Editing Environmental movement (section)

==== United States ====
{{Main|Environmental movement in the United States}}
[[File:Walden Thoreau.jpg|thumb|upright|Original title page of ''[[Walden]]'' by [[Henry David Thoreau]]]]

The movement in the [[United States]] began in the late 19th century, out of concerns for protecting the natural resources of the West, with individuals such as [[John Muir]] and [[Henry David Thoreau]] making key philosophical contributions. Thoreau was interested in peoples' relationship with nature and studied this by living close to nature in a simple life. He published his experiences in the 1854 book ''[[Walden]]'', which argues that people should become intimately close with nature. Muir came to believe in nature's inherent right, especially after spending time hiking in [[Yosemite Valley]] and studying both the ecology and geology. He successfully lobbied congress to form [[Yosemite National Park]] and went on to set up the [[Sierra Club]] in 1892.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wulf |first=Andrea |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yPXYCwAAQBAJ&dq=He+published+his+experiences+in+the+book+Walden%2C+which+argues+that+people+should+become+intimately+close+with+nature.+Muir+came+to+believe+in+nature%27s+inherent+right%2C+especially+after+spending+time+hiking+in+Yosemite+Valley+and+studying+both+the+ecology+an&pg=PR11 |title=The Invention of Nature: Alexander Von Humboldt's New World |date=2015 |publisher=Alfred A. Knopf |isbn=978-0-385-35066-2 |language=en |access-date=26 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408163014/https://books.google.com/books?id=yPXYCwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PR11&dq=He+published+his+experiences+in+the+book+Walden%2C+which+argues+that+people+should+become+intimately+close+with+nature.+Muir+came+to+believe+in+nature%27s+inherent+right%2C+especially+after+spending+time+hiking+in+Yosemite+Valley+and+studying+both+the+ecology+an&hl=en#v=onepage&q&f=false |archive-date=8 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> The conservationist principles as well as the belief in an inherent right of nature became the bedrock of modern environmentalism.

Beginning in the conservation movement at the beginning of the 20th century, the contemporary environmental movement's roots can be traced back to [[Rachel Carson]]'s 1962 book ''[[Silent Spring]]'', [[Murray Bookchin]]'s 1962 book ''Our Synthetic Environment'', and [[Paul R. Ehrlich]]'s 1968 ''[[The Population Bomb]]''. American environmentalists have campaigned against [[nuclear weapon]]s and [[nuclear power]] in the 1960s and 1970s, [[acid rain]] in the 1980s, [[ozone depletion]] and [[deforestation]] in the 1990s, and most recently [[climate change]] and [[global warming]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=McIntyre |first=Iain |date=8 July 2024 |title=Environmental blockading timeline, 1974-1997 |url=https://commonslibrary.org/wp-content/uploads/ENVIRONMENTAL-BLOCKADING-TIMELINE-1974-1997-2.pdf |access-date=8 July 2024 |website=Commons Social Change Library}}</ref>

The United States passed many pieces of environmental legislation in the 1970s, such as the [[Clean Water Act]],<ref>{{Cite journal |last=HALL |first=RIDGWAY M. |date=1978 |title=The Clean Water Act of 1977 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40912265 |journal=Natural Resources Lawyer |volume=11 |issue=2 |pages=343–372 |jstor=40912265 |issn=0028-0747 |access-date=8 April 2023 |archive-date=6 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306020258/https://www.jstor.org/stable/40912265 |url-status=live }}</ref> the [[Clean Air Act (United States)|Clean Air Act]], the [[Endangered Species Act]], and the [[National Environmental Policy Act]]. These remain as the foundations for current environmental standards.

In the 1990s, the [[Anti-environmentalism|anti-environmental]] 'Wise Use' movement emerged in the United States.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Helvarg |first=David |date=2007-12-04 |title=The war on the greens |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10402659508425907 |journal=Peace Review |language=en |volume=7 |issue=3–4 |pages=393–397 |doi=10.1080/10402659508425907 |issn=1040-2659}}</ref>