Editing Guadeloupe (section)

== Governance ==
Together with [[Martinique]], [[La Réunion]], [[Mayotte]] and [[French Guiana]], Guadeloupe is one of the [[Overseas department and region|overseas departments]], being both a [[Regions of France|region]] and a [[Departments of France|department]].<ref name="britannica.com" /> It is also an outermost region of the [[European Union]]. The inhabitants of Guadeloupe are French citizens with full political and legal rights.
[[File:Mairie de Goyave.jpg|thumb|Goyave Town Hall]]
Legislative powers are centred on the separate [[Departmental council (France)|departmental]] and [[Regional council (France)|regional]] councils.<ref name="britannica.com" /> The elected president of the [[Departmental Council of Guadeloupe]] is currently Guy Losbar (1 July 2021); its main areas of responsibility include the management of a number of social and welfare allowances, of junior high school (collège) buildings and technical staff, and local roads and school and rural buses. The [[Regional Council of Guadeloupe]] is a body, elected every six years, consisting of a president (currently [[Ary Chalus]]) and eight vice-presidents. The regional council oversees [[Secondary education in France|secondary education]], regional transportation, economic development, the environment, and some infrastructure, among other things.

Guadeloupe elects one deputy from one of each of the [[Guadeloupe's 1st constituency|first]], [[Guadeloupe's 2nd constituency|second]], [[Guadeloupe's 3rd constituency|third]], and [[Guadeloupe's 4th constituency|fourth]] constituencies to the [[National Assembly of France]]. Three senators are chosen for the [[Senate of France]] by [[indirect election]].<ref name="britannica.com" /> For electoral purposes, Guadeloupe is divided into two [[Arrondissements of the Guadeloupe department|arrondissements]] ([[Arrondissement of Basse-Terre|Basse-Terre]] and [[Arrondissement of Pointe-à-Pitre|Pointe-à-Pitre]]), and 21 [[Cantons of the Guadeloupe department|cantons]].

Most of the [[List of political parties in France|French political parties]] are active in Guadeloupe. In addition there are also regional parties such as the [[Guadeloupe Communist Party]], the [[Progressive Democratic Party of Guadeloupe]], the [[Guadeloupean Objective]], the [[Pluralist Left]], and [[United Guadeloupe, Solidary and Responsible]].

The [[prefectures in France|prefecture]] (regional capital) of Guadeloupe is [[Basse-Terre]]. Local services of the state administration are traditionally organised at departmental level, where the [[prefect]] represents the government.<ref name="britannica.com" />

=== Administrative divisions ===
{{See also|Arrondissements of the Guadeloupe department|Cantons of the Guadeloupe department}}
For the purposes of local government, Guadeloupe is divided into [[Communes of the Guadeloupe department|32 communes]].<ref name="britannica.com" /> Each commune has a municipal council and a mayor. Revenues for the communes come from transfers from the French government, and local taxes. Administrative responsibilities at this level include water management, civil register, and municipal police.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Name
! Area (km<sup>2</sup>)
! Population (2019)<ref name=pop2019>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/6011060/dep971.pdf Populations légales 2019: 971 Guadeloupe] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712144857/https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/6011060/dep971.pdf |date=12 July 2022 }}, INSEE</ref>
! Arrondissement
! Map
|-
| [[Les Abymes]]
| 81.25
| 53,514
| [[Arrondissement of Pointe-à-Pitre|Pointe-à-Pitre]]
| [[File:Locator map of Les Abymes 2018.png|frameless|50x50px]]
|-
| [[Anse-Bertrand]]
| 62.5
| 4,001
| [[Arrondissement of Pointe-à-Pitre|Pointe-à-Pitre]]
| [[File:Locator map of Anse-Bertrand 2018.png|frameless|50x50px]]
|-
| [[Baie-Mahault]]
| 46
| 30,837
| [[Arrondissement of Basse-Terre|Basse-Terre]]
| [[File:Locator map of Baie-Mahault 2018.png|frameless|50x50px]]
|-
| [[Baillif]]
| 24.3
| 5,203
| [[Arrondissement of Basse-Terre|Basse-Terre]]
| [[File:Locator map of Baillif 2018.png|frameless|50x50px]]
|-
| [[Basse-Terre]]
| 5.78
| 9,861
| [[Arrondissement of Basse-Terre|Basse-Terre]]
| [[File:Locator map of Basse-Terre 2018.png|frameless|50x50px]]
|-
| [[Bouillante]]
| 43.46
| 6,847
| [[Arrondissement of Basse-Terre|Basse-Terre]]
| [[File:Locator map of Bouillante 2018.png|frameless|50x50px]]
|-
| [[Capesterre-Belle-Eau]]
| 103.3
| 17,741
| [[Arrondissement of Basse-Terre|Basse-Terre]]
| [[File:Locator map of Capesterre-Belle-Eau 2018.png|frameless|50x50px]]
|-
| [[Capesterre-de-Marie-Galante]]
| 46.19
| 3,298
| [[Arrondissement of Pointe-à-Pitre|Pointe-à-Pitre]]
| [[File:Locator map of Capesterre-de-Marie-Galante 2018.png|frameless|50x50px]]
|-
| [[Deshaies]]
| 31.1
| 3,998
| [[Arrondissement of Basse-Terre|Basse-Terre]]
| [[File:Locator map of Deshaies 2018.png|frameless|50x50px]]
|-
| [[La Désirade (commune)|La Désirade]]
| 21.12
| 1,419
| [[Arrondissement of Pointe-à-Pitre|Pointe-à-Pitre]]
| [[File:Locator map of La Désirade 2018.png|frameless|50x50px]]
|-
| [[Le Gosier]]
| 45.2
| 26,489
| [[Arrondissement of Pointe-à-Pitre|Pointe-à-Pitre]]
| [[File:Locator map of Le Gosier 2018.png|frameless|50x50px]]
|-
| [[Gourbeyre]]
| 22.52
| 7,760
| [[Arrondissement of Basse-Terre|Basse-Terre]]
| [[File:Locator map of Gourbeyre 2018.png|frameless|50x50px]]
|-
| [[Goyave]]
| 59.91
| 7,621
| [[Arrondissement of Basse-Terre|Basse-Terre]]
| [[File:Locator map of Goyave 2018.png|frameless|50x50px]]
|-
| [[Grand-Bourg]]
| 55.54
| 4,870
| [[Arrondissement of Pointe-à-Pitre|Pointe-à-Pitre]]
| [[File:Locator map of Grand-Bourg 2018.png|frameless|50x50px]]
|-
| [[Lamentin]]
| 65.6
| 16,354
| [[Arrondissement of Basse-Terre|Basse-Terre]]
| [[File:Locator map of Lamentin 2018.png|frameless|50x50px]]
|-
| [[Morne-à-l'Eau]]
| 64.5
| 16,495
| [[Arrondissement of Pointe-à-Pitre|Pointe-à-Pitre]]
| [[File:Locator map of Morne-à-l'Eau 2018.png|frameless|50x50px]]
|-
| [[Le Moule]]
| 82.84
| 22,149
| [[Arrondissement of Pointe-à-Pitre|Pointe-à-Pitre]]
| [[File:Locator map of Le Moule 2018.png|frameless|50x50px]]
|-
| [[Petit-Bourg]]
| 129.88
| 24,753
| [[Arrondissement of Basse-Terre|Basse-Terre]]
| [[File:Locator map of Petit-Bourg 2018.png|frameless|50x50px]]
|-
| [[Petit-Canal]]
| 72
| 8,203
| [[Arrondissement of Pointe-à-Pitre|Pointe-à-Pitre]]
| [[File:Locator map of Petit-Canal 2018.png|frameless|50x50px]]
|-
| [[Pointe-à-Pitre]]
| 2.66
| 15,181
| [[Arrondissement of Pointe-à-Pitre|Pointe-à-Pitre]]
| [[File:Locator map of Pointe-à-Pitre 2018.png|frameless|50x50px]]
|-
| [[Pointe-Noire, Guadeloupe|Pointe-Noire]]
| 59.7
| 6,031
| [[Arrondissement of Basse-Terre|Basse-Terre]]
| [[File:Locator map of Pointe-Noire 2018.png|frameless|50x50px]]
|-
| [[Port-Louis, Guadeloupe|Port-Louis]]
| 44.24
| 5,618
| [[Arrondissement of Pointe-à-Pitre|Pointe-à-Pitre]]
| [[File:Locator map of Port-Louis 2018.png|frameless|50x50px]]
|-
| [[Saint-Claude, Guadeloupe|Saint-Claude]]
| 34.3
| 10,466
| [[Arrondissement of Basse-Terre|Basse-Terre]]
| [[File:Locator map of Saint-Claude 2018.png|frameless|50x50px]]
|-
| [[Saint-François, Guadeloupe|Saint-François]]
| 61
| 11,689
| [[Arrondissement of Pointe-à-Pitre|Pointe-à-Pitre]]
| [[File:Locator map of Saint-François 2018.png|frameless|50x50px]]
|-
| [[Saint-Louis, Guadeloupe|Saint-Louis]]
| 56.28
| 2,397
| [[Arrondissement of Pointe-à-Pitre|Pointe-à-Pitre]]
| [[File:Locator map of Saint-Louis 2018.png|frameless|50x50px]]
|-
| [[Sainte-Anne, Guadeloupe|Sainte-Anne]]
| 80.29
| 24,151
| [[Arrondissement of Pointe-à-Pitre|Pointe-à-Pitre]]
| [[File:Locator map of Sainte-Anne 2018.png|frameless|50x50px]]
|-
| [[Sainte-Rose, Guadeloupe|Sainte-Rose]]
| 118.6
| 17,985
| [[Arrondissement of Basse-Terre|Basse-Terre]]
| [[File:Locator map of Sainte-Rose 2018.png|frameless|50x50px]]
|-
| [[Terre-de-Bas]]
| 6.8
| 975
| [[Arrondissement of Basse-Terre|Basse-Terre]]
| [[File:Locator map of Terre-de-Bas 2018.png|frameless|50x50px]]
|-
| [[Terre-de-Haut]]
| 6
| 1,519
| [[Arrondissement of Basse-Terre|Basse-Terre]]
| [[File:Locator map of Terre-de-Haut 2018.png|frameless|50x50px]]
|-
| [[Trois-Rivières, Guadeloupe|Trois-Rivières]]
| 31.1
| 7,862
| [[Arrondissement of Basse-Terre|Basse-Terre]]
| [[File:Locator map of Trois-Rivières 2018.png|frameless|50x50px]]
|-
| [[Vieux-Fort, Guadeloupe|Vieux-Fort]]
| 7.24
| 1,842
| [[Arrondissement of Basse-Terre|Basse-Terre]]
| [[File:Locator map of Vieux-Fort 2018.png|frameless|50x50px]]
|-
| [[Vieux-Habitants]]
| 58.7
| 7,110
| [[Arrondissement of Basse-Terre|Basse-Terre]]
| [[File:Locator map of Vieux-Habitants 2018.png|frameless|50x50px]]
|}

=== Geopolitics ===
From a [[Geostrategy|geostrategic]] point of view, Guadeloupe is located in a central part of the [[Antilles|Caribbean archipelago]] between the Atlantic Ocean and the [[Caribbean Sea]]. This location in the region allows France to reach a large part of the eastern coast of the [[Americas|American continent]]. The [[Exclusive economic zone of France|exclusive economic zone]] formed by Guadeloupe and [[Martinique]] covers just over 126,146 square kilometres.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tableau des superficies {{!}} limitesmaritimes.gouv.fr |url=https://limitesmaritimes.gouv.fr/ressources/tableau-des-superficies |access-date=8 July 2021 |website=limitesmaritimes.gouv.fr |archive-date=3 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203231450/https://limitesmaritimes.gouv.fr/ressources/tableau-des-superficies |url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1980 France established its maritime boundaries in the area by signing a Treaty with [[Venezuela]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=France-Venezuela Boundary Treaty of 1980 |url=http://www.inea.gob.ve/ineaWEB/downloads/internacionales/convenios/venezuela_francia.pdf}}{{dead link|date=July 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> [[File:EU OCT and OMR map en.png|thumb|The [[Special member state territories and the European Union|special territories of the European Union]]]]This offers France important fishing resources and independence to develop a sovereign policy of underwater research and protection (protection of [[humpback whale]]s, Cousteau reserve, protection of [[coral reefs]]). Because of its geographical position, Guadeloupe allows France to participate in political and diplomatic dialogues at both the regional (Lesser and [[Greater Antilles]]) and continental ([[Latin America|Latin]] and North America) levels.<ref>{{Cite web |last=étrangères |first=Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires |title=La France et les Caraïbes |url=https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/dossiers-pays/ameriques/amerique-centrale-et-caraibes/la-france-et-les-caraibes/ |access-date=8 July 2021 |website=France Diplomatie – Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères |language=fr |archive-date=1 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210801105110/https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/dossiers-pays/ameriques/amerique-centrale-et-caraibes/la-france-et-les-caraibes/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

The signing of the Regional Convention for the Internationalisation of Enterprise (CRIE), membership of the [[United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean|Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean]] (ECLAC) and membership of the [[Association of Caribbean States]] (ACS) are milestones that have enabled Guadeloupe to develop its bilateral or multilateral relations within the framework of international agreements or institutions.11 The development of bilateral and multilateral economic partnerships with other Caribbean and American states is based on the modernisation of the autonomous port of Guadeloupe and the importance of the Guadeloupe-Polo Caribe international airport.

=== Symbols and flags ===
As a part of France, Guadeloupe uses the [[Flag of France|French tricolour]] as its flag and {{lang|fr|La Marseillaise}} as its anthem.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexteArticle.do?idArticle=LEGIARTI000006527453&cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006071194 |title=Constitution du 4 octobre 1958 |website=legifrance.gouv.fr |trans-title=Constitution of 4 October 1958 |access-date=22 May 2017 |archive-date=11 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190611030258/https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexteArticle.do?idArticle=LEGIARTI000006527453&cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006071194 |url-status=live}}</ref> However, a variety of other flags are also used in unofficial or informal contexts as the [[flag of Guadeloupe]], most notably the sun-based flag.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 February 2021 |title=Flags, Symbols, & Currencies of Guadeloupe |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/flags/guadeloupe |access-date=25 April 2023 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US |archive-date=25 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425135348/https://www.worldatlas.com/flags/guadeloupe |url-status=live}}</ref> Independentists also have their own flag suggested by the [[People's Union for the Liberation of Guadeloupe]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 August 2016 |title=Polémique au Suriname autour du drapeau indépendantiste guadeloupéen |url=https://www.franceguyane.fr/actualite/politique/polemique-au-suriname-autour-du-drapeau-independantiste-guadeloupeen-289620.php |access-date=12 June 2023 |website=franceguyane.fr |language=fr-FR |archive-date=12 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230612131648/https://www.franceguyane.fr/actualite/politique/polemique-au-suriname-autour-du-drapeau-independantiste-guadeloupeen-289620.php |url-status=live}}</ref>

<gallery mode="small" class="center">
File:Flag of France.svg|National flag of France
File:Unofficial flag of Guadeloupe (local).svg|Colonial flag of Guadeloupe
File:Flag of Guadeloupe (local) variant.svg|Red variant of the colonial sun flag
File:Flag of Guadeloupe (UPLG).svg|Flag used by the independence and the cultural movements
File:Flag of Guadeloupe (Local).svg|Logo of the Regional Council of Guadeloupe
</gallery>