Editing Foreign relations of India (section)

==Europe==
;Albania
{{main|Albania–India relations}}

;Austria
{{main|Austria–India relations}}

Austria–India relations refers to the bilateral ties between Austria and India. Indo-Austrian relations were established in May 1949 by the first [[Prime Minister of India]] [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] and the [[Chancellor of Austria]] [[Leopold Figl]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ficci.com/international/75126/Project_docs/Austria_Profile.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=15 January 2013 |archive-date=9 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509125655/http://www.ficci.com/international/75126/Project_docs/Austria_Profile.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Historically, Indo-Austrian ties have been particularly strong and India intervened in June 1953 in Austria's favour whilst negotiations were going on with the Soviet Union about the Austrian State Treaty.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bmeia.gv.at/en/embassy/new-delhi/bilateral-relations/india.html |title=Austrian Foreign Ministry → Embassy → New Delhi → India |access-date=21 February 2015 |archive-date=21 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150221183528/http://www.bmeia.gv.at/en/embassy/new-delhi/bilateral-relations/india.html |url-status=live }}</ref> There is a fully functioning Indian embassy in Vienna, Austria's capital, which is concurrently accredited to the United Nations offices in the city.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://delhigate.com/in2delhi/missions.htm |title=List of Missions and Posts of India Abroad |access-date=15 January 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080905214613/http://delhigate.com/in2delhi/missions.htm |archive-date=5 September 2008 }}</ref> Austria is represented in India by its embassy and Trade Commission in New Delhi, India's capital, as well as honorary consulates in Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai and Goa.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.advantageaustria.org/in/oesterreich-in-india/netzwerk/network.en.html |title=Austrian Representatives in India |work=Advantage Austria |access-date=21 February 2015 |archive-date=21 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150221170235/http://www.advantageaustria.org/in/oesterreich-in-india/netzwerk/network.en.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
[[File:Prime Minister Narendra Modi during a bilateral meeting with President of Belarus Alexander Lukashenko.jpg|thumb|Indian Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] and Belarus President [[Alexander Lukashenko]].]]
;Belarus
{{main|Belarus–India relations}}

Belarus has an embassy in [[New Delhi]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.india.mfa.gov.by/en/ |title=Embassy of the Republic of Belarus in the Republic of India |publisher=India.mfa.gov.by |date= |access-date=2022-08-05 |archive-date=27 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220427104940/https://india.mfa.gov.by/en/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Since 14 May 1992, India has an embassy in [[Minsk]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://indembminsk.org/ |title=Ind Emb Minsk |access-date=19 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120116092305/http://www.indembminsk.org/?page=3760 |archive-date=16 January 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

;Belgium
{{main|Belgium–India relations}}

Belgium has an [[Embassy of Belgium, New Delhi|embassy in New Delhi]], consulates in [[Chennai]] and [[Mumbai]], and an honorary consulate in [[Kolkata]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://india.diplomatie.belgium.be/en/embassy-and-consulates|title=Embassy and consulates|date=4 December 2014|access-date=10 April 2016|archive-date=3 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160403110241/http://india.diplomatie.belgium.be/en/embassy-and-consulates|url-status=live}}</ref> 
India has an [[Embassy of India, Brussels|embassy in Brussels]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indianembassybrussels.gov.in/|title=Welcome to Embassy of India, Belgium, Luxembourg & European Union|website=indianembassybrussels.gov.in|access-date=8 February 2019|archive-date=27 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190127061752/https://indianembassybrussels.gov.in/|url-status=live}}</ref>

;Bosnia and Herzegovina
{{main|Bosnia and Herzegovina–India relations}}

;Bulgaria
{{main|Bulgaria–India relations}}
Bulgaria has an embassy in New Delhi and an honorary consulate in [[Kolkata]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.bg/delhi/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501072933/http://www.mfa.bg/delhi/|url-status=dead|title=Bulgarian embassy in New Delhi|archive-date=1 May 2015}}</ref> India has an embassy in [[Sofia]].<ref>[http://www.indembsofia.org/ Indian embassy in Sofia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090719032901/http://www.indembsofia.org/ |date=19 July 2009 }}. Indembsofia.org. Retrieved 12 November 2011.</ref>

;Croatia
{{main|Croatia–India relations}}

Since February 1995, Croatia has an embassy in [[New Delhi]] and an honorary consulate in [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mvep.hr/en/diplomatic-directory/diplomatic-missions-and-consular-offices-of-croatia/india-new-delhi,143.html|title=MVEP • Diplomatic Missions and Consular Offices of Croatia • India, New Delhi|website=mvep.hr|access-date=14 May 2015|archive-date=20 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150520074039/http://www.mvep.hr/en/diplomatic-directory/diplomatic-missions-and-consular-offices-of-croatia/india-new-delhi,143.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Since 28 April 1996, India has an embassy in [[Zagreb]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indianembassy.hr/ |title=Indian embassy in Zagreb |publisher=Indianembassy.hr |date=9 January 2009 |access-date=11 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424131308/http://www.indianembassy.hr/ |archive-date=24 April 2015 |url-status=dead  }}</ref>

;Czech Republic
{{main|Czech Republic–India relations}}

Czech-Indian relations were established in 1921 by a consulate in Bombay.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.czechindia.com/en/history-of-relations|title=History of Relations – Czech-Indian Chamber of Commerce|first=Santiaco.cz – tvorba WWW stranek, programovani|last=citaty|website=czechindia.com|access-date=21 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161006104349/http://www.czechindia.com/en/history-of-relations|archive-date=6 October 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Czech Republic has an embassy in New Delhi.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://czech-republic.visahq.com/embassy/India/ |title=Czech Republic Embassy in India |publisher=VisaHQ |access-date=21 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130827155630/http://czech-republic.visahq.com/embassy/india |archive-date=27 August 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Consulates of the Czech Republic in India are in [[Chennai]], [[Mumbai]] and [[Kolkata]]. India has an embassy in Prague.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.visatoindia.com/indian-embassy-in-czech-republic.html |title=Embassy of India, Czech Republic |work=Visa to India |access-date=21 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091004131727/http://www.visatoindia.com/indian-embassy-in-czech-republic.html |archive-date=4 October 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref>[[File:Henning_Holck-Larsen_2008_stamp_of_India.jpg|thumb|242x242px|India released a stamp commemorating [[Henning Holck-Larsen]], founder of [[Larsen & Toubro]].|left]]
;Denmark
{{main|Denmark–India relations}}

Denmark has an embassy in [[New Delhi]], and India has an embassy in [[Copenhagen]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ambnewdelhi.um.dk/en |title=Danish Embassy in New Delhi |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark |access-date=14 July 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719132543/http://www.ambnewdelhi.um.dk/en |archive-date=19 July 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indian-embassy.dk/mainPages/home.asp |title=Indian Embassy in Copenhagen |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Italy |access-date=14 July 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110730054224/http://www.indian-embassy.dk/mainPages/home.asp |archive-date=30 July 2011 }}</ref>

[[Tranquebar]], a town in the southern Indian state of [[Tamil Nadu]], was a Danish colony in India from 1620 to 1845. It is spelled ''Trankebar'' or ''Tranquebar'' in [[Danish language|Danish]], which comes from the native [[Tamil language|Tamil]], Tarangambadi, meaning "place of the singing waves". It was sold, along with the other Danish settlements in mainland India, most notably [[Serampore]] (now in [[West Bengal]]), to [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|Great Britain]] in 1845. The [[Nicobar Islands]] were also colonised by Denmark until sold to the British in 1868, who made them part of the British Indian Empire.
After Independence in 1947, Indian prime minister [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]'s visit to Denmark in 1957 laid the foundation for a friendly relationship between India and Denmark that has endured ever since. The [[Bilateralism|bilateral relations]] between India and Denmark are cordial and friendly, based on synergies in political, economic, academic and research fields. There have been periodic high-level visits between the two countries.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indian-embassy.dk/others/DENMARK_MISSION_WEBSITE_OCT_2010.pdf/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309050205/http://www.indian-embassy.dk/others/DENMARK_MISSION_WEBSITE_OCT_2010.pdf|url-status=dead|title=indian-embassy.dk – Just another WordPress site|archive-date=9 March 2012}}</ref>[[File:The_Denmark_Tavern_of_Serampore_in_West_Bengal.jpg|thumb|The Denmark Tavern of Serampore in West Bengal]][[Anders Fogh Rasmussen]], former [[Prime Minister of Denmark]], accompanied by a large business delegation, paid a [[state visit]] to India from 4 to 8 February 2008. He visited [[Infosys]], [[Biocon]] and [[IIM Bangalore]] in [[Bangalore]] and [[Agra]]. He launched an 'India Action Plan', which called for strengthening of the political dialogue, strengthening of cooperation in trade and investments, research in science and technology, [[energy]], [[climate]] and [[Environmental policy|environment]], culture, education, student exchanges and attracting skilled manpower and IT experts to Denmark for short periods. The two countries signed an Agreement for the establishment of a Bilateral Joint Commission for Cooperation.

In July 2012, the [[Government of India]] decided to scale down its diplomatic ties with Denmark after that country's refusal to appeal in their Supreme Court against a decision of its lower court rejecting the extradition of [[Purulia arms drop case]] prime accused Kim Davy a.k.a. [[Niels Holck]]. Agitated over Denmark's refusal to act on India's repeated requests to appeal in their apex court to facilitate Davy's [[extradition]] to India, the government issued a circular directing all senior officials not to meet or entertain any Danish diplomat posted in India.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/India-to-scale-down-diplomatic-ties-with-Denmark/Article1-887814.aspx |title=India to scale down diplomatic ties with Denmark |date=12 July 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509045043/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/India-to-scale-down-diplomatic-ties-with-Denmark/Article1-887814.aspx |archive-date=9 May 2013 }}</ref>

;Estonia
{{Main|Estonia–India relations}}

India's first recognition of Estonia came on 22 September 1921 when the former had just acquired membership in the [[League of Nations]]. India re-recognised Estonia on 9 September 1991 and diplomatic relations were established on 2 December of the same year in [[Helsinki]]. Neither country has a resident ambassador. Estonia is represented in India by an embassy in New Delhi one honorary consulate in [[Mumbai]]. India is represented in Estonia through its embassy in Helsinki (Finland) and an honorary consulate in [[Tallinn]].

{{multiple image
| align             = right
| image1            = Stamp of India - 2003 - Colnect 158346 - India France Joint Issue - Rooster Motif 15th Century Sketc.jpeg
| width1            = 160
| image2            = Stamp of India - 2003 - Colnect 158347 - India France Joint Issue - Peacock Motif 19th Century Minak.jpeg
| width2            = 160
| footer            = India France Joint Issue - 2003 - Commemorating relationship.
| caption1          = Rooster Motif 15th Century Sketch
| caption2          = Peacock Motif 19th Century Minakari
}}

;France
{{Main|France–India relations}}

France and India established diplomatic relations before India's [[Indian Independence Act 1947|independence from the British Empire]] on 17 February 1947.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0fCFzLGjiLMC&dq=India+and+France+to+Exchange+Ambassadors&pg=PA195 |title=Indian Information Volume 20 |year=1947 |publisher=1947 |pages=196 |access-date=29 May 2023 |archive-date=10 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010071016/https://books.google.com/books?id=0fCFzLGjiLMC&dq=India+and+France+to+Exchange+Ambassadors&pg=PA195 |url-status=live }}</ref> France's Indian possessions were returned to India after a treaty of cession was signed by the two countries in May 1956. On 16 August 1962, India and France exchanged the instruments of ratification under which France ceded to India full sovereignty over the territories it held. [[Puducherry (city)|Pondicherry]] and the other enclaves of Karaikal, Mahe and Yanam came to be administered as the Union Territory of Puducherry on 1 July 1963.

France, Russia and Israel were the only countries that did not condemn [[Pokhran-II|India's decision to go nuclear in 1998]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cns.miis.edu/research/india/reaction.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=23 November 2001 |archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20011123140851/http://cns.miis.edu/research/india/reaction.htm |archive-date=23 November 2001 |url-status=dead  }}</ref> In 2003, France became the largest supplier of nuclear fuel and technology to India and remains a large military and economic trade partner. India's candidacy for permanent membership in the UN Security Council has found very strong support from former French President Nicolas Sarkozy. The Indian Government's decisions to purchase French {{sclass2|Scorpène|submarine|1}}s worth US$3 billion and 43 [[Airbus]] aircraft for [[Air India]] worth US$2.5 billion have further cemented the strategic, military and economic cooperation between India and France.

France's decision to ban schoolchildren from wearing headdresses and veils had the unintended consequence of affecting Sikh children who have been refused entry into public schools. The Indian Government, citing the historic traditions of the Sikh community, has requested French authorities to review the situation to not exclude Sikh children from education.

President [[Nicolas Sarkozy]] and [[François Hollande]] visited India in January 2008 and 2016 respectively as the Chief Guest of the annual [[Republic Day (India)|Republic Day]] parade in New Delhi. France was the first country to sign a nuclear energy cooperation agreement with India; this was done during Prime Minister Singh's visit, following the waiver by the [[Nuclear Suppliers Group]]. During the [[Bastille Day]] celebrations on 14 July 2009, a detachment of 400 Indian troops marched alongside the French troops and the then [[Prime Minister of India|Indian Prime Minister]] Manmohan Singh was the guest of honour.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.france24.com/en/20090714-france-honours-india-bastille-day-military-parade |title=France honours India in Bastille Day military parade |publisher=France 24 |date=14 July 2009 |access-date=21 November 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090715132038/http://www.france24.com/en/20090714-france-honours-india-bastille-day-military-parade |archive-date=15 July 2009}}</ref>

;Finland
{{main|Finland–India relations}}

India has an embassy in [[Helsinki]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indianembassy.fi/ |title=Home – Embassy of India – Finland and Estonia |work=Embassy of India |access-date=19 February 2015 |archive-date=23 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150223092020/http://www.indianembassy.fi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Finland has an embassy in [[New Delhi]] and three honorary consulates in [[Kolkata]], [[Chennai]], and [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.finland.org.in/public/default.aspx?contentid=77955|title=Embassy – Embassy of Finland, New Delhi : Embassy|website=finland.org.in|access-date=14 May 2015|archive-date=3 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150903232122/http://www.finland.org.in/public/default.aspx?contentid=77955|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-09709-0002, Dresden, Ankunft eines indischen Gaststudenten.jpg|thumb|Arrival of the first Indian student to Dresden, East Germany, in 1951|256x256px]]
;Germany
{{Main|Germany–India relations}}During the [[Cold War]] India maintained diplomatic relations with both West Germany and East Germany. Since the fall of the Berlin Wall, and the reunification of Germany, relations have further improved.

Germany is India's largest trade partner in Europe. Between 2004 and 2013, Indo-German trade grew in volume but dropped in importance.<ref>{{cite news |title=Tracking India's bilateral trade with Germany, Europe's powerhouse |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/specials/statsguru-tracking-india-s-bilateral-trade-with-germany-europe-s-powerhouse-115101200051_1.html |newspaper=Business Standard |date=12 October 2015 |access-date=14 October 2015 |archive-date=31 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200531191425/https://www.business-standard.com/article/specials/statsguru-tracking-india-s-bilateral-trade-with-germany-europe-s-powerhouse-115101200051_1.html |url-status=live }}</ref> According to Indian Ministry of Commerce MX data: Total trade between India and Germany was $5.5 billion (3.8% share of Indian trade and ranked 6) in 2004 and $21.6 billion (2.6% share of Indian trade and ranked 9) in 2013. Indian exports to Germany were $2.54 billion (3.99% ranked 6) in 2004 and $7.3billion (2.41% ranked 10) in 2013. Indian imports from Germany were $2.92 billion (3.73% ranked 6) in 2004 and $14.33 billion (2.92% ranked 10) in 2013.

[[File:Be Indian Embassy 01.jpg|thumb|left|Embassy of the Republic of India in [[Berlin]] (2008)]]

Indo-German ties are transactional. The strategic relationship between Germany and India suffers from sustained anti-Asian sentiment,<ref name="2014 World Service Poll">[http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/country-rating-poll.pdf 2014 World Service Poll] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181002222058/http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/country-rating-poll.pdf |date=2 October 2018 }} [[BBC]]</ref> {{Citation needed|reason=Does not claim anti-Asian sentiment|date=November 2016}} [[institutionalized discrimination]] against minority groups,<ref>{{cite news |title=Germany's neo-Nazi investigation exposes institutional racism |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2012/nov/13/germany-neo-nazi-investigation-institutional-racism |newspaper=The Guardian |date=13 November 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Salentin |first1=Kurt |title=Determinants of Experience of Discrimination in Minorities in Germany |publisher=University of Bielefeld, Germany |edition=International Journal of Conflict and Violence |url=http://www.ijcv.org/index.php/ijcv/article/viewFile/19/19 |ref=J C V : Vol. 1 (1) 2007, pp. 32 – 50 |access-date=14 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015234711/http://www.ijcv.org/index.php/ijcv/article/viewFile/19/19 |archive-date=15 October 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Wage Discrimination and Occupational Segregation of Foreign Male Workers in Germany |date=March 1995 |publisher=Zentrumjiir Europiiische Wirtschajtsjorschung (ZEW) |url=http://ftp.zew.de/pub/zew-docs/dp/dp9504.pdf |access-date=14 October 2015 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304072256/http://ftp.zew.de/pub/zew-docs/dp/dp9504.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite thesis |last1=Yentl Solari |first1=Sarah |title=German Nationality: An Illustration of Institutionalized Discrimination |date=22 April 2009 |publisher=Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University |hdl=10919/32117 |url=http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32117 |access-date=26 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151026032556/http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-05022009-093141/unrestricted/Thesis.pdf |archive-date=26 October 2015 |type=Thesis |url-status=dead  }}</ref> and xenophobic incidents against Indians in Germany. The [[Mügeln#Mügeln mob attack|2007 Mügeln mob attack on Indians]] and the [[Leipzig University internship controversy|2015 Leipzig University internship controversy]] have clouded the predominantly commercial-oriented relationship between the two countries. Stiff competition between foreign manufactured goods within the Indian market has seen machine tools, automotive parts and medical supplies from German ''[[Mittelstand]]'' ceding ground to high-technology imports manufactured by companies located in [[ASEAN]] & [[BRICS]] countries.<ref>{{cite news |title=How much is 'Made in Germany' really worth? |url=http://www.dw.de/how-much-is-made-in-germany-really-worth/a-17372908 |publisher=Deutsche Welle |date=20 January 2014 |access-date=14 October 2015 |archive-date=3 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403005529/http://www.dw.de/how-much-is-made-in-germany-really-worth/a-17372908 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=German machinery manufacturers face Chinese challenge |url=http://automotiveproductsfinder.com/APFCONTENT/articles/german-machinery-manufacturers-face-chinese-challenge.php |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150407164448/http://automotiveproductsfinder.com/APFCONTENT/articles/german-machinery-manufacturers-face-chinese-challenge.php |url-status=dead |archive-date=7 April 2015 |issue=October 2013 |publisher=Automotive Products Finder}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=German machine tool industry aims to catch up with Japan in Thailand |url=http://www.vdw.de/bin/load_file_inter.pl?p_bereich=presse_info&p_paket_id=16&p_dok_id=6959&p_sprache=e&p_typ=att |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402101902/http://www.vdw.de/bin/load_file_inter.pl?p_bereich=presse_info&p_paket_id=16&p_dok_id=6959&p_sprache=e&p_typ=att |url-status=dead |archive-date=2 April 2015 |publisher=VDW (German Machine Tool Builders' Association) |date=26 November 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=The future of German mechanical engineering |url=http://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/McKinsey/dotcom/client_service/Automotive%20and%20Assembly/PDFs/Updated%20VDMA%20reports/VDMA_ENGLISH_FINAL.ashx |issue=July 2014 |publisher=McKinsey & Company |access-date=14 October 2015 |archive-date=2 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402115325/http://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/McKinsey/dotcom/client_service/Automotive%20and%20Assembly/PDFs/Updated%20VDMA%20reports/VDMA_ENGLISH_FINAL.ashx |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Volkswagen emissions scandal]] drew the spotlight on corrupt behaviour in German boardrooms<ref>{{cite news |title='Made in Germany' lies in the 'gutter' after Volkswagen caught cheating |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/economics/11880921/Made-in-Germany-lies-in-the-gutter-after-Volkswagen-caught-cheating.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/economics/11880921/Made-in-Germany-lies-in-the-gutter-after-Volkswagen-caught-cheating.html |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |newspaper=The Telegraph |date=21 September 2015}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=VW scandal more proof something is rotten in European corporations |url=http://www.marketwatch.com/story/vw-scandal-is-more-proof-that-something-is-rotten-in-european-corporations-2015-09-22 |publisher=Market Watch |date=22 September 2015 |access-date=14 October 2015 |archive-date=15 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015234710/http://www.marketwatch.com/story/vw-scandal-is-more-proof-that-something-is-rotten-in-european-corporations-2015-09-22 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=German Cheats |url=http://www.politico.eu/article/leyen-plagarism-germany-gutenberg-scandal/ |work=Politico |date=28 September 2015 |access-date=14 October 2015 |archive-date=15 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015234710/http://www.politico.eu/article/leyen-plagarism-germany-gutenberg-scandal/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and brought back memories of the [[Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft|HDW]] bribery scandal surrounding the procurement of {{sclass|Shishumar|submarine|1}}s by the Indian Navy. The India-Germany strategic relationship is limited by the insignificance of German geopolitical influence in Asian affairs. Germany has no strategic footprint in Asia. Germany like India is working towards gaining permanent seats in the [[United Nations Security Council]].

[[File:Deities on the coins of Agathocles of Bactria.jpg|alt=|thumb|Greek and Indian deities on the coinage of [[Agathocles of Bactria|Agathocles]], circa 180 BCE. Besides the Greek god [[Zeus]], the Indian deities have been variously identified as the [[Buddha]], [[Vishnu]], [[Shiva]], [[Vasudeva]] or [[Balarama]].|223x223px]]
;Greece
{{Main|Greece–India relations}}For the Ancient Greeks "India" (Greek: Ινδία) meant only the upper Indus until the time of Alexander the Great. Afterwards, "India" meant to the Greeks most of the northern half of the Indian subcontinent. The Greeks referred to the Indians as "Indói" (Greek: Ἰνδοί), literally meaning "the people of the Indus River". Indians called the Greeks Yonas or "Yavanas" from Ionians.
[[Indo-Greek kingdoms]] were founded by the successor of Alexander the Great. (Greek conquests in India)
The [[Periplus of the Erythraean Sea]] was a manual written in Greek for navigators who carried trade between Roman Empire and other regions, including ancient India. It gives detailed information about the ports, routes and commodities. The Greek ethnographer and explorer of the Hellenistic period, [[Megasthenes]] was the ambassador of [[Seleucus I]] in India. In his work, Indika (Greek: Ινδικά), he wrote the history of Indians and their culture. Megasthenes also mentioned the prehistoric arrival of the God [[Dionysus]] and [[Herakles]] (Megasthenes' Herakles) in India.

There is now tangible evidence indicating that the settlement of Greek merchants in Bengal must have begun as early as the beginning of the seventeenth century.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://elinepa.org/three-centuries-of-hellenic-presence-in-bengal|title = Three Centuries of Hellenic Presence in Bengal|date = 31 December 2005|access-date = 8 September 2020|archive-date = 5 August 2020|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200805193344/https://elinepa.org/three-centuries-of-hellenic-presence-in-bengal/|url-status = live}}</ref> Dimitrios Galanos (Greek: Δημήτριος Γαλανός, 1760–1833) was the earliest recorded Greek Indologist. His translations of Sanskrit texts into Greek made knowledge of the philosophical and religious ideas of India available to many Europeans. A "Dimitrios Galanos" Chair for Hellenic Studies was established at Jawaharlal Nehru University in New Delhi, India in September 2000.

In modern times, diplomatic relations between Greece and India were established in May 1950. The new Greek Embassy building in New Delhi was inaugurated on 6 February 2001.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tomilson |first1=C |title=Greek leader says earthquake could bring together India, Pakistan |url=http://infoweb.newsbank.com/resources/doc/nb/news/0F891F6D412BD726?p=AWNB |access-date=1 February 2017 |publisher=Associated Press Archive |date=6 February 2001 |archive-date=5 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605155630/https://infoweb.newsbank.com/resources/user/login?destination=doc%2Fnb%2Fnews%2F0F891F6D412BD726%3Fp%3DAWNB |url-status=live }}</ref>  As of 2020, the relationship between the two countries is closer than ever and is considered historical and strategic by both parties.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://greekcitytimes.com/2020/10/30/india-greece-historical-friendship/|title=Indian FM Emphasizes 'historical Friendship' With Greece As Bilateral Ties Rapidly Foster|date=30 October 2020|access-date=26 November 2020|archive-date=25 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125134824/https://greekcitytimes.com/2020/10/30/india-greece-historical-friendship/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://greekcitytimes.com/2020/11/15/indian-fm-greece-strategic-partner/|title=Indian FM: Greece Is Our Strategic Partner|first=Paul|last=Antonopoulos|date=15 November 2020|access-date=26 November 2020|archive-date=27 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127200818/https://greekcitytimes.com/2020/11/15/indian-fm-greece-strategic-partner/|url-status=live}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=June 2022}}
[[File:The Vice President, Shri M. Hamid Ansari and the Prime Minister of Hungary, Mr. Viktor Orban making joint press statement after singing of MoUs, in Budapest, Hungary on October 16, 2016.jpg|thumb|Prime Minister of Hungary [[Viktor Orbán]] and Vice President of India [[Mohammad Hamid Ansari]] in [[Budapest]] in 2016]]
;Hungary
{{main|Hungary–India relations}}

The Indian embassy is located in [[Budapest]].

;Iceland
{{Main|Iceland–India relations}}

Iceland and India established diplomatic relations in 1972. The Embassy of Iceland in London was accredited to India and the Embassy of India in [[Oslo]], Norway, was accredited to Iceland. However, it was only after 2003 that the two countries began close diplomatic and economic relationships.<ref name="Inauguration of the Embassy of Iceland in New Delhi"/> In 2003, [[President of Iceland]] [[Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson]] visited India on a diplomatic mission. This was the first visit by an Icelandic President to India. During the visit, Iceland pledged support to New Delhi's candidature for a permanent seat in the [[United Nations Security Council]] thus becoming the first [[Nordic countries|Nordic]] country to do so. This was followed by an official visit of [[President of India]] [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]] to Iceland in May 2005.<ref name="My background helps me: Kalam">{{cite news |last=Prasad |first=K. V. |date=30 May 2005 |title=My background helps me: Kalam |url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/05/30/stories/2005053014431200.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060115104755/http://www.hindu.com/2005/05/30/stories/2005053014431200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 January 2006 |location=Chennai, India |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=28 September 2008}}</ref> Following this, a new embassy of Iceland was opened in New Delhi on 26 February 2006.<ref name="Inauguration of the Embassy of Iceland in New Delhi">{{cite web |url=http://www.iceland.org/in/the-embassy/news-and-events/nr/1748|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061003172058/http://www.iceland.org/in/the-embassy/news-and-events/nr/1748|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 October 2006 |title=Inauguration of the Embassy of Iceland in New Delhi |date=26 February 2006 |publisher=Icelandic Foreign Service |access-date=28 September 2008}}</ref> Soon, an [[Indian Navy]] team visited Iceland on a friendly mission.<ref name="Indian Navy Team in Iceland">{{cite web |url=http://www.iceland.org/in/the-embassy/news-and-events/nr/2929 |title=Indian Navy Team in Iceland |date=25 August 2006 |publisher=Icelandic Foreign Service |access-date=28 September 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081203003017/http://www.iceland.org./in/the-embassy/news-and-events/nr/2929 |archive-date=3 December 2008 }}</ref> [[Gunnar Pálsson]] is the ambassador of Iceland to India. The Embassy's area of accreditation, apart from India includes Bangladesh, Indonesia, the Seychelles, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Maldives, Mauritius and Nepal.<ref name="About the Embassy">{{cite web |url=http://www.iceland.org/in/the-embassy/about-the-embassy/ |title=About the Embassy |publisher=Icelandic Foreign Service |access-date=28 September 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080928072152/http://www.iceland.org/in/the-embassy/about-the-embassy/ |archive-date=28 September 2008 }}</ref> India appointed [[S. Swaminathan]] as the first resident ambassador to Iceland in March 2008.<ref name="Shri S. Swaminathan to be India's first resident Ambassador to Iceland">{{cite web |url=http://meaindia.nic.in/pressrelease/2008/09/03pr01.htm |title=Shri S. Swaminathan to be India's first resident Ambassador to Iceland |date=3 September 2008 |publisher=NIC India Ministry of External Affairs, New Delhi |access-date=28 September 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410162813/http://meaindia.nic.in/pressrelease/2008/09/03pr01.htm |archive-date=10 April 2009}}</ref>
* India has an embassy established in 2006 in [[Reykjavík]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianembassy.is/|title=Home – Embassy of India – Iceland|website=Embassy of India|access-date=14 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518100148/http://indianembassy.is/|archive-date=18 May 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Iceland has an embassy established in 2005 in [[New Delhi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iceland.is/iceland-abroad/in/|title=Embassy of Iceland in New Delhi|website=iceland.is|access-date=14 May 2015|archive-date=10 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150510220153/http://www.iceland.is/iceland-abroad/in|url-status=dead}}</ref>
[[File:Annie_Besant,_LoC.jpg|thumb|Annie Besant, one of the founders of the [[Banaras Hindu University]], was regarded as a champion of human [[freedom]], she was an ardent supporter of both Irish and Indian [[Self-governance|self-rule]] and the first woman president of the [[Indian National Congress]]]]
;Ireland
{{Main|India–Ireland relations}}

Indo-Irish relations picked up steam during their respective campaigns for independence from the British Empire. Political relations between the two states have largely been based on socio-cultural ties, although political and economic ties have also helped build relations. Indo-Irish relations were greatly strengthened by [[Pandit Nehru]], [[Éamon de Valera]], [[Rabindranath Tagore]], [[W. B. Yeats]], [[James Joyce]], and, above all, [[Annie Besant]]. Politically, relations have not been cold or warm. Mutual benefit has led to economic ties that are fruitful for both states.{{Citation needed|date=December 2008}} Visits by government leaders have kept relations cordial at regular intervals.
* India has an embassy in [[Dublin]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianembassy.ie/|title=Acasa – Indi|website=Indi|access-date=14 May 2015|archive-date=9 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150409132447/http://www.indianembassy.ie/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Ireland has an embassy in [[New Delhi]].<ref>[http://web.dfa.ie/home/index.aspx?id=52432 Embassy of Republic of Ireland in India] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140727184941/http://web.dfa.ie/home/index.aspx?id=52432 |date=27 July 2014 }}</ref>

;Italy
{{Main|India–Italy relations}}

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 March 1948<ref name="Lorenzo Angeloni, Maria Elettra Verrone 2018 xiii">{{Cite book |last=Lorenzo Angeloni, Maria Elettra Verrone |title=There's Something in the Air Life Stories from Italy and India |publisher=Juggernaut Books |year=2018 |page=xiii}}</ref>

India maintains an embassy in [[Rome]] and a consulate-general in [[Milan]]. Italy has an embassy in [[New Delhi]], and consulate-generals in [[Mumbai]] and [[Kolkata|Calcutta]].

Indo-Italian relations have historically been cordial. In recent times, their state has mirrored the political fortunes of [[Sonia Gandhi|Sonia Maino-Gandhi]], the Italian-born leader of the [[Indian National Congress]] and ''de facto'' leader of the [[United Progressive Alliance|UPA government]] of [[Manmohan Singh]].

Since 2012 the relationship has been affected by the ongoing [[Enrica Lexie case]]: two Indian fishermen were killed on the Indian fishing vessel ''St. Antony'' as a result of gunshot wounds following a confrontation with the Italian oil tanker ''Enrica Lexie'' in international waters, off the [[Kerala]] coast.

After a period of tension, in 2017 [[Prime Minister of Italy|Italian Prime Minister]] [[Paolo Gentiloni]] visited India and met his [[Prime Minister of India|Indian counterpart]] [[Narendra Modi]]; they held extensive talks to strengthen the political cooperation and to boost the bilateral trade.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/narendra-modi-holds-talks-with-italian-pm-paolo-gentiloni/articleshow/61337356.cms?from=mdr|title=Narendra Modi holds talks with Italian PM Paolo Gentiloni|date=30 October 2017|work=The Economic Times|access-date=16 March 2020|archive-date=23 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923133313/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/narendra-modi-holds-talks-with-italian-pm-paolo-gentiloni/articleshow/61337356.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}}</ref>[[File:Indian_sikh_soldiers_in_Italian_campaign.jpg|thumb|Indian Sikh soldiers in the [[Italian campaign (World War II)|Italian campaign]]]]There are around 150,000 people of [[Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin|Indian Origins]] living in Italy. Around 1,000 Italian citizens reside in India, mostly working on behalf of Italian industrial groups.

;Lithuania
{{main|India–Lithuania relations}}

;Luxembourg
{{Main|India–Luxembourg relations}}

Relations were established in 1947, following India's independence. Luxembourg operates an embassy in [[New Delhi]] whilst India operates a Consulate General in [[Luxembourg City]]. Bilateral Trade stood at US$37 Million in 2014 and trade continues to grow every year. Diplomats from both countries have visited the other several times. In 2019, Luxembourg plans to host the annual [[Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank]] and open an economic mission in India.
;Malta
{{main|India–Malta relations}}

Malta opened a [[High Commission of Malta, New Delhi]] in [[New Delhi]] in 2007. Malta also has an honorary consulate in Mumbai. India is represented in Malta by its high commission in [[Valletta]].

;Moldova
{{main|India–Moldova relations}}

The Indian embassy to Moldova is accredited by [[Bucharest]], Romania. Moldova maintains an honorary consulate in [[New Delhi]] and a consulate in [[Mumbai]].
Both countries have taken steps to deepen their ties, which are still maintained at a modest level. Both countries have been found supporting each other on many international platforms like the United Nations through reciprocal support mechanisms. India-Moldova bilateral trade has been rather modest.

;Monaco
{{main|India–Monaco relations}}
[[File:De handelsloge van de VOC in Hougly in Bengalen Rijksmuseum SK-A-4282.jpeg|thumb|Factory in [[Hugli-Chuchura]], Dutch Bengal. Hendrik van Schuylenburgh, 1665.]]
;Netherlands
{{Main|India–Netherlands relations}}

India–Netherlands relations refer to foreign relations between India and the [[Netherlands]]. India maintains an embassy in [[The Hague]], Netherlands and the Netherlands maintains an [[embassy]] in [[New Delhi]] and a [[consulate general]] in [[Mumbai]]. Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 April 1947.<ref name="Indian Information Volume 20">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0fCFzLGjiLMC&dq=Netherland+and+India+exchange+ambassadors&pg=PA406 |title=Indian Information Volume 20 |year=1947 |publisher=1947 |pages=406 |access-date=29 May 2023 |archive-date=29 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230929091510/https://books.google.com/books?id=0fCFzLGjiLMC&dq=Netherland+and+India+exchange+ambassadors&pg=PA406 |url-status=live }}</ref>

;Norway
{{Main|India–Norway relations}}

In 2012, [[Trond Giske]] met with Minister of Finance [[Pranab Mukherjee]], to save<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dagsavisen.no/samfunn/-har-gjort-det-vi-kan/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120421121412/http://www.dagsavisen.no/samfunn/-har-gjort-det-vi-kan/|url-status=dead|title=Redningsforsøk: Trond Giske mener forsøket på å redde Telenors investeringer i India er "den største saken" han noen gang har arbeidet med. |archive-date=21 April 2012}}</ref> [[Telenor]]'s investments to put forth Norway's "strong wish" that there must not be a waiting period between the confiscation of telecom licenses and the re-sale of those.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aftenposten.no/okonomi/Giske---India-kjenner-vare-argumenter-na-6802047.html|title=Giske: – India kjenner våre argumenter nå|work=Aftenposten |access-date=11 April 2012|archive-date=12 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120412193343/http://www.aftenposten.no/okonomi/Giske---India-kjenner-vare-argumenter-na-6802047.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The leader of [[Telenor]] attended the meeting.

;North Macedonia
{{main|India–North Macedonia relations}}

Mother Teresa, honoured in the Catholic Church as Saint Teresa of Calcutta became an Indian citizen in 1951, and was born in Skopje (in present-day North Macedonia) in 1910. India has an embassy in Sofia, Bulgaria jointly accredited to the Republic of Macedonia. Both Macedonia has an embassy in [[New Delhi]] and an honorary consulate in [[Kolkata]], [[Mumbai]], [[Chennai]] and [[Bangalore]].
;Poland
{{main|India–Poland relations}}

Historically, relations have generally been close and friendly, characterised by understanding and cooperation on the international front.<ref name="Indo-Polish relations">{{cite web |url=http://www.indianembassy.pl/iprelation.html |title=Indo-Polish relations |publisher=Embassy of India in Poland. |access-date=10 October 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031031155652/http://www.indianembassy.pl/iprelation.html |archive-date=31 October 2003 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* India has an embassy in [[Warsaw]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indembwarsaw.in/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150903232122/http://www.indembwarsaw.in/index.php/en/|url-status=dead|title=Indian Embassy: Discover Home and Help in Warsaw, Poland|archive-date=3 September 2015|website=indembwarsaw.in}}</ref>
* Poland has an embassy in [[New Delhi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newdelhi.mfa.gov.pl/en/|title=Embassy of the Republic of Poland in New Delhi|website=newdelhi.mfa.gov.pl|access-date=14 May 2015|archive-date=18 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518080849/http://www.newdelhi.mfa.gov.pl/en/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
[[File:The Prime Minister, Dr. Manmohan Singh meeting the President of the Russian Federation, Mr. Vladimir Putin, in New Delhi on December 24, 2012 (1).jpg|thumb|The [[Prime Minister of India]], [[Manmohan Singh]] meeting the [[President of the Russian Federation]], [[Vladimir Putin|Mr. Vladimir Putin]], in [[New Delhi]] on 24 December 2012.]]
;Portugal
{{Main|India–Portugal relations}}

India and Portugal have a long history of relations ever since the [[Portuguese India|Portuguese colonisation]] in [[British Raj]].
;Russia
{{Main|India–Russia relations}}
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 April 1947<ref name="Indian Information Volume 20"/>

India's ties with the Russian Federation are time-tested and based on continuity, trust and mutual understanding. There is a national consensus in both countries on the need to preserve and strengthen India-Russia relations and further consolidate the strategic partnership between the two countries. A Declaration on Strategic Partnership was signed between present Russian President [[Vladimir Putin]] and former Indian Prime Minister [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] in October 2000 the partnership is also referred to asa '''"special and privileged strategic partnership"'''.

Russia and India have decided not to renew the 1971 Indo-Soviet Peace and Friendship Treaty and have sought to follow what both describe as a more pragmatic, less ideological relationship. Russian President Yeltsin's visit to India in January 1993 helped cement this new relationship. Ties have grown stronger with President Vladimir Putin's 2004 visit. The pace of high-level visits has since increased, as discussed in major defence purchases. Russia is working on the development of the [[Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant]], which will be capable of producing 1000 MW of electricity. [[Gazprom]] is working for the development of oil and natural gas, in the [[Bay of Bengal]]. India and Russia, have collaborated extensively, on space technology. Other areas of collaboration include software, [[Ayurveda]], etc. India and Russia, have set a determination in increasing trade to $10 billion. Cooperation between clothing manufacturers of the two countries continues to strengthen. India and Russia signed an agreement on joint efforts to increase investment and trade volumes in the textile industry in both countries. In signing the document included representatives of the Russian Union of Entrepreneurs of Textile and Light Industry Council and apparel exports of India (AEPC). A cooperation agreement provides, inter alia, the exchange of technology and know-how in textile production. For this purpose, a special Commission on Affairs Textile (Textile Communication Committee). Counter-terrorism techniques are also in place between Russia and India. In 2007 President Vladimir Putin was the guest of honour at the [[Republic Day (India)|Republic Day]] celebration on 26 January 2007. 2008, has been declared by both countries as the Russia-India Friendship Year. Bollywood films are quite popular in Russia. The Indian public sector oil company [[Oil and Natural Gas Corporation|ONGC]] bought [[Imperial Energy Corporation]] in 2008. In December 2008, during President Medvedev's visit, to New Delhi, India and Russia, signed a nuclear energy cooperation agreement. In March 2010, Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin signed an additional 19 pacts with India which included civilian nuclear energy, space and military cooperation and the final sale of Admiral Gorshkov (Aircraft Carrier) along with MiG-29K fighter jets.[[File:Indo-Russian Talk December, 2021.jpg|thumb|Indian PM [[Narendra Modi]] with Russian President Vladimir Putin. India and Russia enjoy strong strategic and military relations.<br /> {{small|(New Delhi, 2021)}}]]

During the [[annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation]], India refused to support American sanctions against Russia and one of India's national security advisers [[Shivshankar Menon]] was reported to have said "There are legitimate Russian and other interests involved and we hope they are discussed and resolved."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Russian-interests-in-Crimea-legitimate-India/articleshow/31557852.cms |title=Russian interests in Crimea 'legitimate': India |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=7 March 2014 |access-date=16 August 2020 |archive-date=20 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200720020104/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Russian-interests-in-Crimea-legitimate-India/articleshow/31557852.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 7 August 2014, India and Russia held a joint counter-terrorism exercise near the Moscow boundary with China and Mongolia. It involved the use of tanks and armoured vehicles.<ref name="ndtv.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/armies-of-india-russia-to-hold-joint-counter-terror-exercise-250598 |title=Armies of India, Russia to hold joint counter-terror exercise |work=NDTV.com |access-date=21 February 2015 |archive-date=28 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328012948/http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/armies-of-india-russia-to-hold-joint-counter-terror-exercise-250598 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

India and Russia have so far conducted three rounds of INDRA exercises. The first exercise was carried out in 2005 in Rajasthan, followed by Prshkov in Russia. The third exercise was conducted at Chaubattia in Kumaon Hills in October 2010.<ref name="ndtv.com"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/india-russia-joint-army-exercise-underway-61987 |title=India-Russia joint Army exercise underway |work=NDTV.com |access-date=21 February 2015 |archive-date=28 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328023558/http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/india-russia-joint-army-exercise-underway-61987 |url-status=live }}</ref>

;Romania
{{main|India–Romania relations}}

India has an embassy in [[Bucharest]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.embassyofindia.ro/|title= Indian embassy in Bucharest |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090720011954/http://www.embassyofindia.ro/ |date=20 July 2009|archive-date=20 July 2009|access-date= 12 November 2011}}</ref> and an honorary consulate in [[Timișoara]]. Romania has an embassy in New Delhi and an honorary consulate in [[Kolkata]].<ref>[http://newdelhi.mae.ro/index.php?lang=en Romanian embassy in New Delhi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081004092844/http://newdelhi.mae.ro/index.php?lang=en |date=4 October 2008 }}. Newdelhi.mae.ro. Retrieved 12 November 2011.</ref>
;Serbia
{{main|India–Serbia relations}}

* India has an embassy in [[Belgrade]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.embassyofindiabelgrade.org/|title= Indian embassy in Belgrade|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410030741/http://www.embassyofindiabelgrade.org/ |date=10 April 2009 |archive-date=10 April 2009|access-date= 12 November 2011}}</ref>
* Serbia has an embassy in New Delhi and an honorary consulate in [[Chennai]].<ref>[http://www.embassyofserbiadelhi.net.in/ Serbian embassy in New Delhi] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090828111812/http://www.embassyofserbiadelhi.net.in/ |date=28 August 2009 }}. Embassyofserbiadelhi.net.in. Retrieved 12 November 2011.</ref>
* The relations are seen as one of the closest for both nations.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.rs/Policy/Bilaterala/India/index_e.html|title= Serbian Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110623145837/http://mfa.gov.rs/Policy/Bilaterala/India/index_e.html|archive-date=23 June 2011 |date=23 June 2011 }}</ref>

;Slovakia
{{main|India–Slovakia relations}}

India has an embassy in [[Bratislava]] and Slovakia has an embassy in [[New Delhi]].

;Slovenia
{{main|India–Slovenia relations}}

* India has an embassy in [[Ljubljana]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080519160858/http://www.indianembassy.si/ Embassy of India in Ljubljana]. Indianembassy.si. Retrieved 12 November 2011.</ref>
* Slovenia has an embassy in [[New Delhi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://newdelhi.embassy.si/index.php?id=37&L=1|title=Embassy of the Republic of Slovenija New Delhi|website=newdelhi.embassy.si|date=6 February 2024|access-date=14 May 2015|archive-date=18 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518093546/http://newdelhi.embassy.si/index.php?id=37&L=1|url-status=live}}</ref>

;Spain
{{Main|India–Spain relations}}

Diplomatic ties with Spain started in 1956.<ref>[http://www.embassyindia.es/IndianEmbassy/IndianEmbassy/IndexBase/index2.php?lang=eng&key=relationindiaspain Embajada de la India en España – Embassy of India in Spain] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110903221716/http://www.embassyindia.es/IndianEmbassy/IndianEmbassy/IndexBase/index2.php?lang=eng&key=relationindiaspain |date=3 September 2011 }}. Embassyindia.es. Retrieved 12 November 2011.</ref> The first Spanish embassy was established in Delhi in 1958. India and Spain have had a cordial relationship with each other, especially after the establishment of democracy in Spain in 1978. Spain has been a main tourist spot for Indians over the years. Many presidents including [[Pratibha Patil|Prathibha Patil]] visited Spain. The royal family of Spain has always liked the humble nature of the Indian government and they have thus paid several visits to India. There was no direct flight from India to Spain but it all changed in 1986 when Iberian travels started to fly directly from Mumbai to Madrid. However, it was stopped in 22 months. In 2006 this issue of the direct flight was reconsidered to improve the ties between India and Spain. "[[Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara]]" was shot completely in Spain in 2011. The tourism ministry of Spain is using this movie to promote tourism to Spain in India.

;Sweden
{{Main|India–Sweden relations}}

*[[File:ConsulatInde-Rue du Valais.jpg|thumb|Consulate-General of India in Geneva]]India has an embassy in [[Stockholm]], which is also accredited to [[Latvia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indianembassy.se/index.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080309012532/http://www.indianembassy.se/index.php|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 March 2008|title=Embassy of India, Sweden & Latvia|website=indianembassy.se}}</ref>
*Sweden has an embassy in New Delhi, which is also accredited to Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan and the Maldives. It has three honorary consulates in Chennai, Kolkata and Mumbai.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.swedenabroad.com/en-GB/Embassies/New-Delhi/About-us/The-Embassy/|title=Swedish Embassy in New Delhi|access-date=6 June 2016|archive-date=19 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180219204426/http://www.swedenabroad.com/en-GB/Embassies/New-Delhi/About-us/The-Embassy/|url-status=live}}</ref>
;Switzerland
{{main|India–Switzerland relations}}

* Switzerland has an embassy in New Delhi and a consulate in [[Bangalore]] and [[Mumbai]].<ref>[http://www.eda.admin.ch/eda/en/home/reps/asia/vind/embnd.html Embassy New Delhi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005032535/http://www.eda.admin.ch/eda/en/home/reps/asia/vind/embnd.html |date=5 October 2011 }}. Eda.admin.ch. Retrieved 12 November 2011.</ref>
* India has an embassy in [[Bern]] and consulates in [[Geneva]] and [[Zürich]].<ref>[http://www.eda.admin.ch/eda/en/home/reps/asia/vind/achind.html Representations in Switzerland] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110903040531/http://www.eda.admin.ch/eda/en/home/reps/asia/vind/achind.html |date=3 September 2011 }}. Eda.admin.ch (14 October 2011). Retrieved 12 November 2011.</ref>
India is one of Switzerland's most important partners in Asia. Bilateral and political contacts are constantly developing, and trade and scientific cooperation between the two countries are flourishing.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dfae.ch/eda/en/home/recent/media/single.html?id=41355|title=Error|website=dfae.ch|access-date=3 October 2011|archive-date=28 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120328011252/http://www.dfae.ch/eda/en/home/recent/media/single.html?id=41355|url-status=live}}</ref> Switzerland was the first country in the World to sign a Friendship treaty with India in 1947.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tsr.ch/info/suisse/3433893-la-presidente-indienne-pratibha-devisingh-patil-sera-en-suisse-lundi-et-mardi-pour-une-visite-d-etat.html |title=La présidente indienne Pratibha Devisingh Patil sera en Suisse lundi et mardi pour une visite d'Etat |work=rts.ch |access-date=21 February 2015 |archive-date=6 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120206093511/http://www.tsr.ch/info/suisse/3433893-la-presidente-indienne-pratibha-devisingh-patil-sera-en-suisse-lundi-et-mardi-pour-une-visite-d-etat.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

;Ukraine
{{Main|India–Ukraine relations}}

Diplomatic relations between India and Ukraine were established in January 1992. The Indian Embassy in [[Kyiv]] was opened in May 1992 and Ukraine opened its mission in New Delhi in February 1993. The Consulate General of India in [[Odesa]] functioned from 1962 until its closure in March 1999.
* India has an embassy in [[Kyiv]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://embassyofindiaukraine.in/index.php|title=Embassy of India, Kyiv, Ukraine|website=embassyofindiaukraine.in|access-date=14 May 2015|archive-date=18 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518081041/http://embassyofindiaukraine.in/index.php|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Ukraine has an embassy in [[New Delhi]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://india.mfa.gov.ua/en/index/city/id/139|title=Embassy of Ukraine in India|access-date=14 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518072802/http://india.mfa.gov.ua/en/index/city/id/139|archive-date=18 May 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> and an honorary consulate in [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://india.mfa.gov.ua/en/index/city/id/139|title=Ukrainian Consulate in India|access-date=14 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518072802/http://india.mfa.gov.ua/en/index/city/id/139|archive-date=18 May 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

;United Kingdom
{{Main|India–United Kingdom relations}}
[[File:PM Modi addressing the UK parliament.jpg|thumb|[[Narendra Modi]] addressing the [[British Parliament]] {{small|(2015)}}]]
UK& India has a high commission in London and two consulates-general in [[Birmingham]] and [[Edinburgh]].<ref>[http://hcilondon.in/contactus.php High Commission of India in the UK] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115052916/http://hcilondon.in/contactus.php |date=15 January 2013 }}</ref> The United Kingdom has a high commission in New Delhi and five deputy high commissions in [[Mumbai]], [[Chennai]], [[Bangalore]], [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]] and [[Kolkata]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ukinindia.fco.gov.uk/en/about-us/other-locations/ |title=British High Commission New Delhi – GOV.UK |access-date=21 February 2015 |archive-date=16 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130316085055/http://ukinindia.fco.gov.uk/en/about-us/other-locations |url-status=dead }}</ref> Since 1947, India's relations with the United Kingdom have been bilateral, as well as through the [[Commonwealth of Nations]] framework. Although the Sterling Area no longer exists and the Commonwealth is much more an informal forum, India and the UK still have many enduring links. This is in part due to the significant number of people of [[Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin|Indian origin]] living in the UK. The large South Asian population in the UK results in steady travel and communication between the two countries. The [[British Raj]] allowed for both cultures to imbibe tremendously from the other. The English language and cricket are perhaps the two most evident British exports, whilst in the UK food from the Indian subcontinent is very popular.<ref name="Curry">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/insideout/northwest/series1/curry.shtml |title=THE NATION'S FAVOURITE DISH |publisher=BBC |date=4 November 2002 |access-date=21 November 2009 |archive-date=18 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200118023359/http://www.bbc.co.uk/insideout/northwest/series1/curry.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref> The United Kingdom's favourite food is often reported to be [[Indian cuisine]], although no official study reports this.<ref name="Curry"/>

Economically the relationship between Britain and India is also strong. India is the second largest investor in Britain after the US.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.itwire.com.au/content/view/6717/945/ |title=India becomes second largest investor in Britain |publisher=ITWire |date=30 October 2006 |first=Sufia |last=Tippu |access-date=21 November 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017132253/http://itwire.com.au/content/view/6717/945/ |archive-date=17 October 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/6599693.stm |title=Indian investment in London jumps |publisher=BBC |date=27 April 2007 |access-date=21 November 2009 |archive-date=10 October 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071010013035/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/6599693.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> Britain is also one of the largest investors in India.<ref>{{cite news |last=Ramesh |first=Randeep |date=19 November 2008 |title=British minister defends £825m aid to help India's poor |work=[[The Guardian]] |location=London |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/nov/19/britain-aid-to-india-825m |access-date=21 November 2009}}</ref>

;Vatican City & the Holy See
{{main|Holy See–India relations}}

Formal bilateral relations between India and Vatican City have existed since 12 June 1948. An Apostolic Delegation existed in India from 1881. The Holy See has a [[Apostolic Nunciature to India|nunciature in New Delhi]] whilst India has accredited its embassy in [[Bern]], Switzerland to the Holy See as well. India's Ambassador in Bern has traditionally been accredited to the Holy See.

The connections between the [[Catholic Church]] and India can be traced back to the apostle [[Thomas the Apostle|St. Thomas]], who, according to tradition, came to India in 52 CE in the 9th century, the patriarch of the Nestorians in [[Persia]] sent bishops to India. There is a record of an Indian bishop visiting [[Rome]] in the early part of the 12th century.

The [[diplomatic mission]] was established as the [[Apostolic Delegation]] to the East Indies in 1881, and included [[Ceylon]], and was extended to [[Malacca|Malaca]] in 1889, then to Burma in 1920, and eventually included [[Goa]] in 1923. It was raised to an Internunciature by Pope [[Pius XII]] on 12 June 1948 and to a full Apostolic Nunciature by [[Pope Paul VI]] on 22 August 1967.

There have been three Papal visits to India. The first Pope to visit India was [[Pope Paul VI]], who visited [[Mumbai]] in 1964 to attend the [[Eucharistic Congress]]. Pope [[John Paul II]] visited India in February 1986 and November 1999. Several Indian dignitaries have, from time to time, called on the Pope in the [[Vatican City|Vatican]]. These include Prime Minister [[Indira Gandhi]] in 1981 and Prime Minister [[I. K. Gujral]] in September 1987. [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]], Prime Minister, called on the Pope in June
2000 during his official visit to Italy. Vice-President [[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]] represented the country at the funeral of Pope John Paul II.

;European Union
{{Main|India–European Union relations}}

[[File:Prime Minister Narendra Modi with the President European Council Donald Tusk, and the President European Commission Jean-Claude Juncker, at the EU-INDIA Summit.jpg|thumb|Indian PM [[Narendra Modi]] with the president of the [[European Council]] [[Donald Tusk]], and the president of the [[European Commission]] [[Jean-Claude Juncker]], at the EU-India Summit, [[Brussels]], 2016]]

India was one of the first countries to develop relations with the European Union. The Joint Political Statement of 1993 and the 1994 Cooperation Agreement were the foundational agreements for the bilateral partnership. In 2004, India and European Union became "Strategic Partners". A Joint Action Plan was agreed upon in 2005 and updated in 2008. India-EU Joint Statements were published in 2009 and 2012 following the India-European Union Summits.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eeas.europa.eu/india/index_en.htm|title=EEAS – European External Action Service – European Commission|website=EEAS – European External Action Service|access-date=4 March 2015|archive-date=23 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923064423/http://eeas.europa.eu/india/index_en.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

India and the European Commission initiated negotiations on a ''Broad-based Trade and Investment Agreement'' (BTIA) in 2007. Seven rounds of negotiations have been completed without reaching a Free Trade Agreement.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indembassy.be/pages.php?id=59|title=India-EU Trade Economic and Technological cooperation|publisher=Indian Mission to EU|access-date=4 March 2015|archive-date=22 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150222103812/http://www.indembassy.be/pages.php?id=59|url-status=dead}}</ref>

According to the Government of India, trade between India and the EU was $57.25 billion between April and October 2014 and stood at $101.5 billion for the fiscal period of 2014–2015.<ref>{{cite news |title=EU ups FTA ante with eye on India's vibrant business climate |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/46577442.cms |agency=ET Bureau |newspaper=The Economic Times |date=16 March 2015 |access-date=22 June 2015 |archive-date=11 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911194859/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/46577442.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

The European Union is India's second largest trade bloc, accounting for around 20% of Indian trade ([[Gulf Cooperation Council]] is the largest trade bloc with almost $160 billion in total trade<ref>{{cite news |title=Gulf Arab nations seek India to rein in Iran |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/middle-east/Gulf-Arab-nations-seek-India-to-rein-in-Iran/articleshow/15792288.cms?referral=PM |agency=TNN |newspaper=The Times of India |date=27 August 2012 |access-date=22 June 2015 |archive-date=15 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015234710/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/middle-east/Gulf-Arab-nations-seek-India-to-rein-in-Iran/articleshow/15792288.cms?referral=PM |url-status=live }}</ref>). India was the European Union's [[List of the largest trading partners of the European Union|8th largest trading partner]] in 2010. EU-India trade grew from €28.6 billion in 2003 to €72.7 billion in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ec.europa.eu/trade/policy/countries-and-regions/countries/india/|title=India – Trade|publisher=European Commission|access-date=22 June 2015|archive-date=11 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210611203446/https://ec.europa.eu/trade/policy/countries-and-regions/countries/india/|url-status=live}}</ref>

France, Germany and UK collectively represent the major part of EU-India trade.<ref name="EU and BRIC">{{cite news |title=A range of statistics to compare the EU with Brazil, Russia, India and China |url=http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=STAT/12/80&format=PDF&aged=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=en |access-date=25 June 2012 |newspaper=EUROPA |year=2010 |archive-date=5 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605155622/https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/STAT_12_80 |url-status=live }}</ref> Annual trade in commercial services tripled from €5.2billion in 2002 to €17.9 billion in 2010.<ref name="India-EU Bilateral Trade">{{cite web |url=http://www.ficci-ineupf.com/trade.html |title=India-EU Bilateral Trade Relations |publisher=ficci-ineupf.com |date=1 January 2013 |access-date=25 February 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141014015842/http://ficci-ineupf.com/trade.html |archive-date=14 October 2014 }}</ref> 
Denmark, Sweden, Finland and the Netherlands are the other more prominent European Union countries that trade with India.<ref>{{cite news |title=EU: Relations with other Asian partners |url=http://www.ecfr.eu/scorecard/2015/china/46 |publisher=European Council for Foreign Relations |date=18 March 2015 |access-date=22 June 2015 |archive-date=26 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626162841/http://www.ecfr.eu/scorecard/2015/china/46 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>[http://ec.europa.eu/trade/issues/bilateral/countries/india/index_en.htm Bilateral trade relations with India] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080629023816/http://ec.europa.eu/trade/issues/bilateral/countries/india/index_en.htm |date=29 June 2008 }} European Commission</ref>