Editing Dada (section)

==Art techniques developed==
Dadaism also blurred the line between literary and visual arts:

<blockquote>Dada is the groundwork to abstract art and sound poetry, a starting point for performance art, a prelude to [[postmodernism]], an influence on [[pop art]], a celebration of antiart to be later embraced for anarcho-political uses in the 1960s and the movement that laid the foundation for [[Surrealism]].<ref>Marc Lowenthal, translator's introduction to [[Francis Picabia]]'s ''I Am a Beautiful Monster: Poetry, Prose, and Provocation''</ref></blockquote>

===Collage===
The Dadaists imitated the techniques developed during the cubist movement through the pasting of cut pieces of paper items, but extended their art to encompass items such as transportation tickets, maps, plastic wrappers, etc. to portray aspects of life, rather than representing objects viewed as still life. They also invented the "chance [[collage]]" technique, involving dropping torn scraps of paper onto a larger sheet and then pasting the pieces wherever they landed.

===Cut-up technique===
[[Cut-up technique]] is an extension of collage to words themselves, [[Tristan Tzara]] describes this in the Dada Manifesto:<ref>{{citation-attribution|1={{cite web |url=http://www.391.org/manifestos/19201212tristantzara_dmonflabl.htm |title=manifestos: dada manifesto on feeble love and bitter love by tristan tzara, 12th december 1920 |publisher=391 |date=1920-12-12 |access-date=2011-06-27 |archive-date=2011-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724153638/http://www.391.org/manifestos/19201212tristantzara_dmonflabl.htm |url-status=live }} }}</ref>
<poem style="margin-left: 2em;">
TO MAKE A DADAIST POEM
Take a newspaper.
Take some scissors.
Choose from this paper an article of the length you want to make your poem.
Cut out the article.
Next carefully cut out each of the words that makes up this article and put them all in a bag.
Shake gently.
Next take out each cutting one after the other.
Copy conscientiously in the order in which they left the bag.
The poem will resemble you.
And there you are – an infinitely original author of charming sensibility, even though unappreciated by the vulgar herd.
</poem>

===Photomontage===
[[File:ABCD-Hausmann.jpg|thumb|upright|Raoul Hausmann, ''ABCD'' (self-portrait), a photomontage from 1923 to 1924]]

The Dadaists – the "monteurs" (mechanics) – used scissors and glue rather than paintbrushes and paints to express their views of modern life through images presented by the media. A variation on the collage technique, photomontage utilized actual or reproductions of real photographs printed in the press. In Cologne, [[Max Ernst]] used images from the First World War to illustrate messages of the destruction of war.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nga.gov/exhibitions/2006/dada/techniques/index.shtm |title=DADA – Techniques – photomontage |publisher=Nga.gov |access-date=2011-06-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110625072447/http://www.nga.gov/exhibitions/2006/dada/techniques/index.shtm |archive-date=2011-06-25 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Although the Berlin photomontages were assembled, like engines, the (non)relationships among the disparate elements were more rhetorical than real.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Willette|first=Jeanne|title=Dada and Photomontage {{!}} Art History Unstuffed|url=https://arthistoryunstuffed.com/dada-and-the-photomontage/|access-date=2022-01-15}}</ref>

===Assemblage===
The [[assemblage (art)|assemblage]]s were three-dimensional variations of the collage – the assembly of everyday objects to produce meaningful or meaningless (relative to the war) pieces of work including war objects and trash. Objects were nailed, screwed or fastened together in different fashions. Assemblages could be seen in the round or could be hung on a wall.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nga.gov/exhibitions/2006/dada/techniques/assemblage.shtm |title=DADA – Techniques – assemblage |publisher=Nga.gov |access-date=2011-06-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716072920/http://www.nga.gov/exhibitions/2006/dada/techniques/assemblage.shtm |archive-date=2011-07-16 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Readymades===
[[Marcel Duchamp]] began to view the manufactured objects of his collection as objects of art, which he called "[[Readymades of Marcel Duchamp|readymades]]". He would add signatures and titles to some, converting them into artwork that he called "readymade aided" or "rectified readymades". Duchamp wrote: "One important characteristic was the short sentence which I occasionally inscribed on the 'readymade.' That sentence, instead of describing the object like a title, was meant to carry the mind of the spectator towards other regions more verbal. Sometimes I would add a graphic detail of presentation which in order to satisfy my craving for alliterations, would be called 'readymade aided.{{'"}}<ref>"The Writings of Marcel Duchamp" {{ISBN|0-306-80341-0}}</ref> One such example of Duchamp's readymade works is the urinal that was turned onto its back, signed "R. Mutt", titled ''[[Fountain (Duchamp)|Fountain]]'', and submitted to the Society of Independent Artists exhibition that year, though it was not displayed.

Many young artists in America embraced the theories and ideas espoused by Duchamp. Robert Rauschenberg in particular was very influenced by Dadaism and tended to use found objects in his collages as a means of dissolving the boundary between high and low culture.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Readymade – Development and Ideas|url=https://www.theartstory.org/definition/readymade-and-found-object/history-and-concepts/|access-date=2022-01-15|website=The Art Story}}</ref>