a cousin of the Norwegian ''lapskaus'' and [[Liverpool]]'s [[Scouse (food)|lobscouse]], all offshoots off an old-time one-pot meal that used to be the main component of the common sailor's humdrum diet on the high seas).<ref>{{Citation |author=<!--Not stated--> |publisher=Hamburger Abendblatt |url=http://www.abendblatt.de/daten/2002/06/25/39664.html |title=Labskaus – Essen der Matrosen |date=25 June 2002 |access-date=11 August 2008|language=de}}</ref>

''Alsterwasser'' (in reference to the city's river, the [[Alster]]) is the local name for a type of [[shandy]], a concoction of equal parts of beer and carbonated lemonade (''Zitronenlimonade''), the lemonade being added to the beer.<ref>{{Citation |author=<!--Not stated--> |publisher=Hamburger Abendblatt |url=http://www.abendblatt.de/daten/2002/08/01/52867.html |title=Alsterwasser – Bier und Limonade |date=10 August 2002 |access-date=11 August 2008|language=de}}</ref>

A regional dessert pastry called "[[Franzbrötchen]]" is similar in preparation to a [[croissant]], but includes a cinnamon and sugar filling, often with raisins or brown sugar [[streusel]]. Ordinary bread rolls tend to be oval-shaped and of the French bread variety. The local name is ''Schrippe'' (scored lengthways) for the oval kind and, for the round kind, ''Rundstück'' ("round piece" rather than mainstream German ''[[Brötchen]]'', diminutive form of ''Brot'' "bread"),<ref>{{Citation |author=<!--Not stated--> |publisher=Hamburger Abendblatt |url=http://www.abendblatt.de/daten/2002/08/05/53895.html |title=Rundstück – Hamburger Brötchen |date=5 August 2002 |access-date=6 June 2008|language=de}}</ref> a relative of Denmark's ''rundstykke''. The cuisines of Hamburg and [[Denmark]], especially of [[Copenhagen]], have a lot in common. This also includes a predilection for open-faced sandwiches of all sorts, especially topped with cold-smoked or pickled fish.{{fact|date=January 2024}}

The American [[hamburger]] may have developed from Hamburg's ''[[Frikadeller]]'': a pan-fried patty (usually larger and thicker than its American counterpart) made from a mixture of ground beef, soaked [[staling|stale bread]], egg, chopped onion, salt, and pepper, usually served with potatoes and vegetables like any other piece of meat, not usually on a bun. The Oxford Dictionary defined a ''Hamburger steak'' in 1802: a sometimes-smoked and -salted piece of meat, that, according to some sources, came from Hamburg to America.<ref>{{Citation |last=Stradley |first=Linda |title=History of Hamburgers |url=http://whatscookingamerica.net/History/HamburgerHistory.htm |year=2004 |access-date=23 August 2008}}</ref> The name and food, "hamburger", has entered all English-speaking countries, and derivative words in non-English speaking countries.

There are restaurants which offer most of these dishes, especially in the [[HafenCity]].

===Main sights===
<gallery mode="packed">
File:Hamburg Elbphilharmonie 2016.jpg|''[[Elbphilharmonie]]'' ("Elphi")
File:Hamburger Hafen-St. Michaelis.jpg|[[Port of Hamburg]]
File:Freedom-of-the-Seas--in-Hamburg.jpg|[[St. Pauli Piers]] and [[MS Freedom of the Seas|cruise ship]]
File:Speicherstadt abends.jpg|''[[Speicherstadt]]'' (Warehouse district)
File:Rathaus Hamburg bei Nacht.jpg|[[Hamburg City Hall]]
File:St. Michaelis.jpg|[[St. Michael's Church, Hamburg|St. Michael's Church]] ("Michel")
File:Reeperbahn.jpg|''[[Reeperbahn]]'', nightlife district of [[St. Pauli]]
File:Miniatur wunderland.jpg|''[[Miniatur Wunderland]]'' (Miniature Wonderland)
File:Grosse Freiheit Hamburg.jpg|''[[Große Freiheit]]'' ("Great Freedom")
File:St. Nikolai Memorial Church.jpg|[[St. Nicholas' Church, Hamburg|Nikolai Memorial]]
File:Sandtorpark 2013-05-24 12-03-35 Germany Hamburg-HafenCity 2h.jpg|[[HafenCity]]
File:Dockland by Night.jpg|Dockland at night
File:Alstereisvergnügen 11-02-2012 09.jpg|View over frozen [[Alster]] towards [[Radisson Blu Hotel Hamburg|Radisson Hotel]] and [[Heinrich-Hertz-Turm|Hertz-Turm]]
File:Hamburg Wallanlagen Brunnen.jpg|''[[Planten un Blomen]]''
File:DE Hamburg Centerview.JPG|[[Jungfernstieg]] Boulevard
File:Hamburg-Blankenese(01).JPG|Hills and mansions in [[Blankenese]]
File:Laeisz-Halle (Hamburg-Neustadt).1.29179.ajb.jpg|''[[Laeiszhalle]]'' concert venue
File:2013-06-08 Highflyer HP L4729.JPG|[[Hamburg Hauptbahnhof]], the busiest railway station in Germany
File:Hamburg OLG 1.jpg|Hanseatisches Oberlandesgericht ("HansOLG"), upper court
File:Neue Skyline Hamburg.JPG|[[List of tallest buildings in Hamburg|Highrises]] in St. Pauli (''Hafenkrone'')
File:Köhlbrandbrücke 2010.jpg|[[Köhlbrand Bridge]]
File:Heinrich-Hertz-Turm - PHB.jpg|[[Heinrich-Hertz-Turm|TV Tower]]
File:HafenCity Traditionsschiffhafen Sandtorkai Hamburg 3943 v3.jpg|Traditional sailing ships at Sandtorkai in HafenCity
File:HP_L4224.JPG|View over Hamburg and the [[Alster]]
</gallery>
[[File:Rote Flora Sternschanze.jpg|alt=Rote Flora|thumb|''[[Rote Flora]]'' in the [[Sternschanze]] neighbourhood, Hamburg]]

===Alternative culture===
Hamburg has long been a centre of alternative music and counter-culture movements. The boroughs of [[St. Pauli]], [[Sternschanze]], and [[Altona, Hamburg|Altona]] are known for being home to many radical left-wing and anarchist groups, culminating every year during the traditional May Day demonstrations.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.spiegel.de/panorama/gesellschaft/1-mai-demo-in-hamburg-was-soll-der-krawall-auf-der-schanze-noch-a-1090104.html |title=1. Mai-Demo in Hamburg: Was soll der Krawall auf der Schanze noch? |newspaper=Der Spiegel |date=30 April 2016 |access-date= 9 February 2017|publisher=spiegel.de|last1=Weßling |first1=Kathrin }}</ref>

During the [[2017 G20 Hamburg summit|2017 G20 summit]], which took place in Hamburg from 7–8 July that year, protestors clashed violently with the police in the [[Sternschanze]] area and particularly around the Rote Flora. On 7 July, several cars were set on fire and street barricades were erected to prevent the police from entering the area. In response to that, the police made heavy use of water cannons and tear gas in order to scatter the protestors. However, this was met with strong resistance by protestors, resulting in a total of 160 injured police and 75 arrested participants in the protests.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.spiegel.de/video/g20-gipfel-in-hamburg-randalierer-setzen-autos-in-brand-video-1780686.html |title=Raid of "Krawalle beim G20-Gipfel – Randalierer setzen Autos in Brand |newspaper=Der Spiegel |date=7 July 2017 |access-date= 11 July 2017|publisher=spiegel.de}}</ref>

After the summit, however, the Rote Flora issued a statement, in which it condemns the arbitrary acts of violence that were committed by some of the protestors whilst generally defending the right to use violence as a means of self-defence against police oppression. In particular, the spokesperson of the Rote Flora said that the autonomous cultural centre had a traditionally good relationship with its neighbours and local residents, since they were united in their fight against gentrification in that neighbourhood.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rp-online.de/politik/deutschland/g20-gipfel-rote-flora-distanziert-sich-von-gewaltausbruechen-aid-1.6935697 |title=Krawalle in Hamburg beim G20-Gipfel – Rote Flora distanziert sich von Gewaltausbrüchen |date=8 July 2017 |access-date= 11 July 2017|publisher=rp-online.de}}</ref>

=== British, American and English-speaking culture ===
[[File:Hammonia-Bad 01.jpg|thumb|The English Theatre of Hamburg at Lerchenfeld 14]]
There are several English-speaking communities, such as the Caledonian Society of Hamburg, The British Club Hamburg, British and Commonwealth Luncheon Club, Anglo-German Club [[eingetragener Verein|e.V.]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.anglo-german-club.de/ |title=Website of the Anglo-German Club |access-date=15 December 2015}}</ref> Professional Women's Forum,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.britaininhamburg.de/ |title=Britain in Hamburg |access-date=13 September 2009 |publisher=ning.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718203909/http://www.britaininhamburg.de/ |archive-date=18 July 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The British Decorative and Fine Arts Society, The English Speaking Union of the Commonwealth, The Scottish Country Dancers of Hamburg, The Hamburg Players e.V. English Language Theatre Group, The [[Hamburg Exiles RFC|Hamburg Exiles Rugby Club]], several cricket clubs, and The Morris Minor Register of Hamburg. Furthermore, the Anglo-Hanseatic Lodge No. 850<ref>{{cite web |url=http://gl-bfg.com/850/index.htm |title=Anglo-Hanseatic Lodge 850 |access-date=14 September 2015 |publisher=gl-bfg.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160428001221/http://gl-bfg.com/850/index.htm |archive-date=28 April 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> within the Grand Lodge of British Freemasons of Germany<ref>{{cite web |url=http://gl-bfg.com/ |title=Grand Lodge of British Freemasons in Germany |access-date=14 September 2015 |publisher=gl-bfg.com |archive-date=15 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015232557/http://gl-bfg.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> under the United Grand Lodges of Germany<ref>{{cite web |url=http://freimaurer.org/ |title=United Grand Lodges of Germany |access-date=14 September 2015 |publisher=freimaurer.org}}</ref> works in Hamburg, and has a diverse expat membership. There is also a 400-year-old Anglican church community worshipping at ''{{ill|St Thomas Becket Church|de|Englische Kirche (Hamburg)|vertical-align=sup}}''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.anglican-church-hamburg.de|title=The Anglican Church of St Thomas Becket – A welcoming, active and inclusive church, growing in our relationship with God and the wider community|work=anglican-church-hamburg.de}}</ref>

American and international English-speaking organisations include The American Club of Hamburg [[eingetragener Verein|e.V.]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.americanclub.de |title=Website of the American Club of Hamburg |access-date=13 September 2009}}</ref> the American Women's Club of Hamburg,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.awchamburg.org |title=Website of the American Women's Club of Hamburg |access-date=13 April 2014}}</ref> the English Speaking Union, the German-American Women's Club,<ref>Hamburg Führer Verlag GmbH: ''Hamburg Guide'', May 2009, p. 61</ref> and The International Women's Club of Hamburg e.V. ''The American Chamber of Commerce'' handles matters related to business affairs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.amcham.de|title=American Chamber of Commerce in Germany|first=AmCham|last=Germany|work=amcham.de}}</ref> The [[International School of Hamburg]] serves school children.

[[William Wordsworth]], [[Dorothy Wordsworth]], and [[Samuel Taylor Coleridge]] spent the last two weeks of September 1798 at Hamburg. Dorothy wrote a detailed journal of their stay, labelled "The Hamburg Journal (1798) by noted Wordsworth scholar [[Edward de Selincourt]]".<ref>Journals of Dorothy Wordsworth, Macmillan 1959.</ref>

A Hamburg saying, referring to its anglophile nature, is: "Wenn es in London anfängt zu regnen, spannen die Hamburger den Schirm auf". ... "When it starts raining in London, people in Hamburg open their umbrellas".

=== Memorials ===
A memorial for English engineer [[William Lindley]],<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Lindley, William |volume= 16 | page = 719 |short= 1}}</ref> who, beginning in 1842, reorganised the drinking water and sewerage system and thus helped to fight against cholera, is near Baumwall railway station in Vorsetzen street.<ref>{{Cite web |title=William Lindley and Sir William Heerlein Lindley {{!}} Civil Engineers {{!}} Blue Plaques |url=https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/blue-plaques/lindley-and-lindley/ |access-date=2024-08-21 |website=English Heritage}}</ref> {{Coord|53.544198|9.979411|region:DE-HH_type:landmark|display=inline}}

In 2009, more than 2,500 "stumbling blocks" (''[[Stolpersteine]]'') were laid, engraved with the names of deported and murdered citizens. Inserted into the pavement in front of their former houses, the blocks draw attention to the victims of Nazi persecution.<ref>{{citation |title=Die Orte bleibe |last1=Behling |first1=Heidburg |last2=Garbe |first2=Detlef |newspaper=Mittelungen des Freundeskreises KZ-Gedenkstätte Neuengamme |date= January 2009|page=3 |issue=11|language=de}}</ref>