Editing Demographics of Russia (section)

==Ethnic groups==
{{Main|Ethnic groups in Russia}}
{{multiple image
| perrow            = 2
| total_width       = 360
| caption_align     = center
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| title             = Ethnic groups in Russia
| image1            = Ethnic groups in Russia of more than 1 million people 2010 Census English.png
| caption1          = {{font|size=100%|text=Ethnic groups in Russia of more than 1 million people in 2010}}
| image2            = Percentage of Russians by Federal Subjects (2021 Census).png
| caption2          = {{font|size=100%|text=Percentage of ethnic Russians by region in 2021 (excluding non-stated ethnicity people)}}
}}
Russia is a [[multinational state]], with many subnational entities associated with different minorities.<ref name="multinational">{{cite web |last=Curtis |first=Glenn E. |url=http://countrystudies.us/russia/32.htm |title=Russia – Ethnic Composition |year=1998 |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=Federal Research Division of the [[Library of Congress]] |access-date=27 January 2022 |archive-date=27 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060927170852/http://countrystudies.us/russia/32.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> There are over [[Ethnic groups in Russia|193 ethnic groups nationwide]]. In the 2021 census, nearly 71.73% of the population identified as ethnic [[Russians]] (among those stating their ethnicity), and while approximately 19% of the total population identified with various ethnic minority groups.<ref>{{cite web |title=Национальный состав населения |url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Tom5_tab1_VPN-2020.xlsx |accessdate=30 December 2022 |publisher=[[Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)|Federal State Statistics Service]] |language=ru |archive-date=30 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230204643/https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Tom5_tab1_VPN-2020.xlsx |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>* {{Cite news |date=4 March 2023 |title=Russia's population nightmare is going to get even worse |url=https://www.economist.com/europe/2023/03/04/russias-population-nightmare-is-going-to-get-even-worse |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410004023/https://www.economist.com/europe/2023/03/04/russias-population-nightmare-is-going-to-get-even-worse |archive-date=10 April 2023 |newspaper=The Economist |quote=The decline was largest among ethnic Russians, whose number, the census of 2021 said, fell by 5.4m in 2010–21. Their share of the population fell from 78% to 72%. }}
* {{Cite news |date=10 January 2023 |title=5 Million Fewer Than in 2010, Ethnic Russians Make Up Only 72 Percent of Russia's Population |url=https://jamestown.org/program/5-million-fewer-than-in-2010-ethnic-russians-make-up-only-72-percent-of-russias-population/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230225214004/https://jamestown.org/program/5-million-fewer-than-in-2010-ethnic-russians-make-up-only-72-percent-of-russias-population/ |archive-date=25 February 2023 |work=Eurasia Daily Monitor |publisher=The Jamestown Foundation |volume=20 |issue=6 |quote=And, in turn, this decline means that the share of that country’s population identifying as ethnic Russian fell from 77.71 percent in the 2010 census to 71.73 percent in the current one.. }}
* {{Cite news |last=Sidorov |first=Harun |date=7 January 2023 |title="Русский мир" Путина и "кот Шредингера" |trans-title=Putin's "Russian World" and "Schrödinger's cat" |url=https://www.idelreal.org/a/32211336.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230107213809/https://www.idelreal.org/a/32211336.html |archive-date=7 January 2023 |work=idelreal.org |language=ru }}
* {{cite web |title=Национальный состав населения |url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Tom5_tab1_VPN-2020.xlsx |accessdate=30 December 2022 |publisher=[[Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)|Federal State Statistics Service]] |language=ru |archive-date=30 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230204643/https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Tom5_tab1_VPN-2020.xlsx |url-status=live }}</ref> The percentage of total Russian population that did not publicly indicate any ethnic identity in the census increased from 3.94% in 2010 to 11.27% in 2021.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sidorov |first=Harun |date=7 January 2023 |title="Русский мир" Путина и "кот Шредингера" |trans-title=Putin's "Russian World" and "Schrödinger's cat" |url=https://www.idelreal.org/a/32211336.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230107213809/https://www.idelreal.org/a/32211336.html |archive-date=7 January 2023 |work=idelreal.org |language=ru |quote="...одним из главных победителей прошедшей переписи стала группа, увеличившая свою численность с 5 629 429 человек в 2010 году до 10 965 330 человек в 2021 году и соответственно долю в населении с 3,94% до 11,27%. Эта группа — лица, не указавшие свою национальность." |trans-quote='...one of the main winners of the last census was a group that increased its number from 5,629,429 people in 2010 to 10,965,330 people in 2021 and, accordingly, its share in the population from 3.94% to 11.27%. This group consists of people who have not indicated their nationality.'}}</ref> 

According to the [[2021 Russian census]], the number of ethnic Russians decreased by nearly 5.43 million, from roughly 111 million people in 2010 to approximately 105.5 million in 2021.<ref>
* {{Cite news |last=Sidorov |first=Harun |date=7 January 2023 |title="Русский мир" Путина и "кот Шредингера" |trans-title=Putin's "Russian World" and "Schrödinger's cat" |url=https://www.idelreal.org/a/32211336.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230107213809/https://www.idelreal.org/a/32211336.html |archive-date=7 January 2023 |work=idelreal.org |language=ru}}
* {{Cite news |date=10 January 2023 |title=5 Million Fewer Than in 2010, Ethnic Russians Make Up Only 72 Percent of Russia's Population |url=https://jamestown.org/program/5-million-fewer-than-in-2010-ethnic-russians-make-up-only-72-percent-of-russias-population/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230225214004/https://jamestown.org/program/5-million-fewer-than-in-2010-ethnic-russians-make-up-only-72-percent-of-russias-population/ |archive-date=25 February 2023 |work=Eurasia Daily Monitor |publisher=The Jamestown Foundation |volume=20 |issue=6}}
* {{Cite news |date=4 March 2023 |title=Russia's population nightmare is going to get even worse |url=https://www.economist.com/europe/2023/03/04/russias-population-nightmare-is-going-to-get-even-worse |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410004023/https://www.economist.com/europe/2023/03/04/russias-population-nightmare-is-going-to-get-even-worse |archive-date=10 April 2023 |newspaper=The Economist |quote=The decline was largest among ethnic Russians, whose number, the census of 2021 said, fell by 5.4m in 2010–21. Their share of the population fell from 78% to 72%.}}
</ref> In 2010, four-fifths of Russia's population originated from West of the [[Ural Mountains]] — of which the vast majority were [[Slavs]],<ref name="Slavs">{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Russia/Mixed-and-deciduous-forest#ref38597 |title=Russia – The Indo-European Group |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopedia Britannica]] |quote="East Slavs—mainly Russians but including some Ukrainians and Belarusians—constitute more than four-fifths of the total population and are prevalent throughout the country." |access-date=18 July 2021 |archive-date=12 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112023228/https://www.britannica.com/place/Russia/Mixed-and-deciduous-forest#ref38597 |url-status=live }}</ref> with a substantial minority of [[Finno-Ugric peoples|Finno-Ugric]] and [[Germanic peoples]].<ref name="Finnic">{{cite journal |last1=Kowalev |first1=Viktor |last2=Neznaika |first2=Pavel |title=Power and Ethnicity in the Finno-Ugric Republics of the Russian Federation: The Examples of Komi, Mordovia, and Udmurtia |jstor=41103741 |volume=30 |number=3 |pages=81–100 |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |year=2000 |journal=[[International Journal of Political Economy]]|doi=10.1080/08911916.2000.11644017 |s2cid=152467776 }}</ref><ref name="Germanic">{{cite journal |last=Bartlett |first=Roger |title=The Russian Germans and Their Neighbours |journal=[[The Slavonic and East European Review]] |volume=73 |number=3 |pages=499–504 |publisher=[[Modern Humanities Research Association]] |date=July 1995 |jstor=4211864}}</ref> [[Turkic peoples]] form a large minority, and are spread around pockets across the vast nation.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Hostler|first=Charles W.|title=The Turks and Soviet Central Asia|volume=12|number=3|journal=[[The Middle East Journal]]|year=1958|pages=261–269|publisher=[[Middle East Institute]]|jstor=4323021}}</ref> Various distinct ethnic groups [[Peoples of the Caucasus|also inhabit the North Caucasus]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sagramoso|first=Domitilla|title=Violence and Conflict in the Russian North Caucasus|volume=83|number=4|pages=681–705|journal=[[International Affairs (journal)|International Affairs]]|year=2007 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|doi=10.1111/j.1468-2346.2007.00647.x |jstor=4541805|s2cid=153552543 }}</ref> Other minorities include [[Mongols|Mongolian peoples]] ([[Buryats]] and [[Kalmyks]]),<ref>{{cite journal|last=Zhukovskaya|first=Natalya L.|title=Religion and ethnicity in eastern Russia, republic of Buryatia: A panorama of the 1990s|date=13 September 2007|volume=14|number=1|journal=[[Central Asian Survey]]|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]|pages=25–42|doi=10.1080/02634939508400890}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/the-only-buddhist-region-in-europe/a-57572543|title=The only Buddhist region in Europe|work=[[DW News]]|publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]]|last=Szilagyi|first=Patricia|date=26 May 2021|access-date=11 August 2022|archive-date=11 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220811230733/https://www.dw.com/en/the-only-buddhist-region-in-europe/a-57572543|url-status=live}}</ref> the [[Indigenous peoples of Siberia]],<ref>{{cite journal|last=Vinokurova|first=Uliana|title=Indigenous Peoples of Siberia and the Challenges of the Twenty-First Century|volume=17|number=3|journal=Sibirica|publisher=[[Berghahn Books]]|date=December 2018|doi=10.3167/sib.2018.170302|pages=3–15|s2cid=149567661 }}</ref> a [[History of the Jews in Russia|historical Jewish population]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.politico.eu/article/vladimir-putin-ukraine-war-forces-russia-jews-adapt-new-life-home-abroad/|title=Russia's Jews fear resurgent anti-Semitism amid Ukraine war|work=[[Politico]]|date=4 July 2022|last=Jack|first=Victor|access-date=11 August 2022|archive-date=11 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220811174305/https://www.politico.eu/article/vladimir-putin-ukraine-war-forces-russia-jews-adapt-new-life-home-abroad/|url-status=live}}</ref> and the [[Koryo-saram]] (including [[Sakhalin Koreans]]).<ref>{{cite journal|last=Park|first=Hyun-gwi|title=The Migration Regime among Koreans in the Russian Far East|volume=15|number=1|pages=77–99|year=2013|publisher=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]]|journal=Inner Asia|doi=10.1163/22105018-90000056 |jstor=23615082}}</ref>

According to the United Nations, Russia's [[Immigration to Russia|immigrant population]] is the [[List of sovereign states and dependent territories by immigrant population|third-largest in the world]], numbering over 11.6 million in 2016;<ref name="immigrants">{{cite news |last=Kirk |first=Ashley |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/12111108/Mapped-Which-country-has-the-most-immigrants.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/12111108/Mapped-Which-country-has-the-most-immigrants.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Mapped: Which country has the most immigrants? |date=21 January 2016 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=30 June 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref> most of which are from [[post-Soviet states]], mainly from Central Asia.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2017-03-14/russia-s-alternative-universe-immigrants-welcome |title=Russia Wants Immigrants the World Doesn't |publisher=[[Bloomberg L.P.]] |first=Leonid |last=Ragozin |date=14 March 2017 |access-date=5 July 2023 |archive-date=29 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729193704/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2017-03-14/russia-s-alternative-universe-immigrants-welcome |url-status=live }}</ref> There are [[Republics of Russia|22 republics]] in Russia, who have their own ethnicities, cultures, and languages. In 12 of them in 2021, ethnic Russians [[Republics of Russia#Demographics trend|constitute a minority]]:
{| style="border:3px solid #6bd; float:center; margin:5px auto 0 auto;"
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:#f5f5f5; padding:5px;" |Ethnic Russian-minority regions in Russia in 2021
|-
! Republic !! ethnic Russians (%)
|-
| {{flag|Bashkortostan}} || {{percentage bar|37.5}}
|-
| {{flag|Chechnya}} || {{percentage bar|1.2}}
|-
| {{flag|Chuvashia}} || {{percentage bar|30.7}}
|-
| {{flag|Dagestan}} || {{percentage bar|3.3}}
|-
| {{flag|Ingushetia}} || {{percentage bar|0.7}}
|-
| {{flag|Kabardino-Balkaria}} || {{percentage bar|19.8}}
|-
| {{flag|Kalmykia}} || {{percentage bar|25.7}}
|-
| {{flag|Karachay-Cherkessia}} || {{percentage bar|27.5}}
|-
| {{flag|North Ossetia–Alania}} || {{percentage bar|18.9}}
|-
| {{flag|Sakha Republic|name=Sakha (Yakutia)}} || {{percentage bar|32.6}}
|-
| {{flag|Tatarstan}} || {{percentage bar|40.3}}
|-
| {{flag|Tuva}} || {{percentage bar|10.1}}
|}