Editing Black people (section)

====Spain====
[[File:Book of chess, dice and boards, 0022R, Berbers playing chess.jpg|thumb|1283 A.D. Miniature from [[Alfonso X of Castile|Alfonso X]]'s ''Book of chess, dice and boards''. African Muslims playing chess. The book also has pictures of white and Arab Muslims playing chess in [[al-Andalus]]ia. Europeans loosely called the invading Muslims ''Moors'', blending the name for both people of Arab and Berber ancestry.<ref name=Randall>{{cite book|title=Race|author=John Randall Baker|page=[https://archive.org/details/race00bake/page/226 226]|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|url=https://archive.org/details/race00bake|url-access=registration|quote=In one sense the word 'Moor' means Mohammedan Berbers and Arabs of North-western Africa, with some Syrians, who conquered most of Spain in the 8th century and dominated the country for hundreds of years.|year=1974|isbn=978-0-19-212954-3|author-link=John Baker (biologist)}}</ref><ref name=Blackmore>{{cite book|last=Blackmore|first=Josiah|title=Moorings: Portuguese Expansion and the Writing of Africa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iRNFebS_mUIC|year=2009|publisher=University of Minnesota Press|isbn=978-0-8166-4832-0|pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=iRNFebS_mUIC&pg=PR16 xvi], [https://books.google.com/books?id=iRNFebS_mUIC&pg=PA18 18]}}</ref><ref>{{cite thesis |title= LITERARY CARTOGRAPHIES OF SPAIN: MAPPING IDENTITY IN AFRICAN AMERICAN TRAVEL WRITING |last= Ramos |first= Maria Christina |date= 2011 | publisher= Graduate School of the University of Maryland |place= College Park, Maryland |page= 42 |url= http://drum.lib.umd.edu/bitstream/1903/12049/1/Ramos_umd_0117E_12042.pdf |quote= Early in the history of al-Andalus, Moor signified "Berber" as a geographic and ethnic identity.  Later writing, however, from twelfth-and thirteenth-century Christian kingdoms, demonstrates the "transformation of Moor from a term signifying Berber into a general term referring primarily to Muslims (regardless of ethnicity) living in recently conquered Christian lands and secondarily to those residing in what was still left of al-Andalus."}}</ref> ]]
{{Main|Afro-Spaniard}}
The term "[[Moors]]" has been used in Europe in a broader, somewhat derogatory sense to refer to [[Muslim]]s,<ref name="Menocal, María Rosa 2002 page 241">Menocal, María Rosa (2002). ''Ornament of the World: How Muslims, Jews and Christians Created a Culture of Tolerance in Medieval Spain'', Little, Brown, & Co., p. 241. {{ISBN|0-316-16871-8}}.</ref> especially those of [[Arab people|Arab]] or [[Berber people|Berber]] ancestry, whether living in North Africa or Iberia.<ref name=Randall/> Moors were not a distinct or [[ethnonym|self-defined]] people.<ref>{{cite thesis |title= LITERARY CARTOGRAPHIES OF SPAIN: MAPPING IDENTITY IN AFRICAN AMERICAN TRAVEL WRITING |last= Ramos |first= Maria Christina |date= 2011 | publisher= Graduate School of the University of Maryland |place= College Park, Maryland |page= 42 |url= http://drum.lib.umd.edu/bitstream/1903/12049/1/Ramos_umd_0117E_12042.pdf |quote= Andalusi Arabic sources, as opposed to later [[Mudéjar]] and [[Morisco]] sources in Aljamiado and medieval Spanish texts, neither refer to individuals as Moors nor recognize any such group, community or culture}}</ref> Medieval and early modern Europeans applied the name to Muslim Arabs, Berbers, Sub-Saharan Africans and Europeans alike.<ref name=Blackmore/>

[[Isidore of Seville]], writing in the 7th century, claimed that the [[Latin]] word Maurus was derived from the [[Greek language|Greek]] ''mauron'', μαύρον, which is the Greek word for "black". Indeed, by the time Isidore of Seville came to write his ''Etymologies'', the word Maurus or "Moor" had become an adjective in Latin, "for the Greeks call black, mauron". "In Isidore's day, Moors were black by definition..."<ref>Jonathan Conant, ''Staying Roman: Conquest and Identity in Africa and the Mediterranean'', Cambridge University Press, 2012, pp. 439–700.</ref>

Afro-Spaniards are [[Spanish nationality law|Spanish nationals]] of [[West Africa|West]]/[[Central Africa]]n ancestry. Today, they mainly come from [[Cameroon]], [[Equatorial Guinea]], [[Ghana]], [[Gambia]], [[Mali]], [[Nigeria]] and Senegal. Additionally, many Afro-Spaniards born in Spain are from the former Spanish colony [[Equatorial Guinea]]. Today, there are an estimated 683,000 Afro-Spaniards in [[Spain]].