Editing Avianca (section)

==Accidents and incidents==
{{More citations needed|section|date=May 2023}}
The airline suffered a few incidents during the 1980s and early 1990s. The deadliest of those incidents was [[Avianca Flight 011]], which crashed in 1983.

*On January 22, 1947, a [[Douglas C-53]]B (registered C-108), crashed in the Magdalena River valley, killing all 17 people on board.<ref>{{ASN accident|title=C-108|id=19470122-0|access-date=1 July 2013}}</ref>
*On August 9, 1954, a [[Lockheed L-749A]] (registered HK-163), crashed three minutes after takeoff from [[Lajes Field]], [[Azores]], after it flew left into the hills instead of right towards the sea. All 30 on board died.<ref>{{ASN accident|title=HK-163|id=19540809-0|access-date=27 May 2012}}</ref>
*On March 9, 1955, a [[Douglas C-47A]] (registered HK-328), crashed at [[Trujillo, Valle del Cauca|Trujillo, Colombia]], killing all eight on board. The wreckage was found a month later, but some of the gold and cargo were missing.<ref>{{ASN accident|title= HK-328|id= 19550309-0|access-date= 1 July 2013}}</ref>
*On June 23, 1959, a [[Douglas DC-4]] (registered HK-135), operating as Flight 667, struck Cerro Baco mountain while en route to [[Lima]], [[Peru]], killing all 14 aboard.<ref>{{ASN accident|title=HK-135|id=19590623-0|access-date=1 July 2013}}</ref>
*On January 21, 1960, [[Avianca Flight 671]], a [[Lockheed L-1049]]E, crashed and burned on landing at [[Sangster International Airport]] in Jamaica, killing 37 aboard.<ref>Jamaica Observer, [http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/html/20090422T000000-0500_149943_OBS_FROM_AVIANCA_TO_CANJET__MOBAY_AIRPORT_AT_CENTRE_OF_J_CAN_AVIATION_HISTORY.asp "From Avianca to CanJet: MoBay Airport at Centre of J'can Aviation History"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090422230154/http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/html/20090422T000000-0500_149943_OBS_FROM_AVIANCA_TO_CANJET__MOBAY_AIRPORT_AT_CENTRE_OF_J_CAN_AVIATION_HISTORY.asp |date=2009-04-22 }}, 22 April 2009 . Retrieved 25 April 2009.</ref>
*On March 22, 1965, a [[Douglas C-47]]DL, (registered HK-109), operating Flight 676, struck Pan de Azucar at an elevation of {{Convert|7200|ft|m}}, killing all 29 on board. The cause was the decision of the pilot to fly VFR in conditions that required IFR.<ref>{{ASN accident|title=HK-109|id=19650322-0|access-date=1 July 2013}}</ref>
*On January 15, 1966, [[Avianca Flight 03]] crashed shortly after takeoff from [[Rafael Núñez International Airport]]. The cause was determined to be maintenance problems, possibly compounded by pilot error.
*On September 22, 1966, a [[Douglas DC-4]] (registered HK-174), operating Flight 870, crashed while attempting to return to Eldorado Airport due to engine problems, killing both pilots. The cause was traced to a failure in the governor control unit. Improper supervision by the company was a contributing factor, as the pilot was briefed to make a night flight while he was in conversion training for the L-749.<ref>{{ASN accident|title=HK-174|id=19660922-0|access-date=1 July 2013}}</ref> 
*On December 24, 1966, a [[Douglas C-47A]] (registered HK-161), operating Flight 729, struck Cerro Las Animas at an elevation of {{Convert|11600|ft|m}} while approaching Pasto, killing all 29 on board. A combination of poor [[Crew resource management|CRM]], pilot intoxication, deviation from route, and pilot error was cited as the cause.<ref>{{ASN accident|title=CCCP-M25|id=19661224-2|access-date=1 July 2013}}</ref>
*On 26 April 1967, a [[Douglas C-47 Skytrain|Douglas C-47]]DL (registered HK-326) crashed after takeoff from [[Alberto Lleras Camargo Airport]], killing 17 of 18 onboard.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://asn.flightsafety.org/asndb/332146|title=Accident Douglas C-47-DL (DC-3) HK-326, Wednesday 26 April 1967|website=Aviation Safety Network}}</ref>
*On May 21, 1970, a [[Douglas DC-3]], (registered HK-121), was [[Aircraft hijacking|hijacked]] to [[Yariguíes Airport]], [[Barrancabermeja]] whilst on a flight from [[El Alcaraván Airport]], [[Yopal]] to [[Alberto Lleras Camargo Airport]], [[Sogamoso]]. The hijackers had demanded to be taken to [[Cuba]].<ref name=ASN210570b>{{cite web|url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19700521-1|title=Hijacking description|publisher=Aviation Safety Network|access-date=20 October 2010}}</ref>
*On July 29, 1972, two [[Douglas DC-3|Douglas DC-3A]], registered HK-107 and HK-1341, were involved in a [[1972 Las Palomas mid-air collision|mid-air collision]] over the Las Palomas Mountains. Both aircraft crashed, killing 21 people on HK-107 and 17 people on HK-1341. Both aircraft were operating domestic scheduled passenger flights from [[La Vanguardia Airport]], [[Villavicencio]] to [[El Alcaraván Airport]], [[Yopal]].<ref name=ASN290772a>{{cite web|url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19720729-2|title=HK-107 Accident description|publisher=Aviation Safety Network|access-date=5 September 2010}}</ref><ref name=ASN290772b>{{cite web|url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19720729-1|title=HK-1341 Accident description|publisher=Aviation Safety Network |access-date=5 September 2010}}</ref>
*On August 22, 1973, a [[Douglas DC-3A]] (registered HK-111), crashed into a hill near the [[Casanare Department]], killing 16 of the 17 people on board. The aircraft was operating a domestic scheduled passenger flight from [[La Vanguardia Airport]], [[Villavicencio]] to [[El Alcaraván Airport]], [[Yopal]].<ref name=ASN220873>{{cite web|url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19730822-0|title=HK-111 Accident description|publisher=Aviation Safety Network|access-date=26 August 2010}}</ref>
*On August 12, 1974, a [[Douglas C-47]] (registered HK-508) flew into Trujillo Mountain, killing all 27 people on board. The aircraft was on a domestic scheduled passenger flight from [[El Dorado International Airport|El Dorado Airport]], Bogotá to [[La Florida Airport (Colombia)|La Florida Airport]], [[Tumaco]].<ref name=ASN120874>{{cite web|url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19740812-0 |title=HK-508 Accident description|publisher=Aviation Safety Network|access-date=24 August 2010}}</ref>
*On November 27, 1983, [[Avianca Flight 011]](1983), a [[Boeing 747-200M]] (registered HK-2910X) crashed into a mountain just short of landing at [[Madrid Barajas Airport]] in [[Madrid]], killing 181 of the 192 people aboard. The cause was determined to be [[pilot error]].{{citation needed|date=May 2023}}
*On March 17, 1988, [[Avianca Flight 410]], a [[Boeing 727-100]] (registered HK-1716) crashed into low mountains near [[Cúcuta]] - [[Norte de Santander Department]] after take-off, killing all 143 on board. It was determined that pilot error was also the cause of this crash, in a situation similar to Flight 011.{{citation needed|date=May 2023}}
*On November 27, 1989, a bomb destroyed [[Avianca Flight 203]]. All 107 passengers and crew and 3 people on the ground were killed. The bombing had been ordered by [[Pablo Escobar]] to kill presidential candidate [[César Gaviria Trujillo]]. In the aftermath, it was discovered that Gaviria had not boarded the aircraft.{{citation needed|date=May 2023}}
*On January 25, 1990, [[Avianca Flight 052]], a [[Boeing 707-320C]] (registered HK-2016) en route from Bogotá to [[New York City]] via [[Medellín]] crashed in [[Cove Neck, New York]], after running out of fuel while in a [[holding (aviation)|holding pattern]] for at New York's [[John F. Kennedy International Airport]], killing 73 of the 158 people aboard.
*On April 26, 1990, [[19th of April Movement]] presidential candidate [[Carlos Pizarro]] was gunned down during a domestic Avianca flight.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+co0011)|title=Colombia|publisher=Lcweb2.loc.gov|access-date=18 December 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/2138929.stm|title=Americas &#124; Massive security at Colombia's airports|work=BBC News|date=19 July 2002|access-date=18 December 2010}}</ref><!--BBC's story flaws, any suggestions? Use it or remove it?-->
*On April 12, 1999, [[Avianca Flight 9463]], a [[Fokker 50]] (registered PH-MXT), from Bogotá to [[Bucaramanga]] was hijacked by six [[National Liberation Army (Colombia)|ELN]] members, who forced the plane to make an emergency landing on a clandestine runway in the [[Bolívar Department]]. One passenger died during captivity, the rest were eventually liberated a year after the hijacking.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.colombia.noticiasabc.com/2009/04/12/recordando-los-10-anos-del-secuestro-del-fokker-de-avianca-2/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130105004954/http://www.colombia.noticiasabc.com/2009/04/12/recordando-los-10-anos-del-secuestro-del-fokker-de-avianca-2/|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 January 2013|title=Recordando los 10 años del secuestro del Fokker de Avianca|publisher=Noticias ABC colombia|access-date=19 November 2012 }}</ref>