Editing Brno (section)

==Sights==
[[File:Brno - Cathedral of Saints Peter and Paul II.jpg|thumb|The Cathedral of Saint Peter and Paul and Dietrichstein Palace viewed from the tower of the Old Town Hall]]
[[File:Tugendhat zevnitr vyrez.jpg|thumb|Villa Tugendhat, protected as a UNESCO World Heritage Site]]

Brno has hundreds of historical sights, including one designated a [[World Heritage Site]] by [[UNESCO]],<ref name="unesco">{{cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1052|title=Tugendhat Villa in Brno – UNESCO World Heritage Centre|access-date=21 September 2011|publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre}}</ref> and eight monuments listed among the national cultural heritage of the Czech Republic.<ref name="npunationalsights">{{cite web|url=http://monumnet.npu.cz/chruzemi/list.php?KrOk=Ok&Nazev=&KodOk=6202|title=Světové dědictví, NKP, chráněná území – okres Brno-město|access-date=21 September 2011|publisher=The National Institute for the Protection and Conservation of Monuments and Sites of the Czech Republic|language=cs}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mvcr.cz/clanek/kulturni-pamatky.aspx|title=Kulturní památky|access-date=21 September 2011|publisher=The Ministry of the interior of the Czech Republic|language=cs}}</ref> Most of the main sights of Brno are situated in the historical centre. The city has the third largest historic preservation zone in the Czech Republic, the largest one being in the Czech capital [[Prague]]. However, there is a considerable difference in the number of historical preservation zones of both cities. While Brno has 484 legally protected sites, Prague has as many as 1,330.<ref name="npusearch">{{cite web|url=http://monumnet.npu.cz/chruzemi/hledani.php|title=Národní památkový ústav: Světové dědictví, NKP, chráněná území|access-date=21 September 2011|publisher=The National Institute for the Protection and Conservation of Monuments and Sites of the Czech Republic|language=cs}}</ref>

Špilberk Castle, originally a royal castle founded in the 13th century, was from the 17th century a fortress and feared prison (e.g. [[Carbonari]]). Today it is one of the city's principal monuments.<ref name="spilberkhist">{{cite web|url=http://www.spilberk.cz/?lang=en&pg=zobraz&co=spilberk-castle|title=Spilberk Castle – Špilberk, Brno Castle, the home of Brno City Museum|access-date=30 September 2011}}</ref><ref name=spilberk>{{cite web|url=http://www.spilberk.cz/?pg=zobraz&co=spilberk-castle |title=Spilberk Castle – history |publisher=Spilberk.cz |access-date=4 March 2010}}</ref>

Another key landmark is the [[Cathedral of St. Peter and Paul, Brno|Cathedral of St. Peter and Paul]], built during the 14th and 15th centuries in place of an 11th-century chapel.<ref name=brnopetrov>{{cite web |author=Statutory city of Brno |url=http://www2.brno.cz/index.php?lan=en&nav01=2222&nav02=6&obrazek=52 |title=City of Brno – Cathedral of Saints Peter and Paul |access-date=4 March 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090510025729/http://www.brno.cz/index.php?nav01=2222&nav02=6&lan=en&obrazek=52 |archive-date=10 May 2009 |url-status=dead  }}</ref> Its present form with two [[Gothic Revival architecture|neo-Gothic]] towers was completed in 1909. The other large castle near the city is [[Veveří Castle]].<ref name="veveri">{{cite web|url=http://brnonow.com/2011/05/boats-veveri/|title=Weekend trip tip: hike to Veveří castle, take a ferry boat back to Brno|access-date=7 September 2011}}</ref>

The [[St Thomas's Abbey, Brno|Abbey of Saint Thomas]] was the site of [[Gregor Mendel]]'s experiments establishing the new science of [[genetics]]. The [[Church of St. Tomas (Brno)|Church of Saint Tomas]] houses the tomb of its founder, [[John Henry, Margrave of Moravia|John Henry]] and his son [[Jobst of Moravia]], Margraves of Moravia. The [[Basilica of the Assumption of Our Lady, Brno|Basilica of the Assumption of Our Lady]] houses the grave of its founder Queen [[Elisabeth Richeza of Poland|Elisabeth Richeza]]. The [[Church of St. James (Brno)|Church of Saint James]] is one of the best preserved and most spectacular [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] churches in Brno.

[[File:Brno Parnas Fountain-02.jpg|thumb|The Vegetable Market with [[Parnas fountain]]]]
[[Brno Ossuary]] is the second largest [[ossuary]] in Europe,<ref name="ossuary">{{cite web|url=http://atlasobscura.com/place/brno-ossuary|title=Brno Ossuary located in Brno, Czech Republic|access-date=21 September 2011|publisher=Atlas Obscura}}</ref> after the [[Catacombs of Paris]]. Another ossuary is the [[Capuchin Crypt in Brno|Capuchin crypt]], with [[Mummy|mummies]] of Capuchin monks and some of the notable people of their era, including architect [[Mořic Grimm]] and the mercenary leader [[Baron Trenk]].<ref name="mumies">{{cite web|url=http://www.kapucini.cz/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=10:capcrypt&catid=7:englishbrno&Itemid=11 |title=Capuchin Crypt |publisher=The Capuchin Monastery in Brno |access-date=21 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425045442/http://www.kapucini.cz/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=10%3Acapcrypt&catid=7%3Aenglishbrno&Itemid=11 |archive-date=25 April 2012}}</ref> The [[Zelný trh#Labyrinth under Zelný trh|Labyrinth under Zelný trh]], a system of underground corridors and cellars dating back to the Middle Ages, has been recently opened to the public. These cellars have been used mainly for storing food, maturing beer and wine, and as wartime shelters. Originally, they were not interconnected as they are now – this happened later during the reconstruction in 2009.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-07|title=Tip for a Trips: Brno's Underground|publisher=Foreigners.cz|url=https://blog.foreigners.cz/tip-trip-brno-underground/|access-date=2020-10-13|website=blog.foreigners.cz}}</ref>

Brno is home to a functionalist Synagogue and the largest [[Jewish cemetery]] in Moravia. A Jewish population lived in Brno as early as the 13th century, and remnants of tombstones can be traced back to as early as 1349.<ref name="zob.cz">{{cite web|url=http://www.zob.cz/historie_en.html  |title=The History of the Jewish Community in Brno |language=cs |date=27 September 2007 |access-date=4 March 2010 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927132500/http://www.zob.cz/historie_en.html |archive-date = 27 September 2007}}</ref> The functionalist synagogue was built between 1934 and 1936.<ref name="zob.cz"/> While the Brno Jewish community numbered 12,000 in 1938, only 1,000 survived [[Nazi]] persecution during Germany's occupation in [[World War II]].<ref name="zob.cz"/> Today, the cemetery and synagogue are again maintained by a Brno Jewish community. The only Czech [[mosque]], founded in 1998, is also located in Brno.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mesita.cz/|title=Mešita Brno|access-date=4 October 2011|language=cs|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110523075858/http://www.mesita.cz/|archive-date=23 May 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The era between the world wars saw a building boom to the city, leaving it with many [[modern architecture|modern]] and especially [[Functionalism (architecture)|functionalist]] buildings,<ref name="functionalism">{{cite web|url=http://www.brno.cz/turista-volny-cas/funkcionalismus-a-moderni-architektura/|title=Brno – Funkcionalismus a moderní architektura|access-date=21 September 2011|language=cs|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928113040/http://www.brno.cz/turista-volny-cas/funkcionalismus-a-moderni-architektura/|archive-date=28 September 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://brno.idnes.cz/tvorba-architekta-funkcionalismu-fuchse-prinesla-novou-estetiku-1cd-/Brno-zpravy.aspx?c=A100326_1357876_brno-zpravy_dmk|title=Tvorba architekta funkcionalismu Fuchse přinesla novou estetiku – iDNES.cz|date=27 March 2010 |access-date=21 September 2011|language=cs}}</ref> the most celebrated being [[Villa Tugendhat]], designed by architect [[Ludwig Mies van der Rohe]] in the 1920s for the wealthy family of [[Fritz Tugendhat]], and finished in 1930. It was designated a [[World Heritage Site]] by [[UNESCO]] in 2001.<ref name=villa>{{cite web |author=Statutory city of Brno |url=http://www2.brno.cz/index.php?lan=en&nav01=2222&nav02=6&obrazek=59 |title=City of Brno – Villa Tugendhat |access-date=4 March 2010 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130210014553/http://www2.brno.cz/index.php?lan=en&nav01=2222&nav02=6&obrazek=59 |archive-date=10 February 2013 |url-status=dead  }}</ref> Another renowned architect who significantly shaped Brno was [[Arnošt Wiesner]].<ref name=czecot>{{cite web |url=http://www.czecot.com/en/?id_tema=328 |title=Tourist Portal of the Czech Republic – Interwar architecture in Brno |publisher=Czecot.com |date=15 February 2006 |access-date=4 March 2010 |archive-date=25 March 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060325112357/http://www.czecot.com/en/?id_tema=328 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=leisure>Karrie Jacobs, ''Discovering Brno's architecture'', in ''Travel + Leisure'', November 2005, [http://www.travelandleisure.com/articles/form-and-function/1 available online]</ref><ref name=komor>{{cite web |author=webProgress.cz |url=http://www.kdpcr.cz/article.asp?nArticleID=2245&nLanguageID=2 |title=The Chamber of Tax Advisers of the Czech Republic – Some information about Brno |publisher=Kdpcr.cz |access-date=4 March 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718174238/http://www.kdpcr.cz/article.asp?nArticleID=2245&nLanguageID=2 |archive-date=18 July 2011 |url-status=dead  }}</ref> Other functionalist buildings include the [[Avion Hotel]] and [[Morava Palace]]. The [[Brno Exhibition Centre]] is the city's main attraction for international business visitors, visited by over one million visitors each year, and hosting over 40 professional trade fairs and business conferences.

[[Lužánky]] is the oldest public park in the Czech Republic, established in the late 18th century by the emperor of the [[Austro-Hungarian Empire]].<ref name="luzanky">{{cite web|url=http://www2.brno.cz/index.php?nav01=33&nav02=4024&nav03=1530&nav04=3879&nav05=1532&nav06=1543|title=Park Lužánky – Statutární město Brno|publisher=Statutory City of Brno|access-date=21 September 2011|language=cs}}</ref> [[Denis Gardens (Brno)|Denis Gardens]] were founded in the early 19th century and were the first public park in the present-day Czech Republic founded by public authorities.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www2.brno.cz/index.php?nav01=2222&nav02=6&nav03=6&obrazek=3170|title=park Denisovy sady – Přehled kulturních památek – Statutární město Brno|access-date=21 September 2011|publisher=Statutory City of Brno|language=cs|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130210033229/http://www2.brno.cz/index.php?nav01=2222&nav02=6&nav03=6&obrazek=3170|archive-date=10 February 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Špilberk Park]] is classified as a national cultural sight of the Czech Republic, as a unique piece of landscape architecture.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.europointbrno.cz/index.php?nav01=33&nav02=4024&nav03=1530&nav04=3879&nav05=1532&nav06=1542|title=Park Špilberk – Statutární město Brno|access-date=21 September 2011|publisher=Statutory City of Brno|language=cs}}</ref>

One of Brno's more recent additions is the [[Brno astronomical clock]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Howard |first=Cheryl |date=2023-03-20 |title=The Phallic-Looking Brno Astronomical Clock |url=https://cherylhoward.com/brno-astronomical-clock/ |access-date=2024-11-01 |website=cherylhoward.com |language=en-CA}}</ref>

The [[AZ Tower]], opened in 2013 and {{convert|111|m|ft}} tall, is the tallest building in the Czech Republic.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Skyscraper Center |url=https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/country/czech-republic |access-date=2024-11-01 |website=www.skyscrapercenter.com}}</ref>