Editing Cleopatra (section)

=====Statues=====
{{further|Roman portraiture|Roman sculpture|Esquiline Venus|Sleeping Ariadne}}
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| footer = Left: An Egyptian statue of either [[Arsinoe II]] or Cleopatra as an [[Egyptian goddess]] in black [[basalt]] from the second half of the 1st century BC,{{sfnp|Ashton|2008|pp=83–85}} located in the [[Hermitage Museum]], Saint Petersburg{{pb}}Right: The ''[[Esquiline Venus]]'', a [[Roman art|Roman]] or [[Hellenistic Egypt|Hellenistic-Egyptian]] statue of [[Venus (mythology)|Venus]] ([[Aphrodite]]) that may be a depiction of Cleopatra,{{sfnp|Pina Polo|2013|pp=186, 194, footnote 10}} located in the [[Capitoline Museums]], Rome
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Cleopatra was depicted in various ancient works of art, in the [[Art of ancient Egypt|Egyptian]] as well as [[Hellenistic art|Hellenistic-Greek]] and [[Roman art|Roman]] styles.{{sfnp|Sabino|Gross-Diaz|2016|}} Surviving works include statues, [[Bust (sculpture)|busts]], [[relief]]s, and minted coins,{{sfnp|Sabino|Gross-Diaz|2016|}}{{sfnp|Anderson|2003|p=36}} as well as ancient [[Cameo (carving)|carved cameos]],{{sfnp|Roller|2010|p=176}} such as one depicting Cleopatra and Antony in Hellenistic style, now in the [[Altes Museum]], Berlin.{{sfnp|Raia|Sebesta|2017}} Contemporary images of Cleopatra were produced both in and outside of Ptolemaic Egypt. For instance, there was once a large [[gilded]] bronze statue of Cleopatra inside the [[Temple of Venus Genetrix]] in Rome, the first time that a living person had their statue placed next to that of a deity in a [[Roman temple]].{{sfnp|Grout|2017b|}}{{sfnp|Roller|2010|pp=72, 175}}{{sfnp|Fletcher|2008|pp=195–196}} It was erected there by Caesar and remained in the temple at least until the 3rd century AD, its preservation perhaps owing to Caesar's patronage, although Augustus did not remove or destroy artworks in Alexandria depicting Cleopatra.{{sfnp|Roller|2010|pp=72, 151, 175}}{{sfnp|Varner|2004|p=20}}

[[:File:Cleopatra VII, marble, Vatican Museums, Pius-Clementine Museum, Room of the Greek Cross.jpg|A life-sized Roman-style statue of Cleopatra]] was found near the {{interlanguage link|Tomba di Nerone|it}}, Rome, along the {{lang|la|[[Via Cassia]]}}, and is now housed in the {{lang|it|[[Museo Pio-Clementino]]}}, part of the [[Vatican Museums]].{{sfnp|Raia|Sebesta|2017}}{{sfnp|Lippold|1936|pp=169–171}}{{sfnp|Curtius|1933|pp=184 ff. Abb. 3 Taf. 25–27.}} Plutarch, in his ''Life of Antonius'', said that the public statues of Antony were [[damnatio memoriae|torn down]] by Augustus, but those of Cleopatra were preserved following her death thanks to her friend Archibius paying the emperor 2,000 [[Talent (measurement)|talents]] to dissuade him from destroying hers.{{sfnp|Grout|2017a|}}{{sfnp|Roller|2010|p=151}}{{sfnp|Burstein|2004|p=65}}

Since the 1950s scholars have debated whether or not the ''[[Esquiline Venus]]''—discovered in 1874 on the [[Esquiline Hill]] in Rome and housed in the {{lang|it|[[Palazzo dei Conservatori]]}} of the [[Capitoline Museums]]—is a depiction of Cleopatra, based on the statue's [[commons:Category:Esquiline Venus (Musei Capitolini)|hairstyle and facial features]], apparent royal diadem worn over the head, and the [[uraeus]] [[Egyptian cobra]] wrapped around the base.{{sfnp|Pina Polo|2013|pp=186, 194, footnote 10}}{{sfnp|Roller|2010|p=175}}{{sfnp|Higgs|2001|pp=208–209}} Detractors of this theory argue that the face in this statue is thinner than the face on [[:File:Berlín Cleopatra 01.JPG|the Berlin portrait]] and assert that it was unlikely she would be depicted as the naked goddess [[Venus (mythology)|Venus]] (or the Greek [[Aphrodite]]).{{sfnp|Pina Polo|2013|pp=186, 194, footnote 10}}{{sfnp|Roller|2010|p=175}}{{sfnp|Higgs|2001|pp=208–209}} However, she was depicted in an Egyptian statue as the goddess [[Isis]],{{sfnp|Ashton|2008|p=83}} while some of her coinage depicts her as Venus-Aphrodite.{{sfnp|Fletcher|2008|p=205}}{{sfnp|Meadows|Ashton|2001|p=178}} She also dressed as Aphrodite when meeting Antony at Tarsos.{{sfnp|Burstein|2004|p=23}} The ''Esquiline Venus'' is generally thought to be a mid-1st-century AD [[Interpretatio graeca|Roman copy]] of a 1st-century BC Greek original from the school of [[Pasiteles]].{{sfnp|Roller|2010|p=175}}