Editing Geography of the Philippines (section)

===Mindanao===
[[File:Atlas of the Philippine Islands (1900) (14585692528).jpg|thumb|An old map of Mindanao from the Atlas of the Philippine Islands (1900).]]

==== Eastern Pacific Cordillera ====
The eastern coast of Mindanao features a long mountain range, the [[Eastern Pacific Cordillera]], which stretches from [[Bilar Point]] at Surigao in the north to [[Cape San Agustin]] at Davao in the south. Forming its northern portion are the [[Diwata Mountains]] (also spelled ''Diuata''), separated from the south by low [[mountain pass|passes]] situated at the middle. To the east of the range are narrow strips of lowland that feature several inlets and bays, the most prominent of which include the [[Lianga Bay|Lianga]] and [[Bislig Bay|Bislig]] bays.<ref name=ThePhilippineIslandWorld>{{cite book|last1=Wernstedt|first1=Frederick L.|last2=Spencer|first2=Joseph Earl|title=The Philippine Island World: A Physical, Cultural, and Regional Geography|date=1978|publisher=University of California Press|location=Berkeley|isbn=9780520035133|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_6Pn0Pfh1Cl0C/page/n44 32]–37|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_6Pn0Pfh1Cl0C|access-date=January 27, 2016}}</ref><ref name=HumanHelminthiases>{{cite book|last1=Hinz|first1=Erhard|title=Human Helminthiases in the Philippines the Epidemiological and Geomedical Situation|date=1985|publisher=Springer Berlin Heidelberg|location=Berlin, Heidelberg|isbn=9783642708411|pages=129–131|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_PvsCAAAQBAJ|access-date=January 27, 2016}}</ref>

==== Davao-Agusan Trough ====
To the west  of the Pacific Cordillera lies an extensive lowland, the [[Davao-Agusan Trough]]. Its northern portion includes the [[Agusan Valley]] which forms the lower [[river basin]] of the [[Agusan River]]. The river flows in a northward direction and empties into [[Butuan Bay]]. Draining the southern portion of the lowland are several other rivers, which include the [[Tagum River|Tagum]], flowing southward to [[Davao Gulf]].<ref name=ThePhilippineIslandWorld /><ref name=HumanHelminthiases />

==== Central Mindanao highlands ====
Situated west of the Davao-Agusan Trough is a complex series of mountain ranges called the [[Central Mindanao Highlands]] (also known as the ''Central Cordillera''). From these mountains form the [[headwaters]] of several rivers which include the [[Rio Grande de Mindanao]], [[Pulangi River|Pulangi]], [[Maridagao River|Maridagao]] and [[Tagoloan River|Tagoloan]] rivers. Several tall mountains, such as [[Mount Apo]], the country's highest are found within the range.<ref name=ThePhilippineIslandWorld />

==== Bukidnon-Lanao plateaus ====
The north-central portion of Mindanao is dominated by an extensive highland region, the [[Bukidnon-Lanao Plateau]], which includes the [[Kitanglad Mountain Range|Kitanglad]] and [[Kalatungan Mountain Range|Kalatungan]] mountain ranges. Within the plateau lies the country's second largest lake, [[Lake Lanao]] situated at an elevation of 2,296 feet, drained by the [[Agus River]] flowing northward to its [[river mouth]] at [[Iligan Bay]].<ref name=ThePhilippineIslandWorld />

==== Cotabato Basin ====
South of the Bukidnon-Lanao Plateau lies a large [[depression (geology)|depression]], the Cotabato Basin, which forms the lower river basin of the country's second largest river system, the [[Rio Grande de Cagayan]] (also known as the ''Mindanao River''). Surrounded by three mountain ranges, the basin's only opening to the sea is to the northwest at [[Illana Bay]], where the Mindanao River empties into the ocean.<ref name=ThePhilippineIslandWorld /><ref name=HumanHelminthiases />

To the southeast of the main basin are two large valleys, the [[Koronadal Valley|Koronadal]] and [[Allah Valley|Allah]] valleys.<ref name=ThePhilippineIslandWorld />

==== Tiruray highlands ====
Situated south and west of the Cotabato Basin are a moderately high mountain range, the [[Tiruray Highlands]], which block off the Basin from the southern coastline.<ref name=HumanHelminthiases /> South of the highlands are narrow strips of coastlines.<ref name=ThePhilippineIslandWorld />

==== Zamboanga peninsula ====
At the northwestern tip of Mindanao is the generally mountainous [[Zamboanga Peninsula (geographical region)|Zamboanga Peninsula]]. The chain of mountain ranges in this region is called ''[[Zamboanga Cordilleras]]'', with the highest elevation at [[Mount Dapi]], which is {{convert|2617|m|sp=us}} high.

The southern coastline is irregular, featuring two smaller peninsulas, the [[Sibuguey Peninsula|Sibuguey]] and [[Baganian Peninsula|Baganian]], extending southward to the [[Moro Gulf]].<ref name=ThePhilippineIslandWorld />