Editing Brownfield land (section)

== Regulation ==
{{Further|Brownfield regulation and development}}

===United States===
In the United States, [[brownfield regulation and development]] is governed mainly by state environmental agencies in cooperation with the [[US Environmental Protection Agency|Environmental Protection Agency]] (EPA). In 1995, the EPA launched the Brownfields Program, which was expanded in 2002 with the [[Small Business Liability Relief and Brownfields Revitalization Act|Brownfields Law]].<ref name="atl14"/> 
The EPA and local and national governments can provide technical help and some funding for assessment and cleanup.<ref name="atl14"/> From 2002 through 2013, the EPA awarded nearly 1,000 clean-up grants for almost $190 million. It can also provide [[tax incentive]]s for cleanup that is not paid for outright; specifically, cleanup costs are fully [[tax-deductible]] in the year they are incurred.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.epa.gov/brownfields/tax/index.htm |format=URL |website=[[EPA]] |title=Brownfields Tax Incentive |access-date=November 29, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110212204044/http://www.epa.gov/brownfields/tax/index.htm |archive-date=February 12, 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Many of the most important provisions on liability relief are contained in state codes that can differ significantly from state to state.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ncsl.org/IssuesResearch/EnvironmentandNaturalResources/BrownfieldsOverviewPage/tabid/13239/Default.aspx |publisher=National Conference of State Legislatures |title=Brownfields Overview Page |access-date=November 29, 2009 |archive-date=November 28, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091128080912/http://www.ncsl.org/IssuesResearch/EnvironmentandNaturalResources/BrownfieldsOverviewPage/tabid/13239/Default.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===United Kingdom===
In the United Kingdom, regulation of contaminated land comes from Part IIA of the [[Environmental Protection Act 1990]]; responsibility falls on local authorities to create a "contaminated land register". For sites with dubious past and present uses, the [[Local planning authority|Local Planning Authority]] may ask for a desktop study,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.oakshireenvironmental.co.uk/what-is-a-phase-1-preliminary-risk-assessment |title=What is a Phase 1 Preliminary Risk Assessment? |last=Environmental |first=Oakshire |website=Oakshire Environmental |language=en |access-date=November 25, 2019}}</ref> which is sometimes implemented as a condition in planning applications.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://southwest-environmental.co.uk/Deskto%20Study_copy%281%29.html |title=Desktop Study Reports - London, Bristol & Exeter |publisher=Southwest Environmental Limited |date= n.d. |access-date=June 16, 2014}}</ref> However by definition land that is derelict or underused is highly unlikely to be determined as contaminated land – primarily due to risks to human health.

The key regulation of brownfield land is through the [[land use planning]] system when a new land use is being considered.