Editing Barcelona (section)

== Economy ==
=== General information ===
[[File:Torre_Glòries,_Barcelona_(51351746585).jpg|thumb|[[Torre Glòries]] and the [[22@Barcelona]] business and innovation district]]

The Barcelona metropolitan area comprises over 66% of the people of Catalonia, one of the richer regions in Europe and the fourth richest region per capita in Spain, with a GDP per capita amounting to €28,400 (16% more than [[Economy of the European Union#Richest and poorest NUTS regions (GDP PPP 2010)|the EU average]]). The greater Barcelona metropolitan area had a [[List of cities by GDP|GDP amounting to $177&nbsp;billion]] (equivalent to $34,821 in per capita terms, 44% more than the EU average), making it the 4th most economically powerful city by gross GDP in the European Union, and 35th in the world in 2009.<ref name="pricewater">{{cite web |url=https://www.ukmediacenter.pwc.com/imagelibrary/downloadMedia.ashx?MediaDetailsID=1562 |title=Global city GDP rankings 2008–2025 |publisher=Pricewaterhouse Coopers |access-date=16 December 2009}}{{Dead link|date=February 2016}}</ref> Barcelona city had a very high GDP of €80,894 per head in 2004, according to [[Eurostat]].<ref name="urbanaudit.org">[http://www.urbanaudit.org/CityProfiles.aspx?CityCode=ES002C&CountryCode=ES Urban Audit – CityProfiles: Barcelona] – Eurostat, 2004 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130723093909/http://www.urbanaudit.org/CityProfiles.aspx?CityCode=ES002C&CountryCode=ES |date=23 July 2013 }}</ref> Furthermore, Barcelona was Europe's fourth best business city and fastest improving European city, with growth improved by 17% per year {{As of|2009|lc=y}}.<ref name="BEBC">{{cite web |url=http://www.citymayors.com/business/euro_bizcities.html |title=Best European business cities |publisher=City Mayors |date=28 October 2009 |access-date=15 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130723081225/http://www.citymayors.com/business/euro_bizcities.html |archive-date=23 July 2013}}</ref>

Barcelona was the [[World's most livable cities#Most Liveable Cities Index|24th most "livable city" in the world]] in 2015 according to lifestyle magazine ''[[Monocle (2007 magazine)|Monocle]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://monocle.com/film/affairs/the-monocle-quality-of-life-survey-2015/ |work=Monocle |date=2015 |access-date=25 November 2017 |title=The Monocle Quality of Life Survey 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203045951/https://monocle.com/film/affairs/the-monocle-quality-of-life-survey-2015/ |archive-date=3 December 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Similarly, according to Innovation Analysts 2thinknow, Barcelona occupies 13th place in the world on ''Innovation Cities™ Global Index''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.innovation-cities.com/2thinknow-innovation-cities-global-256-index/ |title=Independent city analysis and rankings for innovation in 2009 |access-date=1 August 2009 |publisher=2thinknow |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140409165153/http://www.innovation-cities.com/2thinknow-innovation-cities-global-256-index/ |archive-date=9 April 2014}}</ref> At the same time it is according to the Global Wealth and Lifestyle Report 2020 one of the most affordable cities in the world for a luxury lifestyle.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://guaproperty.com/2020/01/28/a-luxury-lifestyle-is-more-affordable-in-spain-than-almost-anywhere-else-in-the-world-finds-new-report/ |title=A Luxury Lifestyle Is More Affordable In Spain Than Almost Anywhere Else In The World, Finds New Report |access-date=23 September 2020 |publisher=Gua |archive-date=17 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117033043/https://guaproperty.com/2020/01/28/a-luxury-lifestyle-is-more-affordable-in-spain-than-almost-anywhere-else-in-the-world-finds-new-report/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Barcelona has a long-standing mercantile tradition. Less well known is that the city industrialized early, taking off in 1833, when Catalonia's already sophisticated textile industry began to use steam power. It became the first and most important industrial city in the Mediterranean basin. Since then, manufacturing has played a large role in its history.

[[Borsa de Barcelona]] (Barcelona Stock Exchange) is the main stock exchange in the northeastern part of the Iberian Peninsula.

Barcelona was recognized as the Southern European City of the Future for 2014/15, based on its economic potential,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://w42.bcn.cat/web/en/noticies-i-premsa/noticies/actives/Barcelona-recognized-as-the-top-Southern-European-city-with-future-economic-potential.jsp |title=Barcelona, recognised as the top Southern European city with future economic potential |date=5 March 2014 |access-date=11 April 2014 |website=Barcelona Growth |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413160012/http://w42.bcn.cat/web/en/noticies-i-premsa/noticies/actives/Barcelona-recognized-as-the-top-Southern-European-city-with-future-economic-potential.jsp |archive-date=13 April 2014}}</ref> by ''[[FDi Magazine]]'' in their bi-annual rankings.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.fdiintelligence.com/Locations/Europe/European-Cities-and-Regions-of-the-Future-2014-15 |title=European Cities and Regions of the Future 2014/15 |date=17 February 2014 |access-date=11 April 2014 |work=fDi Magazine |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141112110111/http://www.fdiintelligence.com/Locations/Europe/European-Cities-and-Regions-of-the-Future-2014-15 |archive-date=12 November 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Trade fair and exhibitions ===
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It also has several congress halls, notably [[Fira de Barcelona]] – the second largest trade fair and exhibition centre in Europe, that host a quickly growing number of national and international events each year (at present above 50). The total exhibition floor space of Fira de Barcelona venues is {{cvt|405000|m2|ha|0}}, not counting [[Gran Via (Barcelona)|Gran Via centre]] on the [[Plaza de Europa]]. However, the [[Eurozone crisis]] and deep cuts in business travel affected the council's positioning of the city as a convention centre.

An important business centre, the [[World Trade Center Barcelona]], is located in Barcelona's [[Port Vell]] harbour.

The city is known for hosting well as world-class conferences and expositions, including the 1888 ''[[Exposición Universal de Barcelona]]'', the [[1929 Barcelona International Exposition]] (Expo 1929), the [[2004 Universal Forum of Cultures]] and the 2004 [[World Urban Forum]].<ref>{{cite web |title=World Urban Forum 2004 |url=http://mirror.unhabitat.org/categories.asp?catid=467 |access-date=1 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150315031755/http://mirror.unhabitat.org/categories.asp?catid=467 |archive-date=15 March 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Tourism ===
[[File:14-08-05-barcelona-RalfR-022.jpg|thumb|left|Part of the beach promenade and the beach of ''La Barceloneta'' towards [[Port Olimpic]]]]
[[File:Beaches of Barcelona, Spain (51226454918).jpg|thumb|left|Beaches of Barcelona]]

Barcelona was the 20th-most-visited city in the world by international visitors and the fifth most visited city in Europe after London, Paris, Istanbul and Rome, with 5.5&nbsp;million international visitors in 2011.<ref>{{cite web |title=Top 100 Cities Destination Ranking |date=21 January 2013 |url=http://blog.euromonitor.com/2013/01/top-100-cities-destination-ranking.html |publisher=blog.euromonitor.com |access-date=24 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160301191705/http://blog.euromonitor.com/2013/01/top-100-cities-destination-ranking.html |archive-date=1 March 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> By 2015, both Prague and Milan had more international visitors.<ref>{{cite web |title=Irresistible cities: World's 25 top tourism destinations |date=28 January 2016 |url=https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/most-visited-cities-euromonitor-2016/index.html |publisher=CNN |access-date=24 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160407100200/http://edition.cnn.com/2016/01/28/travel/most-visited-cities-euromonitor-2016/ |archive-date=7 April 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> With its popular tree-lined pedestrian street, [[La Rambla, Barcelona|Les Rambles]] (Las Ramblas), Barcelona is ranked the most popular city to visit in Spain.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://gospain.about.com/od/topspanishcities/a/topspanishcity.htm |title=Best Spanish Cities |publisher=Gospain.about.com |date=25 March 2014 |access-date=30 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410225548/http://gospain.about.com/od/topspanishcities/a/topspanishcity.htm |archive-date=10 April 2014}}</ref>

Barcelona is an internationally renowned tourist destination, with numerous recreational areas, one of the best beaches in the world,<ref name=NationalGeographic/><ref name="discoverychannel">Movie "Worlds Best Beaches", Discovery Channel 2005</ref> mild and warm climate, historical monuments, including eight UNESCO [[World Heritage Site]]s, 519 hotels {{as of|2016|March|lc=y}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tripadvisor.es/Hotels-g187497-Barcelona_Catalonia-Hotels.html |title=Los 10 mejores hoteles en Barcelona 2016 – TripAdvisor – Precios y opiniones |work=tripadvisor.es |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160323075044/https://www.tripadvisor.es/Hotels-g187497-Barcelona_Catalonia-Hotels.html |archive-date=23 March 2016}}</ref> including 35 five-star hotels,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tripadvisor.es/Hotels-g187497-zfc5-Barcelona_Catalonia-Hotels.html |title=10 mejores hoteles de 5 estrellas en Barcelona – TripAdvisor |work=tripadvisor.es |access-date=23 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160407073227/https://www.tripadvisor.es/Hotels-g187497-zfc5-Barcelona_Catalonia-Hotels.html |archive-date=7 April 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> and developed tourist infrastructure.

Due to its large influx of tourists each year, Barcelona, like many other tourism capitals, has to deal with pickpockets, with wallets and passports being commonly stolen items. Despite its moderate pickpocket rate, Barcelona is considered one of the safest cities in terms of security and personal safety,<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/the-20-safest-cities-in-the-world-2015-1 |title=20 Of The Safest Cities In The World |newspaper=Business Insider |access-date=12 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161224161443/http://www.businessinsider.com/the-20-safest-cities-in-the-world-2015-1 |archive-date=24 December 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> mainly because of a sophisticated policing strategy that has dropped crime by 32% in just over three years and has led it to be considered the 15th safest city in the world by ''[[Business Insider]]'' in 2016.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/the-15-safest-cities-in-the-world-2016-12 |title=The 15 safest cities in the world |newspaper=Business Insider |access-date=12 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161208023104/http://uk.businessinsider.com/the-15-safest-cities-in-the-world-2016-12/#15-barcelona-7516-three-years-ago-the-barcelona-city-council-decided-to-increase-the-police-presence-on-the-streets-and-in-the-subway-the-strategy-has-yielded-results-with-crime-falling-by-32-1 |archive-date=8 December 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Street art in Barcelona 02.jpg|thumb|Street art rejecting tourists]]
While tourism produces economic benefits, according to one report,{{Citation needed|reason=Which report?|date=July 2020}} the city is "overrun [by] hordes of tourists". In early 2017, over 150,000 protesters warned that tourism is destabilizing the city. Slogans included "Tourists go home", "Barcelona is not for sale" and "We will not be driven out". By then, the number of visitors had increased from 1.7&nbsp;million in 1990 to 32 million in a city with a population of 1.62&nbsp;million, increasing the cost of rental housing for residents and overcrowding the public places. While tourists spent an estimated €30&nbsp;billion in 2017, they are viewed by some as a threat to Barcelona's identity.<ref>{{cite news |last=Burgen |first=Stephen |date=25 June 2018 |title='Tourists go home, refugees welcome': why Barcelona chose migrants over visitors |url=https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2018/jun/25/tourists-go-home-refugees-welcome-why-barcelona-chose-migrants-over-visitors |work=The Guardian |location=London |access-date=3 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180902145924/https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2018/jun/25/tourists-go-home-refugees-welcome-why-barcelona-chose-migrants-over-visitors |archive-date=2 September 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

A May 2017 article in the British online daily ''[[The Independent]]'' included Barcelona among the "Eight Places That Hate Tourists the Most" and included a comment from Mayor [[Ada Colau]], "We don't want the city to become a cheap souvenir shop", citing Venice as an example.<ref name=coffey/> To moderate the problem, the city has stopped issuing licenses for new hotels and holiday apartments; it also fined AirBnb €30,000. The mayor has suggested introducing a new tourist tax and setting a limit on the number of visitors.<ref name=coffey>{{cite news |last=Coffey |first=Helen |date=15 May 2017 |title=Eight Places That Hate Tourists the Most |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/news-and-advice/places-hate-tourist-the-most-countries-ban-visitors-venice-thailand-amsterdam-japan-onsen-santorini-a7733136.html |work=The Independent |location=London |access-date=3 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180903191513/https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/news-and-advice/places-hate-tourist-the-most-countries-ban-visitors-venice-thailand-amsterdam-japan-onsen-santorini-a7733136.html |archive-date=3 September 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> One industry insider, Justin Francis, founder of the [[responsibletravel.com|Responsible Travel]] agency, stated that steps must be taken to limit the number of visitors that are causing an "overtourism crisis" in several major European cities. "Ultimately, residents must be prioritised over tourists for housing, infrastructure and access to services because they have a long-term stake in the city's success", he said.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hunt |first=Ellen |date=17 July 2018 |title=Residents in tourism hotspots have had enough. So what's the answer? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2018/jul/17/residents-in-tourism-hotspots-have-had-enough-so-whats-the-answer |work=The Guardian |location=London |access-date=3 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180902150429/https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2018/jul/17/residents-in-tourism-hotspots-have-had-enough-so-whats-the-answer |archive-date=2 September 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> "Managing tourism more responsibly can help", Francis later told a journalist, "but some destinations may just have too many tourists, and Barcelona may be a case of that".<ref>{{cite news |last=Dogshun |first=Joe |date=7 March 2018 |title=Europe's beauty spots plot escape from the too-many-tourists trap |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/mar/07/europes-beauty-spots-plot-escape-from-the-too-many-tourists-trap |work=The Guardian |location=London |access-date=3 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180901191835/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/mar/07/europes-beauty-spots-plot-escape-from-the-too-many-tourists-trap |archive-date=1 September 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Manufacturing sector ===
Industry generates 21% of the total gross domestic product (GDP) of the region,<ref>[http://www.idescat.cat/territ/BasicTerr?TC=8&V3=1538&V4=1540&ALLINFO=TRUE&PARENT=100&V0=3&V1=0&CTX=B&VN=3&VOK=Confirmar "''Valor afegit brut a preus bàsics. Base 2000 Per sectors (%)''" (en: "''Gross value added at basic prices. Base by sector (%)''")] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410224648/http://www.idescat.cat/territ/BasicTerr?TC=8&V3=1538&V4=1540&ALLINFO=TRUE&PARENT=100&V0=3&V1=0&CTX=B&VN=3&VOK=Confirmar |date=10 April 2014 }} – [[Institut d'Estadística de Catalunya|Idescat]], 2008</ref> with the energy, chemical and metallurgy industries accounting for 47% of industrial production.<ref>[http://www.idescat.cat/territ/BasicTerr?TC=5&V0=3&V1=0&V3=1538&V4=1541&ALLINFO=TRUE&PARENT=100&CTX=B "''Valor afegit brut. Indústria per branques d'activitat (%)''" (en: "''Gross Value Added. Branches of industry (%)''")] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410224253/http://www.idescat.cat/territ/BasicTerr?TC=5&V0=3&V1=0&V3=1538&V4=1541&ALLINFO=TRUE&PARENT=100&CTX=B |date=10 April 2014 }} – [[Institut d'Estadística de Catalunya|Idescat]], 2008</ref> The Barcelona metropolitan area had 67% of the total number of industrial establishments in Catalonia as of 1997.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.grec.cat/home/errors/notrobat.htm |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130306051759/http://www.grec.cat/home/errors/notrobat.htm |url-status=dead |title=:: GREC.NET - |date=6 March 2013 |archive-date=6 March 2013 |access-date=18 August 2017}}</ref>

Barcelona has long been an important European automobile manufacturing centre. Formerly there were automobile factories of [[AFA (automobile)|AFA]], [[Abadal]], Actividades Industriales, Alvarez, [[America (Spanish automobile)|America]], Artés de Arcos, Balandrás, Baradat-Esteve, [[Biscúter]], J. Castro, [[Clúa]], [[David (car)|David]], Delfín, Díaz y Grilló, [[Ebro trucks]], {{interlanguage link|Edis (automobile)|lt=Edis|ca|Edis}}, [[Elizalde (automobile)|Elizalde]], Automóviles España, [[Eucort]], [[El Fenix (automobile)|Fenix]], Fábrica Hispano, Auto Academia Garriga, Fábrica Española de Automóviles Hebe, [[Hispano-Suiza]], Huracán Motors, Talleres Hereter, Junior SL, [[Kapi (car)|Kapi]], [[La Cuadra]], M.A., Automóviles Matas, Motores y Motos, Nacional Custals, [[National Pescara]], Nacional RG, Nacional Rubi, Nacional Sitjes, Automóviles Nike, Orix, [[Otro Ford]], Patria, [[Pegaso]], [[PTV (car)|PTV]], Ricart, Ricart-España, Industrias Salvador, Siata Española, Stevenson, Romagosa y Compañía, Garaje Storm, Talleres Hereter, Trimak, Automóviles Victoria, Manufacturas Mecánicas Aleu.<ref>"''Die große Automobil-Enzyklopädie''" – Harald H. Linz, Halwart Schrader, BLV, Munich 1986, {{ISBN|978-3-405-12974-3}}</ref><ref>"''The Beaulieu Encyclopedia of the Automobile''" – [[Nick Georgano]], Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, Chicago 2001, {{ISBN|978-1-57958-293-7}}</ref>

Today, the headquarters and a large factory of [[SEAT]] (the largest Spanish automobile manufacturer) are in one of its suburbs. There is also a [[Nissan Motors|Nissan]] factory in the [[Zona Franca (Barcelona)|logistics and industrial area]] of the city.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nissan-global.com/EN/COMPANY/PROFILE/EN_ESTABLISHMENT/EUROPE/ |title=NISSAN &#124;CORPORATE INFORMATION &#124;Outline of Company &#124;Facilities Overseas &#124;Europe |publisher=Nissan-global.com |access-date=30 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100419053449/http://www.nissan-global.com/EN/COMPANY/PROFILE/EN_ESTABLISHMENT/EUROPE/ |archive-date=19 April 2010}}</ref> The factory of [[Derbi]], a large manufacturer of motorcycles, scooters and mopeds, also lies near the city.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.derbi.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=25&Itemid=191 |title=Cómo llegar |publisher=Derbi |access-date=30 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410223719/http://www.derbi.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=25&Itemid=191 |archive-date=10 April 2014}}</ref>

As in other modern cities, the [[Secondary sector of the economy|manufacturing sector]] has long since been overtaken by the services sector, though it remains very important. The region's leading industries are textiles, chemical, [[pharmaceutical]], motor, electronic, printing, logistics, publishing, in telecommunications industry and culture the notable [[Mobile World Congress]], and information technology services.

=== Fashion ===
[[File:Pasarela The Brandery 2.jpg|thumb|right| [[The Brandery]] fashion show of 2011]]
{{main|Fashion in Barcelona}}
The traditional importance of textiles is reflected in Barcelona's drive to become a major fashion centre. There have been many attempts to launch Barcelona as a [[Fashion in Barcelona|fashion capital]], notably ''Gaudi Home''.{{citation needed|reason=who or what is Gaudi Home; need cite for it and more info|date=January 2014}}

Beginning in the summer of 2000, the city hosted the [[Bread & Butter (tradeshow)|Bread & Butter urban fashion fair]] until 2009, when its organizers announced that it would be returning to [[Berlin]]. This was a hard blow for the city as the fair brought €100&nbsp;m to the city in just three days.<ref>{{cite news |title=La feria de moda urbana Bread and Butter deja Barcelona |author=Blanco, Leticia |work=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]] |date=20 January 2009 |url=http://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2009/01/19/barcelona/1232400722.html |access-date=22 July 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113115745/http://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2009/01/19/barcelona/1232400722.html |archive-date=13 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work=[[El Periódico de Catalunya|El Periódico]] |title=El presidente del Bread&Butter confirma oficialmente que la feria abandona Barcelona |author=EFE |author-link=EFE |date=23 January 2009 |url=http://www.elperiodico.com/default.asp?idpublicacio_PK=46&idioma=CAS&idtipusrecurs_PK=7&idnoticia_PK=580966 |quote=[Karl Heinz Muller, the entrepreneur behind B&B in announcing the move in a press conference held on January 23, 2009 said] No llores Barcelona, levántate y haz algo [don't cry Barcelona, get up and do something about it] Barcelona in Europe is a metropolis of fashion. |access-date=22 July 2009}}</ref>

From 2009, ''[[The Brandery]]'', an urban fashion show, was held in Barcelona twice a year until 2012. According to the [[Global Language Monitor]]'s annual ranking of the world's top fifty fashion capitals Barcelona was named as the seventh most important [[fashion capital]] of the world right after [[Milan]] and before [[Berlin]] in 2015.<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20170606064947/http://www.languagemonitor.com/fashion/paris-towers-over-world-of-fashion-as-top-global-fashion-capital-for-2015/ "Paris Towers Over World of Fashion as Top Global Fashion Capital for 2015"]}}, retrieved 12 June 2017.</ref>