Editing Condom (section)

== History ==
{{Main|History of condoms}}
[[File:De Morbo Gallico.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|A page from ''De Morbo Gallico'' ('On the French Disease'), [[Gabriele Falloppio]]'s treatise on syphilis. Published in 1564, it describes what is possibly the first use of condoms.]]

=== Before the 19th century ===
Whether condoms were used in ancient civilizations is debated by archaeologists and historians.<ref name="collier">{{cite book |first=Aine |last=Collier |year=2007 |title=The Humble Little Condom: A History |publisher=Prometheus Books |location=Amherst, NY |isbn=978-1-59102-556-6}}</ref>{{Rp|11}} In ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome, pregnancy prevention was generally seen as a woman's responsibility, and the only well documented contraception methods were female-controlled devices.<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|17,23}} In Asia before the 15th century, some use of [[Glans penis|glans]] condoms (devices covering only the head of the penis) is recorded. Condoms seem to have been used for contraception, and to have been known only by members of the upper classes. In China, glans condoms may have been made of oiled silk paper, or of lamb intestines. In Japan, condoms called ''Kabuto-gata'' (甲形) were made of tortoise shell or animal horn.<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|60–1}}<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Matsumoto|first1=Y. Scott|last2=Koizumi|first2=Akira|last3=Nohara|first3=Tadahiro|date=October 1972|title=Condom Use in Japan|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1964707|journal=Studies in Family Planning|volume=3|issue=10|pages=251|doi=10.2307/1964707|jstor=1964707|access-date=27 June 2022|archive-date=27 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220627145354/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1964707|url-status=live}}

Condom Use in Japan,</ref>
[[File:Shun- Kabuto-gata, yoroi-gata 春- 甲形, 鎧形 (Spring- Helmet, Armour) (BM 2012,3051.1).jpg|Japanese [[Shunga]] [[Ukiyoe]] from the 19th century depicting Kabuto-gata among its sex toys used among women, stored by the [[British Museum]]|thumb|upright=1.2]]
In 16th-century Italy, anatomist and physician [[Gabriele Falloppio]] wrote a treatise on [[syphilis]].<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|51,54–5}} The earliest documented strain of syphilis, first appearing in Europe in a 1490s outbreak, caused severe symptoms and often death within a few months of contracting the disease.<ref name=Scars_of_Venus>{{cite book |last=Oriel |first= JD |title=The Scars of Venus: A History of Venereology |location=London |publisher=Springer-Verlag |year=1994 |isbn=978-0-387-19844-6}}</ref><ref name=Diamond1>{{cite book |last=Diamond |first= Jared |year=1997 |title=Guns, Germs and Steel |location=New York |publisher=W.W. Norton |page=210 |isbn=978-0-393-03891-0}}</ref> Falloppio's treatise is the earliest uncontested description of condom use: it describes linen sheaths soaked in a chemical solution and allowed to dry before use. The cloths he described were sized to cover the glans of the penis, and were held on with a ribbon.<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|51,54–5}}<ref name=pai>{{cite web |title=Special Topic: History of Condom Use |publisher=Population Action International |year=2002 |url=http://www.populationaction.org/Publications/Reports/Condoms_Count/Special_Topic_History_of_Condom_Use.shtml |access-date=18 February 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070714101959/http://www.populationaction.org/Publications/Reports/Condoms_Count/Special_Topic_History_of_Condom_Use.shtml |archive-date=14 July 2007}}</ref> Falloppio claimed that an experimental trial of the linen sheath demonstrated protection against syphilis.<ref name="youssef">{{cite journal |last=Youssef |first=H |date=1 April 1993 |title=The history of the condom |journal=Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine |volume=86 |pages=226–228 |pmid=7802734 |issue=4 |doi=10.1177/014107689308600415 |pmc=1293956}}</ref>

After this, the use of penis coverings to protect from disease is described in a wide variety of literature throughout Europe. The first indication that these devices were used for birth control, rather than disease prevention, is the 1605 theological publication ''De iustitia et iure'' (On justice and law) by Catholic theologian [[Leonardus Lessius]], who condemned them as immoral.<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|56}} In 1666, the English Birth Rate Commission attributed a recent downward fertility rate to use of "condons", the first documented use of that word or any similar spelling.<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|66–8}} Other early spellings include "condam" and "quondam", from which the Italian derivation ''guantone'' has been suggested, from ''guanto'', "a glove".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://etymonline.com/index.php?allowed_in_frame=0&search=condom |title=Condom &#124; Search Online Etymology Dictionary |access-date=18 January 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118222011/http://etymonline.com/index.php?allowed_in_frame=0&search=condom |archive-date=18 January 2017}}</ref>

[[File:Condom 1900.jpg|left|thumb|A condom made from animal intestine circa 1900]]
In addition to linen, condoms during the [[Renaissance]] were made out of intestines and bladder. In the late 16th century, Dutch traders introduced condoms made from "fine leather" to Japan. Unlike the horn condoms used previously, these leather condoms covered the entire penis.<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|61}}

[[File:Condoomgebruik in de 19e eeuw.png|right|thumb|170px|[[Giacomo Casanova]] tests his condom for holes by inflating it]]
[[Giacomo Casanova|Casanova]] in the 18th century was one of the first reported using "assurance caps" to prevent impregnating his mistresses.<ref>Fryer P. (1965) 'the Birth controllers', London: Secker and Warburg and Dingwall EJ. (1953) 'Early contraceptive sheaths' BMJ, 1 Jan: 40–1 in Lewis M. 'A Brief history of condoms' in Mindel A. (2000) 'Condoms', BMJ books</ref>

From at least the 18th century, condom use was opposed in some legal, religious, and medical circles for essentially the same reasons that are given today: condoms reduce the likelihood of pregnancy, which some thought immoral or undesirable for the nation; they do not provide full protection against sexually transmitted infections, while belief in their protective powers was thought to encourage sexual promiscuity; and, they are not used consistently due to inconvenience, expense, or loss of sensation.<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|73,86–8,92}}

Despite some opposition, the condom market grew rapidly. In the 18th century, condoms were available in a variety of qualities and sizes, made from either linen treated with chemicals, or "skin" (bladder or intestine softened by treatment with [[sulfur]] and [[lye]]).<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|94–5}} They were sold at pubs, barbershops, chemist shops, open-air markets, and at the theater throughout Europe and Russia.<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|90–2,97,104}} They later spread to America, although in every place there were generally used only by the middle and upper classes, due to both expense and lack of sex education.<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|116–21}}

=== 1800 through 1920s ===
[[File:El Paral·lel 1894-1939- exhibit at CCCB in Barcelona (78).JPG|thumb|An old-fashioned condom package]]
The early 19th century saw contraceptives promoted to the poorer classes for the first time. Writers on contraception tended to prefer other birth control methods to the condom. By the late 19th century, many feminists expressed distrust of the condom as a contraceptive, as its use was controlled and decided upon by men alone. They advocated instead for methods controlled by women, such as diaphragms and spermicidal douches.<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|152–3}} Other writers cited both the expense of condoms and their unreliability (they were often riddled with holes and often fell off or tore). Still, they discussed condoms as a good option for some and the only contraceptive that protects from disease.<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|88,90,125,129–30}}

Many countries passed laws impeding the manufacture and promotion of contraceptives.<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|144,163–4,168–71,193}} In spite of these restrictions, condoms were promoted by traveling lecturers and in newspaper advertisements, using euphemisms in places where such ads were illegal.<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|127,130–2,138,146–7}} Instructions on how to make condoms at home were distributed in the United States and Europe.<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|126,136}} Despite social and legal opposition, at the end of the 19th century the condom was the Western world's most popular birth control method.<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|173–4}}

[[File:Surgeon Sage Says.jpg|left|thumb|upright=0.9|During World War I, the U.S. military was the only one that did not promote condom use. Posters such as these were intended to promote abstinence.]]
Beginning in the second half of the 19th century, American rates of sexually transmitted infections skyrocketed. Causes cited by historians include the effects of the [[American Civil War]] and the ignorance of prevention methods promoted by the [[Comstock laws]].<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|137–8,159}} To fight the growing epidemic, sex education classes were introduced to public schools for the first time, teaching about venereal diseases and how they were transmitted. They generally taught abstinence was the only way to avoid sexually transmitted infections.<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|179–80}} Condoms were not promoted for disease prevention because the medical community and moral watchdogs considered STIs to be punishment for sexual misbehavior. The stigma against people with these diseases was so significant that many hospitals refused to treat people with syphilis.<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|176}}

[[File:Condom with manual from 1813.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Condom (and manual) from 1813]]
The German military was the first to promote condom use among its soldiers in the later 19th century.<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|169,181}} Early 20th century experiments by the American military concluded that providing condoms to soldiers significantly lowered rates of sexually transmitted infections.<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|180–3}} During [[World War I]], the United States and (at the beginning of the war only) Britain were the only countries with soldiers in Europe who did not provide condoms and promote their use.<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|187–90}}

In the decades after World War I, there remained social and legal obstacles to condom use throughout the U.S. and Europe.<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|208–10}} Founder of psychoanalysis [[Sigmund Freud]] opposed all methods of birth control because their failure rates were too high. Freud was especially opposed to the condom because he thought it cut down on sexual pleasure. Some feminists continued to oppose male-controlled contraceptives such as condoms. In 1920 the Church of England's [[Lambeth Conferences#Sixth Conference (1920)|Lambeth Conference]] condemned all "unnatural means of conception avoidance". The Bishop of London, [[Arthur Winnington-Ingram]], complained of the huge number of condoms discarded in alleyways and parks, especially after weekends and holidays.<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|211–2}}

However, European militaries continued to provide condoms to their members for disease protection, even in countries where they were illegal for the general population.<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|213–4}} Through the 1920s, catchy names and slick packaging became an increasingly important marketing technique for many consumer items, including condoms and cigarettes.<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|197}} Quality testing became more common, involving filling each condom with air followed by one of several methods intended to detect loss of pressure.<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|204,206,221–2}} Worldwide, condom sales doubled in the 1920s.<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|210}}

=== Rubber and manufacturing advances ===
In 1839, [[Charles Goodyear]] discovered a way of processing natural [[rubber]], which is too stiff when cold and too soft when warm, in such a way as to make it elastic. This proved to have advantages for the manufacture of condoms; unlike the sheep's gut condoms, they could stretch and did not tear quickly when used. The [[vulcanized rubber|rubber vulcanization]] process was patented by Goodyear in 1844.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Reprinted from ''India Rubber World'' |title=CHARLES GOODYEAR—The life and discoveries of the inventor of vulcanized India rubber |journal=Scientific American Supplement |issue=787 |date=31 January 1891 |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/14009 |access-date=8 June 2008 |archive-date=25 December 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081225204441/http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/14009 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=The Charles Goodyear Story: The Strange Story of Rubber |journal=Reader's Digest |date=January 1958 |url=http://www.goodyear.com/corporate/history/history_story.html |access-date=8 June 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509075421/http://www.goodyear.com/corporate/history/history_story.html |archive-date=9 May 2008}}</ref> The first rubber condom was produced in 1855.<ref name=billy>{{cite web |title=Rubbers haven't always been made of rubber |work=Billy Boy: The excitingly different condom |url=http://www.billy-boy.com/english/info/ |access-date=9 September 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060721104435/http://www.billy-boy.com/english/info/ |archive-date=21 July 2006}}</ref> The earliest rubber condoms had a seam and were as thick as a bicycle inner tube. Besides this type, small rubber condoms covering only the [[Glans penis|glans]] were often used in England and the United States. There was more risk of losing them and if the rubber ring was too tight, it would constrict the penis. This type of condom was the original "capote" (French for condom), perhaps because of its resemblance to a woman's bonnet worn at that time, also called a [[Bonnet (headgear)|capote]].

For many decades, rubber condoms were manufactured by wrapping strips of raw rubber around penis-shaped molds, then dipping the wrapped molds in a chemical solution to cure the rubber.<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|148}} In 1912, Polish-born inventor [[Julius Fromm]] developed a new, improved manufacturing technique for condoms: dipping glass molds into a raw rubber solution.<ref name="billy" /> Called ''cement dipping'', this method required adding gasoline or benzene to the rubber to make it liquid.<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|200}}
Around 1920 patent lawyer and vice-president of the [[United States Rubber Company]] Ernest Hopkinson<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nycago.org/Organs/NYC/html/ResHopkinsonE.html | title=Ernest Hopkinson Residence - New York City | access-date=16 June 2022 | archive-date=9 August 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809081556/http://www.nycago.org/Organs/NYC/html/ResHopkinsonE.html | url-status=live }}</ref> invented<ref>{{US patent|1423525A}}, {{US patent|1423526A}}</ref> a new technique of converting [[latex]] into rubber without a coagulant ([[demulsifier]]), which featured using water as a solvent and warm air to dry the solution, as well as optionally preserving liquid latex with ammonia.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://archive.org/details/sim_chemical-engineering_1930-02_37_2/page/100/mode/2up | title=Chemical & Metallurgical Engineering 1930-02: Vol 37 Iss 2 | date=February 1930 | publisher=Access Intelligence LLC }}</ref> Condoms made this way, commonly called "latex" ones, required less labor to produce than cement-dipped rubber condoms, which had to be smoothed by rubbing and trimming. The use of water to suspend the rubber instead of [[gasoline]] and [[benzene]] eliminated the fire hazard previously associated with all condom factories. Latex condoms also performed better for the consumer: they were stronger and thinner than rubber condoms, and had a shelf life of five years (compared to three months for rubber).<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|199–200}}

Until the twenties, all condoms were individually hand-dipped by semi-skilled workers. Throughout the decade of the 1920s, advances in the automation of the condom assembly line were made. The first fully automated line was patented in 1930. Major condom manufacturers bought or leased conveyor systems, and small manufacturers were driven out of business.<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|201–3}} The skin condom, now significantly more expensive than the latex variety, became restricted to a niche high-end market.<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|220}}

=== 1930 to present ===
[[File:"3 Merry Widows" tin.jpg|thumb|Condom tin, "3 Merry Widows" brand, circa 1930.]]
[[File:Packet of "Anti-baby" condoms, German.jpg|alt=Shows purple packet of "Anti-baby" condoms from Germany. c1980s.|thumb|A packet of "Anti-baby" condoms from Germany. c1980s.]]
In 1930 the Anglican Church's [[Lambeth Conferences#Seventh: 1930|Lambeth Conference]] sanctioned the use of birth control by married couples. In 1931 the [[National Council of Churches|Federal Council of Churches]] in the U.S. issued a similar statement.<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|227}} The Roman Catholic Church responded by issuing the encyclical ''[[Casti connubii]]'' affirming its opposition to all contraceptives, a stance it has never reversed.<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|228–9}} In the 1930s, legal restrictions on condoms began to be relaxed.<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|216,226,234}}<ref name="note">{{cite web |title=Biographical Note |work=The Margaret Sanger Papers |publisher=Sophia Smith Collection, Smith College, Northampton, Mass. |year=1995 |url=http://asteria.fivecolleges.edu/findaids/sophiasmith/mnsss43_bioghist.html |access-date=21 October 2006 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060912180741/http://asteria.fivecolleges.edu/findaids/sophiasmith/mnsss43_bioghist.html |archive-date=12 September 2006}}</ref> However, during this period [[Italian fascism|Fascist Italy]] and [[Nazi Germany]] increased restrictions on condoms (limited sales as disease preventatives were still allowed).<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|252,254–5}} During the Depression, condom lines by [[Julius Schmid (manufacturer)|Schmid]] gained in popularity. Schmid still used the cement-dipping method of manufacture which had two advantages over the latex variety. Firstly, cement-dipped condoms could be safely used with oil-based [[Personal lubricant|lubricants]]. Secondly, while less comfortable, these older-style rubber condoms could be reused and so were more economical, a valued feature in hard times.<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|217–9}} More attention was brought to quality issues in the 1930s, and the U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] began to regulate the quality of condoms sold in the United States.<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|223–5}}

Throughout [[World War II]], condoms were not only distributed to male U.S. military members, but also heavily promoted with films, posters, and lectures.<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|236–8,259}} European and Asian militaries on both sides of the conflict also provided condoms to their troops throughout the war, even Germany which outlawed all civilian use of condoms in 1941.<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|252–4,257–8}} In part because condoms were readily available, soldiers found a number of [[#Other uses|non-sexual uses]] for the devices, many of which continue to this day. After the war, condom sales continued to grow. From 1955 to 1965, 42% of Americans of reproductive age relied on condoms for birth control. In Britain from 1950 to 1960, 60% of married couples used condoms. The [[combined oral contraceptive pill|birth control pill]] became the world's most popular method of birth control in the years after its 1960 début, but condoms remained a strong second. The U.S. [[United States Agency for International Development|Agency for International Development]] pushed condom use in developing countries to help solve the "world population crises": by 1970 hundreds of millions of condoms were being used each year in India alone.<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|267–9,272–5}}(This number has grown in recent decades: in 2004, the government of India purchased 1.9 billion condoms for distribution at family planning clinics.)<ref>{{cite report |first=AP |last=Sharma |title=Annual Report of the Tariff Commission |page=9 |publisher=India government |year=2006 |url=http://tc.nic.in/areports/annualreport-2005-06.pdf |access-date=16 July 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090619062117/http://tc.nic.in/areports/annualreport-2005-06.pdf |archive-date=19 June 2009}}</ref>
[[File:NYC condom 2019.jpg|thumb|A condom given out by NYC Health Department during the [[Stonewall 50 – WorldPride NYC 2019]] celebrations.]]
In the 1960s and 1970s quality regulations tightened,<ref>Collier, pp. 267, 285</ref> and more legal barriers to condom use were removed.<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|276–9}} In Ireland, legal condom sales were allowed for the first time in 1978.<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|329–30}} Advertising, however was one area that continued to have legal restrictions. In the late 1950s, the American [[National Association of Broadcasters]] banned condom advertisements from national television; this policy remained in place until 1979.<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|273–4,285}}

After it was discovered in the early 1980s that [[AIDS]] can be a sexually transmitted infection,<ref>{{cite journal |title=A Cluster of Kaposi's Sarcoma and Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia among Homosexual Male Residents of Los Angeles and range Counties, California |journal=Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report |volume=31 |issue=23 |pages=305–307 |date=18 June 1982 |url=https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001114.htm |access-date=15 June 2008 |pmid=6811844 |author1=Centers for Disease Control (CDC) |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080224023702/http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001114.htm |archive-date=24 February 2008}}</ref> the use of condoms was encouraged to prevent transmission of [[HIV]]. Despite opposition by some political, religious, and other figures, national condom promotion campaigns occurred in the U.S. and Europe.<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|299,301,306–7,312–8}} These campaigns increased condom use significantly.<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|309–17}}

Due to increased demand and greater social acceptance, condoms began to be sold in a wider variety of retail outlets, including in supermarkets and in discount department stores such as [[Walmart]].<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|305}} Condom sales increased every year until 1994, when media attention to the AIDS pandemic began to decline.<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|303–4}} The phenomenon of decreasing use of condoms as disease preventatives has been called ''prevention fatigue'' or ''[[condom fatigue]]''. Observers have cited condom fatigue in both Europe and North America.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Adam BD, Husbands W, Murray J, Maxwell J |title=AIDS optimism, condom fatigue, or self-esteem? Explaining unsafe sex among gay and bisexual men |journal=Journal of Sex Research |date=August 2005 |doi=10.1080/00224490509552278 |volume=42 |issue=3 |pages=238–248 |pmid=19817037 |s2cid=5772698}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Walder |first=Rupert |title=Condom Fatigue in Western Europe? |work=Rupert Walder's blog |publisher=RH Reality Check |date=31 August 2007 |url=http://www.rhrealitycheck.org/blog/2007/08/31/condom-fatigue-in-western-europe |access-date=29 June 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080515234305/http://www.rhrealitycheck.org/blog/2007/08/31/condom-fatigue-in-western-europe |archive-date=15 May 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Jazz |title=Condom Fatigue Or Prevention Fatigue |publisher=Isnare.com |url=http://www.isnare.com/?aid=87040&ca=Sexuality |access-date=29 June 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713063621/http://www.isnare.com/?aid=87040&ca=Sexuality |archive-date=13 July 2011}}</ref> As one response, manufacturers have changed the tone of their advertisements from scary to humorous.<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|303–4}}

New developments continued to occur in the condom market, with the first polyurethane condom—branded Avanti and produced by the manufacturer of Durex—introduced in the 1990s.<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|32–5}} Worldwide condom use is expected to continue to grow: one study predicted that developing nations would need 18.6 billion condoms by 2015.<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|342}} {{as of|2013|September}}, condoms are available inside prisons in Canada, most of the European Union, Australia, Brazil, Indonesia, South Africa, and the US states of Vermont (on 17 September 2013, the Californian Senate approved a bill for condom distribution inside the state's prisons, but the bill was not yet law at the time of approval).<ref>{{cite web |title=Everybody wants condom vending machines |url=http://grist.org/list/everybody-wants-condom-vending-machines/?sub_email=sundaybottle%40hotmail.com |work=[[Grist (magazine)|Grist]] |access-date=19 September 2013 |author=Holly Richmond |date=18 September 2013 |archive-date=5 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805060218/http://grist.org/living/everybody-wants-condom-vending-machines/?sub_email=sundaybottle%40hotmail.com%7C |url-status=live }}</ref>

The global condom market was estimated at US$9.2 billion in 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Condom Market Size, Share {{!}} Global Industry Growth Report, 2019-2026 |url=https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/condom-market |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=www.grandviewresearch.com |archive-date=18 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118171001/https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/condom-market |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Etymology and other terms ===
The term ''condom'' first appears in the early 18th century: early forms include ''condum'' (1706 and 1717), ''condon'' (1708) and ''cundum'' (1744).<ref name="oed">{{OED|condom, n. }}</ref> The word's etymology is unknown. In popular tradition, the invention and naming of the condom came to be attributed to an associate of England's [[Charles II of England|King Charles II]], one "Dr. Condom" or "Earl of Condom". There is however no evidence of the existence of such a person, and condoms had been used for over one hundred years before King Charles II acceded to the throne in 1660.<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|54,68}}

A variety of unproven Latin etymologies have been proposed, including {{lang|la|condon}} (receptacle),<ref name=condon>{{cite journal |last1=James |first1=Susan |last2=Kepron |first2=Charis |title=Of Lemons, Yams and Crocodile Dung: A Brief History of Birth Control |journal=University of Toronto Medical Journal |volume=79 |issue=2 |pages=156–158 |date=March 2002 |url=http://www.utmj.org/issues/79.2/Historical.pdf |access-date=26 July 2009|archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20061013222550/http://www.utmj.org/issues/79.2/Historical.pdf|archive-date = 13 October 2006 |url-status=dead}}</ref> {{lang|la|condamina}} (house),<ref>{{cite journal |last=Thundy |first=Zacharias P |title=The Etymology of Condom |journal=American Speech |volume=60 |issue=2 |pages=177–179 |date=Summer 1985 |doi=10.2307/455309 |jstor=455309}}</ref> and {{lang|la|cumdum}} (scabbard or case).<ref name="collier" />{{Rp|70–1}} It has also been speculated to be from the Italian word ''guantone'', derived from ''guanto'', meaning glove.<ref name="oetyd">{{cite web |last=Harper |first=Douglas |title=Condom |work=Online Etymology Dictionary |date=November 2001 |url=http://etymonline.com/?term=condom |access-date=7 April 2007 |archive-date=20 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720132643/http://etymonline.com/?term=condom |url-status=live }}</ref> William E. Kruck wrote an article in 1981 concluding that, "As for the word 'condom', I need state only that its origin remains completely unknown, and there ends this search for an etymology."<ref>{{cite journal |last=Kruck |first=William E | author-link = American Dialect Society |title=Looking for Dr Condom |journal=Publication of the American Dialect Society |volume=66 |issue=7 |pages=1–105 |year=1981}}</ref> Modern dictionaries may also list the etymology as "unknown".<ref name="oed"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Condom |work=[[Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary]] |url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/condom |access-date=26 July 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090424232222/http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/condom |archive-date=24 April 2009}}</ref>

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Other terms are also commonly used to describe condoms. In North America condoms are also commonly known as ''[[prophylactics]]'', or ''rubbers''. In Britain they may be called ''French letters''<ref>{{cite web |title=French letter |work=[[Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary]] |publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]] |url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/french%20letter |access-date=26 July 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090424023036/http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/french%20letter |archive-date=24 April 2009}}</ref><ref>{{OED|French letter, n. }}</ref> or ''rubber johnnies''.<ref>{{OED|rubber johnny, n. }}</ref> Additionally, condoms may be referred to using the manufacturer's name.