Editing Demographics of Germany (section)

==Immigration==
{{Main|Immigration to Germany|Germans Abroad}} {{See also|2015 European migrant crisis}}

The [[United Nations Population Fund]] lists Germany as host to the [[List of countries by immigrant population|third-highest number of international migrants worldwide]], behind the [[United States]] and [[Saudi Arabia]].<ref name="International Migration Report 2017">{{cite web  |url=http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/publications/migrationreport/docs/MigrationReport2017_Highlights.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171223091939/http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/publications/migrationreport/docs/MigrationReport2017_Highlights.pdf |archive-date=2017-12-23 |url-status=live|title=International Migration Report 2017 – Highlights |publisher =UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs |access-date=9 June 2016}}</ref> The largest ethnic group of non-German origin are the [[Turkish people|Turkish]]. Since the 1960s, [[West Germany|West]] and later [[Reunification of Germany|reunified]] Germany has attracted immigrants primarily from [[Southern Europe|Southern]] and [[Eastern Europe]] as well as [[Turkey]], many of whom (or their children) have acquired German citizenship over time. While most of these immigrants initially arrived as [[Gastarbeiter|guest workers]], changes to guest worker legislation allowed many to stay and to build lives in Germany.

Germany had signed special visa agreements with several countries in times of severe labour shortages or when particular skills were deficient within the country. During the 1960s and 1970s, agreements were signed with the governments of [[Turkey]], [[Yugoslavia]], [[Italy]] and [[Spain]] to help Germany overcome its severe labour shortage.

As of 2012, after Germany fully legalized visa-free immigrants from the eastern states of the EU, the largest sources of net immigration to Germany were other European countries, most importantly [[Poland]], [[Romania]], [[Bulgaria]], [[Hungary]], [[Italy]], [[Spain]], and [[Greece]]; notably, in the case of [[Turkey]], [[Turks in Germany|German Turks]] moving to Turkey slightly outnumbered new immigrants in 2012,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bamf.de/SharedDocs/Anlagen/DE/Publikationen/Migrationsberichte/migrationsbericht-2012.pdf?__blob=publicationFile|title=See page 21 of this report|website=Bamf.de|access-date=24 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171025011622/http://www.bamf.de/SharedDocs/Anlagen/DE/Publikationen/Migrationsberichte/migrationsbericht-2012.pdf?__blob=publicationFile|archive-date=25 October 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> however, in recent years there are more Turkish immigrants in Germany than emigrants again, including illegal Turkish migrants.

In 2015, there was a large increase in asylum applications following the [[2015 European migrant crisis|2015 refugee crisis]], mainly due to the violent conflicts in Syria, Iraq and Afghanistan: 476,649 asylum applications were counted that year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bmi.bund.de/SharedDocs/Pressemitteilungen/DE/2016/01/asylantraege-dezember-2015.html|title=2015: Mehr Asylanträge in Deutschland als jemals zuvor|website=Bundesministerium des Innern|access-date=24 August 2017|archive-date=24 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824094533/http://www.bmi.bund.de/SharedDocs/Pressemitteilungen/DE/2016/01/asylantraege-dezember-2015.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> This number went up to even 745,545 in 2016 and began to decline after it.<ref name="Flücht" />

In 2022, some 23.8 million people in Germany, or 28.7% of the population have migrant background.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/germany-immigrants-made-up-over-18-of-2022-population/a-65383249|title=Germany: Immigrants made up over 18% of 2022 population|website=[[Deutsche Welle]]}}</ref>

Following the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]], over 1.06 million refugees from Ukraine were recorded in Germany as of April 2023.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ukrainian refugees by country 2023 |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/1312584/ukrainian-refugees-by-country/ |website=Statista |language=en}}</ref>

===Migration between Germany  and foreign countries, 1950 to 2024===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;"
|+Numbers of migrants
!rowspan=2| Year
!colspan=3| Total
!colspan=3| Germans
!colspan=3| Non-Germans
|-
! Arrivals !! Departures !! Net migration
! Arrivals !! Departures !! Net migration
! Arrivals !! Departures !! Net migration
|-
| 1950 || 96,140 || 78,148 || 17,992 || – || – || – || – || – || –
|-
| 1951 || 88,349 || 126,071 || −37,722 || – || – || – || – || – || –
|-
| 1952 || 88,089 || 135,796 || −47,707 || – || – || – || – || – || –
|-
| 1953 || 101,599 || 122,264 || −20,665 || – || – || – || – || – || –
|-
| 1954 || 111,490 || 136,212 || −24,722 || 64,637 || 107,381 || −42,744 || 46,853 || 28,831 || 18,022
|-
| 1955 || 127,921 || 136,977 || −9,056 || 67,553 || 101,429 || −33,876 || 60,368 || 35,548 || 24,820
|-
| 1956 || 159,086 || 168,101 || −9,015 || 76,581 || 119,880 || −43,299 || 82,505 || 48,221 || 34,284
|-
| 1957 || 200,142 || 173,171 || 26,971 || 92,724 || 113,879 || −21,155 || 107,418 || 59,292 || 48,126
|-
| 1958 || 212,520 || 161,865 || 50,655 || 94,238 || 97,854 || −3,616 || 118,282 || 64,011 || 54,271
|-
| 1959 || 227,600 || 178,864 || 48,736 || 81,681 || 98,234 || −16,553 || 145,919 || 80,630 || 65,289
|-
| 1960 || 395,016 || 218,574 || 176,442 || 77,331 || 94,133 || −16,802 || 317,685 || 124,441 || 193,244
|-
| 1961 || 489,423 || 266,536 || 222,887 || 78,354 || 85,012 || −6,658 || 411,069 || 181,524 || 229,545
|-
| 1962 || 566,465 || 326,339 || 240,126 || 71,984 || 78,657 || −6,673 || 494,481 || 247,682 || 246,799
|-
| 1963 || 576,951 || 426,767 || 150,184 || 71,188 || 78,645 || −7,457 || 505,763 || 348,122 || 157,641
|-
| 1964 || 698,609 || 457,767 || 240,842 || 73,125 || 86,319 || −13,194 || 625,484 || 371,448 || 254,036
|-
| 1965 || 791,737 || 489,503 || 302,234 || 75,580 || 76,799 || −1,219 || 716,157 || 412,704 || 303,453
|-
| 1966 || 702,337 || 608,775 || 93,562 || 69,841 || 73,540 || −3,699 || 632,496 || 535,235 || 97,261
|-
| 1967 || 398,403 || 604,211 || −205,808 || 68,105 || 76,317 || −8,212 || 330,298 || 527,894 || −197,596
|-
| 1968 || 657,513 || 404,301 || 253,212 || 67,951 || 71,676 || −3,725 || 589,562 || 332,625 || 256,937
|-
| 1969 || 980,731 || 436,685 || 544,046 || 71,165 || 68,021 || 3,144 || 909,566 || 368,664 || 540,902
|-
| 1970 || 1,042,760 || 495,675 || 547,085 || 66,528 || 61,023 || 5,505 || 976,232 || 434,652 || 541,580
|-
| 1971 || 936,349 || 554,280 || 382,069 || 65,612 || 54,022 || 11,590 || 870,737 || 500,258 || 370,479
|-
| 1972 || 852,549 || 568,610 || 283,939 || 65,387 || 54,164 || 11,223 || 787,162 || 514,446 || 272,716
|-
| 1973 || 932,583 || 580,019 || 352,564 || 63,474 || 53,208 || 10,266 || 869,109 || 526,811 || 342,298
|-
| 1974 || 601,013 || 635,613 || −34,600 || 62,439 || 55,168 || 7,271 || 538,574 || 580,445 || −41,871
|-
| 1975 || 429,064 || 652,966 || −223,902 || 62,969 || 52,861 || 10,108 || 366,095 || 600,105 || −234,010
|-
| 1976 || 476,286 || 569,133 || −92,847 || 88,983 || 53,695 || 35,288 || 387,303 || 515,438 || −128,135
|-
| 1977 || 522,611 || 505,696 || 16,915 || 99,766 || 53,603 || 46,163 || 422,845 || 452,093 || −29,248
|-
| 1978 || 559,620 || 458,769 || 100,851 || 103,503 || 53,016 || 50,487 || 456,117 || 405,753 || 50,364
|-
| 1979 || 649,832 || 419,091 || 230,741 || 104,645 || 53,083 || 51,562 || 545,187 || 366,008 || 179,179
|-
| 1980 || 736,362 || 439,571 || 296,791 || 104,928 || 53,728 || 51,200 || 631,434 || 385,843 || 245,591
|-
| 1981 || 605,629 || 470,525 || 135,104 || 104,491 || 55,001 || 49,490 || 501,138 || 415,524 || 85,614
|-
| 1982 || 404,019 || 493,495 || −89,476 || 82,337 || 60,227 || 22,110 || 321,682 || 433,268 || −111,586
|-
| 1983 || 354,496 || 487,268 || −132,772 || 81,244 || 62,355 || 18,889 || 273,252 || 424,913 || −151,661
|-
| 1984 || 410,387 || 604,832 || −194,445 || 79,247 || 59,764 || 19,483 || 331,140 || 545,068 || −213,928
|-
| 1985 || 480,872 || 425,313 || 55,559 || 82,653 || 58,607 || 24,046 || 398,219 || 366,706 || 31,513
|-
| 1986 || 567,215 || 407,139 || 160,076 || 88,867 || 59,350 || 29,517 || 478,348 || 347,789 || 130,559
|-
| 1987 || 591,765 || 398,518 || 193,247 || 119,429 || 64,534 || 54,895 || 472,336 || 333,984 || 138,352
|-
| 1988 || 860,578 || 419,439 || 441,139 || 213,044 || 60,498 || 152,546 || 647,534 || 358,941 || 288,593
|-
| 1989 || 1,133,794 || 539,832 || 593,962 || 366,849 || 101,750 || 265,099 || 766,945 || 438,082 || 328,863
|-
| 1990 || 1,256,250 || 574,378 || 681,872 || 420,548 || 108,908 || 311,640 || 835,702 || 465,470 || 370,232
|-
| 1991 || 1,198,978 || 596,455 || 602,523 || 273,633 || 98,915 || 174,718 || 925,345 || 497,540 || 427,805
|-
| 1992 || 1,502,198 || 720,127 || 782,071 || 290,850 || 105,171 || 185,679 || 1,211,348 || 614,956 || 596,392
|-
| 1993 || 1,277,408 || 815,312 || 462,096 || 287,561 || 104,653 || 182,908 || 989,847 || 710,659 || 279,188
|-
| 1994 || 1,082,553 || 767,555 || 314,998 || 305,037 || 138,280 || 166,757 || 777,516 || 629,275 || 148,241
|-
| 1995 || 1,096,048 || 698,113 || 397,935 || 303,347 || 130,672 || 172,675 || 792,701 || 567,441 || 225,260
|-
| 1996 || 959,691 || 677,494 || 282,197 || 251,737 || 118,430 || 133,307 || 707,954 || 559,064 || 148,890
|-
| 1997 || 840,633 || 746,969 || 93,664 || 225,335 || 109,903 || 115,432 || 615,298 || 637,066 || −21,768
|-
| 1998 || 802,456 || 755,358 || 47,098 || 196,956 || 116,403 || 80,553 || 605,500 || 638,955 || −33,455
|-
| 1999 || 874,023 || 672,048 || 201,975 || 200,150 || 116,410 || 83,740 || 673,873 || 555,638 || 118,235
|-
| 2000 || 841,158 || 674,038 || 167,120 || 191,909 || 111,244 || 80,665 || 649,249 || 562,794 || 86,455
|-
| 2001 || 879,217 || 606,494 || 272,723 || 193,958 || 109,507 || 84,451 || 685,259 || 496,987 || 188,272
|-
| 2002 || 842,543 || 623,255 || 219,288 || 184,202 || 117,683 || 66,519 || 658,341 || 505,572 || 152,769
|-
| 2003 || 768,975 || 626,330 || 142,645 || 167,216 || 127,267 || 39,949 || 601,759 || 499,063 || 102,696
|-
| 2004 || 780,175 || 697,632 || 82,543 || 177,993 || 150,667 || 27,326 || 602,182 || 546,965 || 55,217
|-
| 2005 || 707,352 || 628,399 || 78,953 || 128,051 || 144,815 || −16,764 || 579,301 || 483,584 || 95,717
|-
| 2006 || 661,855 || 639,064 || 22,791 || 103,388 || 155,290 || −51,902 || 558,467 || 483,774 || 74,693
|-
| 2007 || 680,766 || 636,854 || 43,912 || 106,014 || 161,105 || −55,091 || 574,752 || 475,749 || 99,003
|-
| 2008 || 682,146 || 737,889 || −55,743 || 108,331 || 174,759 || −66,428 || 573,815 || 563,130 || 10,685
|-
| 2009 || 721,014 || 733,796 || −12,782 || 114,700 || 154,988 || −40,288 || 606,314 || 578,808 || 27,506
|-
| 2010 || 798,282 || 670,605 || 127,677 || 114,752 || 141,000 || −26,248 || 683,530 || 529,605 || 153,925
|-
| 2011 || 958,299 || 678,969 || 279,330 || 116,604 || 140,132 || −23,528 || 841,695 || 538,837 || 302,858
|-
| 2012 || 1,080,936 || 711,991 || 368,945 || 115,028 || 133,232 || −18,204 || 965,908 || 578,759 || 387,149
|-
| 2013 || 1,226,493 || 797,886 || 428,607 || 118,425 || 140,282 || −21,857 || 1,108,068 || 657,604 || 450,464
|-
| 2014 || 1,464,724 || 914,241 || 550,483 || 122,195 || 148,636 || −26,441 || 1,342,529 || 765,605 || 576,924
|-
| 2015 || 2,136,954 || 997,552 || 1,139,402 || 120,713 || 138,273 || −17,560 || 2,016,241 || 859,279 || 1,156,962
|-
| 2016 || 1,865,122 || 1,365,178 || 499,944 || 146,047 || 281,411 || −135,364 || 1,719,075 || 1,083,767 || 635,308
|-
| 2017 || 1,550,721 || 1,134,641 || 416,080 || 166,703 || 249,181 || −82,478 || 1,384,018 || 885,460 || 498,558
|-
| 2018 || 1,585,112 || 1,185,432 || 399,680 || 201,531 || 261,851 || −60,320 || 1,383,581 || 923,581 || 460,000
|-
| 2019 || 1,558,612 || 1,231,552 || 327,060 || 212,669 || 270,294 || −57,625 || 1,345,943 || 961,258 || 384,685
|-
| 2020 || 1,186,702 || 966,451 || 220,251 || 191,883 || 220,239 || −28,356 || 994,819 || 746,212 || 248,607
|-
| 2021 || 1,323,466 || 994,303 || 329,163 || 183,650 || 247,829 || −64,179 || 1,139,816 || 746,474 || 393,342
|-
| 2022 || 2,665,772 || 1,203,683 || 1,462,089 || 184,753 || 268,167 || −83,414 || 2,481,019 || 935,516 || 1,545,503
|-
| 2023 || 1,936,754 || 1,284,570 || 652,184 || 191,270 || 270,598 || −79,328 || 1,745,484 || 1,013,972 || 731,512
|-
| 2024 || 1,697,192 || 1,278,425 || 418,767 || 188,982 || 276,161 || -87,179 || 1,508,210 || 1,002,264 || 505,946
|}