Editing Cranberry (section)

=== Extract quality ===
Problems may arise with the lack of validation for quantifying of [[A-type proanthocyanidin]]s (PAC) extracted from cranberries. For instance, PAC extract quality and content can be performed using different methods including the [[European Pharmacopoeia]] method, [[liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry]],<ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.03.062|title=Characterisation of genuine and derived cranberry proanthocyanidins by LC–ESI-MS|year=2011|last1=Tarascou|first1=Isabelle|last2=Mazauric|first2=Jean-Paul|last3=Meudec|first3=Emmanuelle|last4=Souquet|first4=Jean-Marc|last5=Cunningham|first5=David|last6=Nojeim|first6=Steve|last7=Cheynier|first7=Véronique|last8=Fulcrand|first8=Hélène|display-authors=3|journal=Food Chemistry|volume=128|issue=3|pages=802}}</ref> or a modified [[4-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde]] [[colorimetric]] method.<ref>{{Cite journal|pmid=20549799|doi=10.1002/jsfa.3966|title=Multi-laboratory validation of a standard method for quantifying proanthocyanidins in cranberry powders|year=2010|last1=Prior|first1=Ronald L|last2=Fan|first2=Ellen|last3=Ji|first3=Hongping|last4=Howell|first4=Amy|last5=Nio|first5=Christian|last6=Payne|first6=Mark J|last7=Reed|first7=Jess|display-authors=3 |journal=Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture|volume=90|issue=9|pages=1473–8|bibcode=2010JSFA...90.1473P |doi-access=free}}</ref> Variations in extract analysis can lead to difficulties in assessing the quality of PAC extracts from different cranberry starting material, such as by regional origin, ripeness at time of harvest and post-harvest processing. Assessments show that quality varies greatly from one commercial PAC extract product to another.<ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1021/jf204912u|title=Comprehensive Assessment of the Quality of Commercial Cranberry Products. Phenolic Characterization and in Vitro Bioactivity|year=2012|last1=Sánchez-Patán|first1=Fernando|last2=Bartolomé|first2=Begoña|last3=Martín-Alvarez|first3=Pedro J.|last4=Anderson|first4=Mark|last5=Howell|first5=Amy|last6=Monagas|first6=María|journal=Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry|volume=60|issue=13|pages=3396–408|pmid=22439747|bibcode=2012JAFC...60.3396S |hdl=10261/101264}}</ref>