Editing Fuel injection (section)

=== 1950s–1970s: manifold injection for petrol engines ===
{{multiple image
 | align = right
 | direction = vertical
 | width = 220
 | image1 = 1959 Chevrolet Corvette C1 V8 283 cui Fuel Injection.jpg
 | caption1 = 1950s [[Rochester Ramjet]] mechanical port injection system (on a [[Chevrolet_small-block_engine_(first_and_second_generation)#283|Chevrolet 283 engine]])
 | image2   = BMW Engine M88 from a M1.JPG
 | caption2 =1970s [[Kugelfischer]] mechanical port injection system (on a [[BMW M88]] engine)
 | image3   = K-Jet MT1.jpg
 | caption3 = Components of a 1970s [[K-Jetronic]] electronic port injection system
}}

Throughout the 1950s, several manufacturers introduced their manifold injection systems for petrol engines. [[Lucas Industries]] had begun developing a fuel injection system in 1941 and by 1956 it was used in the Jaguar racing cars.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.lucasinjection.com/HISTORY.htm |title=A short history of Lucas injection |publisher=lucasinjection.com |access-date=2015-05-01}}</ref> At the [[1957 24 Hours of Le Mans]], the 1st to 4th placed cars were [[Jaguar D-Type]] entries using a Lucas fuel injection system.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lucas Le Mans 1957 |url=https://www.lucasinjection.com/lucaslemas1957.jpg |website=www.lucasinjection.com |access-date=25 December 2022}}</ref> Also in 1957, General Motors introduced the [[Rochester Ramjet]] option, consisting of a fuel injection system for the V8 engine in the Chevrolet Corvette. During the 1960s, fuel injection systems were also produced by [[Stuart Hilborn|Hilborn]],<ref name="howgood">{{cite journal |last=Walton |first=Harry |title=How Good is Fuel Injection? |journal=Popular Science |date=March 1957 |volume=170 |issue=3 |pages=88–93 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=byEDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA88 |access-date=2015-05-01}}</ref> [[SPICA]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Spica Fuel Injection |url=https://www.hemmings.com/stories/article/spica-fuel-injection |access-date=2023-10-30 |website=www.hemmings.com}}</ref> and [[Kugelfischer]].

Up until this time, the fuel injection systems had used a mechanical control system. In 1957, the American [[Bendix Electrojector]] system was introduced, which used analogue electronics for the control system. The Electrojector was intended to be available for the [[Rambler Rebel]] mid-size car, however reliability problems meant that the fuel injection option was not offered.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F60C16FD355A137A93C6AB1788D85F438585F9 |last=Ingraham |first=Joseph C. |title=Automobiles: Races; Everybody Manages to Win Something at the Daytona Beach Contests |newspaper=The New York Times |date=1957-03-24 |page=153 |access-date=2015-05-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |journal=Consumer Reports |year=1957 |volume=22 |title=1957 cars |page=154}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Aird |first=Forbes |title=Bosch fuel injection systems |publisher=HP Trade |year=2001 |page=29 |isbn=978-1-55788-365-0}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.petersen.org/default.cfm?docid=1034 |first=Leslie |last=Kendall |title=American Musclecars: Power to the People |publisher=Petersen Automotive Museum |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111027060937/http://www.petersen.org/default.cfm?docid=1034 |archive-date=2011-10-27 |access-date=2022-03-13}}</ref><ref name="auto.howstuffworks.com">{{cite web |url= http://auto.howstuffworks.com/1957-1960-rambler-rebel2.htm |title=Rambler Measures Up |website=How Stuff Works |date=2007-08-22 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200729153245/http://auto.howstuffworks.com/1957-1960-rambler-rebel2.htm |archive-date=2020-07-29 |access-date=2022-03-13}}</ref> In 1958, the [[Chrysler 300 letter series#1958 300D|Chrysler 300D]], [[DeSoto Adventurer]], [[1958 Dodge#D-500|Dodge D-500]] and [[Plymouth Fury]] offered the Electrojector system, becoming the first cars known to use an electronic fuel injection (EFI) system.<ref name="1958DeSoto">{{cite web |title=1958 Chrysler-DeSoto Electrojector - World's First Electronic Fuel Injection|last1=Mattar|first1=George|url= https://www.allpar.com/cars/desoto/electrojector.html |website=Allpar|access-date=2018-11-08}}</ref>

The Electrojector patents were subsequently sold to Bosch, who developed the Electrojector into the Bosch [[D-Jetronic]].<ref>{{cite web |title=D-Jetronic History and Fundamentals |url=http://members.rennlist.com/pbanders/djetfund.htm |website=www.rennlist.com |access-date=26 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100809110201/http://members.rennlist.com/pbanders/djetfund.htm |archive-date=9 August 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref> The D-Jetronic was produced from 1967-1976 and first used on the [[Volkswagen Type 3|VW 1600TL/E]]. The system was a speed/density system, using engine speed and intake manifold air density to calculate the amount of fuel to be injected. In 1974, Bosch introduced the [[K-Jetronic]] system, which used a continuous flow of fuel from the injectors (rather than the pulsed flow of the D-Jetronic system). K-Jetronic was a mechanical injection system, using a plunger actuated by the intake manifold pressure which then controlled the fuel flow to the injectors.<ref name="von Fersen_256">Olaf von Fersen (ed.): ''Ein Jahrhundert Automobiltechnik. Personenwagen'', VDI-Verlag, Düsseldorf 1986, {{ISBN|978-3-642-95773-4}}. p. 256</ref> 

Also in 1974, Bosch introduced the [[L-Jetronic]] system, a pulsed flow system which used an [[Mass_flow_sensor#Moving_vane_meter|air flow meter]] to calculate the amount of fuel required. L-Jetronic was widely adopted on European cars during the 1970s and 1980s. As a system that uses electronically-controlled fuel injectors which open and close to control the amount of fuel entering the engine, the L-Jetronic system uses the same basic principles as modern electronic fuel injection (EFI) systems.