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==Notable contributions== {{Main list|List of Asian Americans|List of Asian-American firsts}} ===Arts and entertainment=== {{Main|Asian Americans in arts and entertainment}} {{See also|Asian American art|Asian American literature |Asian Americans in music|Asian-American theatre|American television series with Asian leads}} [[File:Jerry Yang in 2010.jpg|thumb|right|[[Jerry Yang]], billionaire co-founder of the search engine [[Yahoo!]]. He is currently the founding partner of the venture fund AME Cloud Ventures]] [[File:Kamran Elahian, Steve Chen, and Jamie_Chen.jpg|thumb|right|[[Steve Chen]] (middle), co-founder of [[YouTube]].]] [[File:Jensen Huang at Computex Taipei 20160531a.jpg|thumb|[[Jensen Huang]], billionaire, founder and [[CEO]] of [[Nvidia]], the largest [[AI]] conglomerate and the largest company in the world as of November 2024]] [[File:Professor Steven Chu ForMemRS headshot.jpg|thumb|right|[[Steven Chu]], physicist, former Secretary of Energy (2009β2013), winner of 1997 Nobel Prize in [[Physics]] for research in laser cooling.]] [[File:Kamala Harris Vice Presidential Portrait.jpg|thumb|[[Kamala Harris]], former Vice President of the United States]] [[File:MS-Exec-Nadella-Satya-2017-08-31-22 (cropped).jpg|thumb|[[Satya Nadella]], current Chairman and CEO of [[Microsoft]]]] [[File:RADM Kenneth P. Moritsugu, USPHSCC.jpg|thumb|right|[[Kenneth P. Moritsugu]] was the first Asian American Surgeon General of the US.]] Asian Americans have been involved in the [[entertainment industry]] since the first half of the 19th century, when [[Chang and Eng Bunker]] (the original "Siamese Twins") became naturalized citizens.<ref>[http://faizhao.blogdriver.com/faizhao/521445.html We Are Siamese Twins-Faiηεθ£ηζ΄»] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071222182830/http://faizhao.blogdriver.com/faizhao/521445.html |date=December 22, 2007 }}</ref> Throughout the 20th century, acting roles in television, film, and theater were relatively few, and many available roles were for narrow, stereotypical characters. [[Bruce Lee]] (born in San Francisco, CA) only achieved movie stardom after leaving the United States for Hong Kong. More recently, young Asian American comedians and film-makers have found an outlet on [[YouTube]] allowing them to gain a strong and loyal fanbase among their fellow Asian Americans.<ref>{{cite news|title=YouTube Spawns Asian-American Celebrities |first=Elizabeth |last=Lee |url=http://m.voanews.com/rss.jsp;jsessionid=185B5BBA953982AB4D008141A1942BF7.aldo2?id=3132&rssid=25273271&item=http%3a%2f%2fwww.voanews.com%2frss%2fmobiletech.aspx%3farticleid%3d1612459&cid=25228001&show=full |newspaper=VAO News |date=February 28, 2013 |access-date=March 4, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130218124215/http://m.voanews.com/rss.jsp |archive-date=February 18, 2013 |df=mdy }}</ref> There have been several Asian American-centric television shows in American media, beginning with ''[[Mr. T and Tina]]'' in 1976, and as recent as the TV series ''[[Fresh Off the Boat]]'' in 2015.<ref>{{cite news |last=Chow |first=Kat |date=February 5, 2015 |title=A Brief, Weird History Of Squashed Asian-American TV Shows |url=https://www.npr.org/blogs/codeswitch/2015/02/05/383520596/a-brief-weird-history-of-squashed-asian-american-tv-shows |newspaper=NPR |access-date=February 8, 2015 |archive-date=February 8, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150208031301/http://www.npr.org/blogs/codeswitch/2015/02/05/383520596/a-brief-weird-history-of-squashed-asian-american-tv-shows |url-status=live }}<br />{{cite news |last=Cruz |first=Lenika |date=February 4, 2015 |title=Why There's So Much Riding on Fresh Off the Boat |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2015/02/fresh-off-the-boats-sophomore-anxiety/385152/ |newspaper=The Atlantic |access-date=February 8, 2015 |archive-date=February 7, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150207063558/http://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2015/02/fresh-off-the-boats-sophomore-anxiety/385152/ |url-status=live }}<br />{{cite news |last=Gamboa |first=Glenn |date=January 30, 2015 |title=Eddie Huang a fresh voice in 'Fresh Off the Boat' |url=http://www.newsday.com/entertainment/tv/eddie-huang-a-fresh-voice-in-fresh-off-the-boat-1.9847928 |newspaper=Newsday |location=Long Island, New York |access-date=February 8, 2015 |archive-date=February 7, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150207081103/http://www.newsday.com/entertainment/tv/eddie-huang-a-fresh-voice-in-fresh-off-the-boat-1.9847928 |url-status=live }}<br />{{cite news |last=Lee |first=Adrian |date=February 5, 2015 |title=Will Fresh Off The Boat wind up being a noble failure? |url=http://www.macleans.ca/culture/television/why-fresh-off-the-boat-may-wind-up-to-be-a-noble-failure/ |newspaper=MacLeans |location=Canada |access-date=February 8, 2015 |archive-date=February 8, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150208124725/http://www.macleans.ca/culture/television/why-fresh-off-the-boat-may-wind-up-to-be-a-noble-failure/ |url-status=live }}<br />{{cite news |last=Oriel |first=Christina |date=December 20, 2014 |title=Asian American sitcom to air on ABC in 2015 |url=http://asianjournal.com/entertainment/asian-american-sitcom-to-air-on-abc-in-2015/ |newspaper=Asian Journal |location=Los Angeles |access-date=February 8, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150207054010/http://asianjournal.com/entertainment/asian-american-sitcom-to-air-on-abc-in-2015/ |archive-date=February 7, 2015 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}<br />{{cite news |last=Beale |first=Lewis |date=February 3, 2015 |title=The Overdue Asian TV Movement |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/02/03/the-overdue-asian-tv-movement.html |newspaper=The Daily Beast |access-date=February 8, 2015 |archive-date=February 11, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150211052612/http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/02/03/the-overdue-asian-tv-movement.html |url-status=live }}<br />{{cite news |last=Yang |first=Jeff |date=May 2, 2014 |title=Why the 'Fresh Off the Boat' TV Series Could Change the Game |url=https://blogs.wsj.com/speakeasy/2014/05/02/why-fresh-off-the-boat-tv-series-could-change-the-game/ |newspaper=The Wall Street Journal |access-date=February 8, 2015 |archive-date=May 12, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512225355/http://blogs.wsj.com/speakeasy/2014/05/02/why-fresh-off-the-boat-tv-series-could-change-the-game/ |url-status=live }}<br />{{cite book|author=Joann Faung Jean Lee|title=Asian American Actors: Oral Histories from Stage, Screen, and Television|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FT34Zr2F7EIC&pg=PA98|date=August 1, 2000|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-7864-0730-9|page=98|access-date=October 16, 2015|archive-date=April 27, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160427233412/https://books.google.com/books?id=FT34Zr2F7EIC&pg=PA98|url-status=live}}<br />{{cite news |last=Branch |first=Chris |date=February 5, 2015 |title='Fresh Off The Boat' Brings Asian-Americans To The Table On Network TV |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/02/05/fresh-off-the-boat-network-tv_n_6623930.html |newspaper=Huffington Post |access-date=February 8, 2015 |archive-date=February 7, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150207112413/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/02/05/fresh-off-the-boat-network-tv_n_6623930.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In the Pacific, American beatboxer of [[Chinese immigration to Hawaii|Hawaii Chinese]] descent Jason Tom co-founded the Human Beatbox Academy to perpetuate the art of beatboxing through outreach performances, speaking engagements and workshops in [[Honolulu]], the westernmost and southernmost major US city of the 50th US state of [[Hawaii]].<ref name="University of Hawai{{okina}}i Alumni">{{cite web|title=Hawai'i's Human Beatbox|url=https://uhalumni.org/kapiolani/story/hawaiis-human-beatbox|access-date=January 23, 2021|work=University of Hawai{{okina}}i Foundation Office of Alumni Relations|date=19 October 2018|archive-date=January 31, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210131051242/https://uhalumni.org/kapiolani/story/hawaiis-human-beatbox|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="UH News">{{cite web | title = Kapi{{okina}}olani CC alum stays on beat spreading message of perseverance | url = https://www.hawaii.edu/news/2018/12/13/kapiolani-cc-human-beatbox/ | access-date = January 23, 2021 | work = University of Hawai{{okina}}i News | date = December 13, 2018 | archive-date = December 15, 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191215212233/https://www.hawaii.edu/news/2018/12/13/kapiolani-cc-human-beatbox/ | url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="Kapi{{okina}}o News">{{cite news|last1=Yamashiro|first1=Lexus|title=KCC Alumnus Inspires Community Through Beatboxing, Motivational Speaking|url=https://www.kapionews.com/index.php/2017/07/19/kcc-alumnus-inspires-community-through-beatboxing-motivational-speaking/|access-date=January 23, 2021|work=Kapi{{okina}}o News|date=15 July 2017|archive-date=January 29, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210129121521/https://www.kapionews.com/index.php/2017/07/19/kcc-alumnus-inspires-community-through-beatboxing-motivational-speaking/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="University of Hawai{{okina}}i at Kapi{{okina}}olani Alumni">{{cite web|title=Hawai{{okina}}i's Human Beatbox|url=https://uhalumni.org/news/story/hawaiis-human-beatbox|last=Ching|first=Kapi{{okina}}olani|date=December 13, 2018|work=University of Hawai{{okina}}i at Kapi{{okina}}olani Alumni|access-date=January 23, 2021|archive-date=January 30, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210130222016/https://uhalumni.org/news/story/hawaiis-human-beatbox|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="The International Wave">{{cite web|last=Lim|first=Woojin|title=Jason Tom: Hawaii's Human Beatbox|url=https://medium.com/the-international-wave/jason-tom-hawaiis-human-beatbox-bb55c49e551|access-date=January 23, 2021|work=The International Wave: A Collection of In-Depth Conversations With Artists of Asian Descent|date=January 21, 2021|archive-date=January 23, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123050520/https://medium.com/the-international-wave/jason-tom-hawaiis-human-beatbox-bb55c49e551|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Melliennial Magazine">{{cite web|last1=Hulme|first1=Julia|title=Jason Tom: The Human BeatBox|url=http://millennialmagazine.com/jason-tom-the-human-beatbox/|work=Millennial Magazine|access-date=January 23, 2021|date=January 25, 2016|archive-date=October 3, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161003105256/http://millennialmagazine.com/jason-tom-the-human-beatbox/|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Business=== {{Missing information|section|the history of the subject|date=August 2009}} When Asian Americans were largely excluded from labor markets in the 19th century, they started their own businesses. They have started convenience and grocery stores, professional offices such as medical and law practices, laundries, restaurants, beauty-related ventures, hi-tech companies, and many other kinds of enterprises, becoming very successful and influential in American society. They have dramatically expanded their involvement across the American economy. Asian Americans have been disproportionately successful in the hi-tech sectors of California's Silicon Valley, as evidenced by the [[Goldsea]] 100 Compilation of America's Most Successful Asian Entrepreneurs.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://goldsea.com/Profiles/100/100.html | title=100 Most Successful Asian American Entrepreneurs | access-date=November 3, 2010 | archive-date=November 24, 2010 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101124044834/http://goldsea.com/Profiles/100/100.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Compared to their population base, Asian Americans today are well represented in the professional sector and tend to earn higher wages.<ref name="Broad racial disparities persist">{{cite web |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna15704759 |title=Broad racial disparities persist |website=[[NBC News]] |date=November 14, 2006 |access-date=December 18, 2006 |df=mdy |archive-date=March 5, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130305120336/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/15704759/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The Goldsea compilation of Notable Asian American Professionals show that many have come to occupy high positions at leading US corporations, including a disproportionately large number as Chief Marketing Officers.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://goldsea.com/Text/index.php?id=2457 | title=Notable Asian American Professionals | access-date=November 3, 2010 | archive-date=October 20, 2010 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101020205700/http://goldsea.com/Text/index.php?id=2457 | url-status=live }}</ref> Asian Americans have made major contributions to the American economy. In 2012, there were just under 486,000 Asian American-owned businesses in the US, which together employed more than 3.6 million workers, generating $707.6 billion in total receipts and sales, with annual payrolls of $112 billion. In 2015, Asian American and Pacific Islander households had $455.6 billion in spending power (comparable to the annual revenue of [[Walmart]]) and made tax contributions of $184.0 billion.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://research.newamericaneconomy.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/NAE-AAPI-v14.pdf|date=October 2017|title=How Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders Contribute to the U.S. Economy|publisher=Partnership for a New American Economy Research Fund|pages=4, 12, 19|access-date=February 15, 2020|archive-date=February 15, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215203744/http://research.newamericaneconomy.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/NAE-AAPI-v14.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Fashion designer and mogul [[Vera Wang]], who is famous for designing dresses for high-profile celebrities, started a clothing company, named after herself, which now offers a broad range of luxury fashion products. [[An Wang]] founded [[Wang Laboratories]] in June 1951. [[Amar Bose]] founded the [[Bose Corporation]] in 1964. [[Charles Wang]] founded [[CA, Inc.|Computer Associates]], later became its CEO and chairman. Two brothers, David Khym and Kenny Khym founded [[hip hop fashion]] giant [[Southpole (clothing)|Southpole]] in 1991. [[Jen-Hsun Huang|Jen-Hsun "Jensen" Huang]] co-founded the [[Nvidia]] corporation in 1993. [[Jerry Yang (entrepreneur)|Jerry Yang]] co-founded [[Yahoo!]] Inc. in 1994 and became its CEO later. [[Andrea Jung]] serves as chairman and CEO of [[Avon Products]]. [[Vinod Khosla]] was a founding CEO of [[Sun Microsystems]] and is a general partner of the prominent venture capital firm [[Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers]]. [[Steve Chen (YouTube)|Steve Chen]] and [[Jawed Karim]] were co-creators of YouTube, and were beneficiaries of [[Google]]'s $1.65 billion acquisition of that company in 2006. [[Eric Yuan]], founder of [[Zoom Video Communications]], and [[Shahid Khan]], owner of the [[Jacksonville Jaguars]] among others, are both in the US top 100 in terms of net worth, according to [[Forbes]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/eric-yuan/|title=Eric Yuan & family|website=Forbes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/shahid-khan/|title=Shahid Khan|first=Shahid|last=Khan|website=Forbes}}</ref> In addition to contributing greatly to other fields, Asian Americans have made considerable contributions in science and technology in the United States, in such prominent innovative [[R&D]] regions as [[Silicon Valley]] and [[Research Triangle|The Triangle]]. ===Government and politics=== {{Main|Asian Americans in government and politics}} {{See also|Foreign relations of the United States#East Asia|Foreign relations of the United States#South Asia|Foreign relations of the United States#Southeast Asia}} Asian Americans have a high level of political incorporation in terms of their actual voting population. Since 1907, Asian Americans have been active at the national level and have had multiple officeholders at local, state, and national levels. As more Asian Americans have been elected to public office, they have had a growing impact on foreign relations of the United States, immigration, international trade, and other topics.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Zhao|first1=Xiaojian|last2=Ph.D.|first2=Edward J.W. Park|title=Asian Americans: An Encyclopedia of Social, Cultural, Economic, and Political History [3 volumes]: An Encyclopedia of Social, Cultural, Economic, and Political History|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3AxIAgAAQBAJ&pg=RA1-PR28|date=26 November 2013|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-59884-240-1|page=1|chapter=Conclusion|access-date=December 11, 2019|archive-date=June 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200601011602/https://books.google.com/books?id=3AxIAgAAQBAJ&pg=RA1-PR28|url-status=live}}<br />{{cite book|last1=Collet|first1=Christian|last2=Lien|first2=Pei-Te|title=The Transnational Politics of Asian Americans|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uhasTFXN3v8C&pg=PR11|date=28 July 2009|publisher=Temple University Press|isbn=978-1-59213-862-3|page=11|access-date=December 11, 2019|archive-date=June 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200601061836/https://books.google.com/books?id=uhasTFXN3v8C&pg=PR11|url-status=live}}</ref> The first Asian American to be elected to the [[United States Congress]] was [[Dalip Singh Saund]] in 1957. The highest ranked Asian American to serve in the United States Congress was Senator and [[President pro tempore of the United States Senate|President pro tempore]] [[Daniel Inouye]], who died in office in 2012. There are several active [[List of Asian Americans in the United States Congress|Asian Americans in the United States Congress]]. With higher proportions and densities of Asian American populations, Hawaii has most consistently sent Asian Americans to the Senate, and [[Hawaii]] and [[California]] have most consistently sent Asian Americans to the House of Representatives.<ref>{{cite web |title=U.S. Senate: Asian American, Pacific Islander, and Native Hawaiian Senators |url=https://www.senate.gov/senators/asian-american-senators.htm |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=www.senate.gov}}</ref> The first Asian American member of the US cabinet was [[Norman Mineta]], who served as [[Secretary of Commerce]] and then [[Secretary of Transportation]] in the George W. Bush administration. As of 2021, the highest ranked Asian American by [[United States order of precedence|order of precedence]] is [[Vice President of the United States|Vice President]] [[Kamala Harris]]. Previously, the highest ranked Asian American was Secretary of Transportation [[Elaine Chao]] (2017β2021), who had also been in the order of precedence as [[US Secretary of Labor]] (2001β2009). There have been roughly "about a half-dozen viable Asian-American candidates" to ever run for [[president of the United States]].<ref name=YangDrops>{{cite news|author=Matt Stevens|title=Andrew Yang Drops Out: 'It Is Clear Tonight From the Numbers That We Are Not Going to Win'|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/11/us/politics/andrew-yang-drops-out.html|newspaper=The New York Times|date=February 11, 2020|access-date=February 15, 2020|archive-date=September 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924050541/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/11/us/politics/andrew-yang-drops-out.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Senator [[Hiram Fong]] of Hawaii, the child of Chinese immigrants, was a "[[favorite son]]" candidate at the [[1964 Republican National Convention|Republican National Conventions of 1964]] and [[1968 Republican National Convention|1968]].<ref name=Wang2015>{{cite news |last=Kai-Hwa Wang |first=Francis |date=25 June 2015 |title=Indian Americans React to Bobby Jindal Presidential Announcement |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/asian-america/indian-americans-react-bobby-jindal-presidential-announcement-n381596 |work=NBC News |access-date=20 August 2019 |archive-date=August 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190828124727/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/asian-america/indian-americans-react-bobby-jindal-presidential-announcement-n381596 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |agency=The Associated Press |date=19 August 2004 |title=Hiram L. Fong, 97, Senator From Hawaii in 60's and 70's |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/08/19/us/hiram-l-fong-97-senator-from-hawaii-in-60-s-and-70-s.html |work=The New York Times |access-date=20 August 2019 |archive-date=July 18, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190718172104/https://www.nytimes.com/2004/08/19/us/hiram-l-fong-97-senator-from-hawaii-in-60-s-and-70-s.html |url-status=live }}<br />{{cite book|last1=Zhao|first1=Xiaojian|last2=Park|first2=Edward J.W.|title=Asian Americans: An Encyclopedia of Social, Cultural, Economic, and Political History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3AxIAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA435|date=26 November 2013|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-59884-240-1|page=435|access-date=August 21, 2019|archive-date=May 30, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200530044827/https://books.google.com/books?id=3AxIAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA435|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1972, Representative [[Patsy T. Mink]] of Hawaii, a [[Japanese American]], unsuccessfully sought the [[1972 Democratic Party presidential primaries|Democratic nomination for president]].<ref>{{cite news|author=Wallace Turner|title=Mrs. Mink, Vying With McGovern, Offers Oregon a Choice|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1972/05/10/archives/mrs-mink-vying-with-mcgovern-offers-oregon-a-choice.html|newspaper=The New York Times|date=May 10, 1972|access-date=February 15, 2020|archive-date=March 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210326122538/https://www.nytimes.com/1972/05/10/archives/mrs-mink-vying-with-mcgovern-offers-oregon-a-choice.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Louisiana Governor [[Bobby Jindal 2016 presidential campaign|Bobby Jindal]], the son of Indian immigrants, unsuccessfully sought the [[2016 Republican Party presidential primaries|Republican nomination for president]] in 2016.<ref>{{cite news|author=Jonathan Martin|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/18/us/politics/bobby-jindal-presidential-race.html|newspaper=The New York Times|date=November 18, 2015|title=Bobby Jindal Quits Republican Presidential Race|access-date=February 15, 2020|archive-date=March 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210326122537/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/18/us/politics/bobby-jindal-presidential-race.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Entrepreneur and nonprofit founder [[Andrew Yang 2020 presidential campaign|Andrew Yang]], the son of Taiwanese immigrants, unsuccessfully sought the [[2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries|Democratic nomination for president in 2020]].<ref name=YangDrops/> In January 2021, [[Kamala Harris]], the daughter of an Indian mother and a Jamaican father became the first Asian American [[Vice President of the United States]].<ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Purna Kamphampaty|first1=Anna|last2=Lang|first2=Cady|date=November 7, 2020|title=The Historic Barriers Kamala Harris Overcame to Reach the Vice-Presidency|url=https://time.com/5908579/kamala-harris-historic-vice-president/|access-date=2020-11-09|magazine=Time|archive-date=March 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210326122539/https://time.com/5908579/kamala-harris-historic-vice-president/|url-status=live}}</ref> King [[Bhumibol Adulyadej]] (1927β2016) was the first monarch to be born in the United States. He reigned the throne of Thailand from 1946 to 2016. ====Voting behavior==== Asian Americans were once a strong constituency for [[Republican Party (United States)|Republicans]]. In [[1992 United States presidential election|1992]], [[George H. W. Bush]] won 55% of Asian voters.<ref>{{cite web |title=How Groups Voted in 1992 {{!}} Roper Center for Public Opinion Research |url=https://ropercenter.cornell.edu/how-groups-voted-1992 |access-date=2022-11-04 |website=ropercenter.cornell.edu}}</ref> However, by [[2020 United States presidential election|2020]], Asian Americans shifted to supporting [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrats]], giving [[Joe Biden]] 70% support to [[Donald Trump]]'s 29%.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=2021-05-21 |title=Understanding The 2020 Electorate: AP VoteCast Survey |language=en |work=NPR |url=https://www.npr.org/2020/11/03/929478378/understanding-the-2020-electorate-ap-votecast-survey |access-date=2022-11-04}}</ref> Ethnic background and country of origin have determined Asian American voting behavior in recent elections, with [[Indian Americans]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Despite Trump-Modi Friendship, Survey Says Indian Americans Back Biden |language=en |work=NPR |url=https://www.npr.org/2020/10/27/927828785/despite-trump-modi-friendship-survey-says-indian-americans-back-biden |access-date=2022-11-04}}</ref> and to a lesser extent [[Chinese Americans]] being strong constituencies for Democrats, and [[Vietnamese Americans]] being a strong constituency for Republicans.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Cai |first1=Weiyi |last2=Fessenden |first2=Ford |date=2020-12-21 |title=Immigrant Neighborhoods Shifted Red as the Country Chose Blue |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/12/20/us/politics/election-hispanics-asians-voting.html |access-date=2022-11-04 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Sixty eight percent of Filipinos surveyed for a 2023 survey said they identified politically with the Democratic Party and voted for Democrats.<ref name="Voice of America">{{cite web | url=https://www.voanews.com/a/pew-study-finds-asian-americans-identify-themselves-in-diverse-ways-/7083549.html | title=Pew Study Finds Asian Americans Identify Themselves in Diverse Ways | date=May 8, 2023 }}</ref> ===Journalism=== {{See also|Asian Americans in broadcast journalism|Asian American Journalists Association}} [[Connie Chung]] was one of the first Asian American national correspondents for a major TV [[news network]], reporting for CBS in 1971. She later co-anchored the ''CBS Evening News'' from 1993 to 1995, becoming the first Asian American national news anchor.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wc.pdx.edu/conniechung/ConnieChung.html |title=CONNIE CHUNG |work=World Changers |publisher=[[Portland State University]] |access-date=February 21, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309050434/http://www.wc.pdx.edu/conniechung/ConnieChung.html |archive-date=March 9, 2012 }}</ref> At ABC, [[Ken Kashiwahara]] began reporting nationally in 1974. In 1989, [[Emil Guillermo]], a Filipino American born reporter from San Francisco, became the first Asian American male to co-host a national news show when he was senior host at National Public Radio's ''[[All Things Considered]]''. In 1990, [[Sheryl WuDunn]], a foreign correspondent in the Beijing Bureau of ''[[The New York Times]]'', became the first Asian American to win a Pulitzer Prize. [[Ann Curry]] joined NBC News as a reporter in 1990, later becoming prominently associated with ''The Today Show'' in 1997. [[Carol Lin]] is perhaps best known for being the first to break the news of [[9-11]] on CNN. [[Sanjay Gupta|Dr. Sanjay Gupta]] is currently CNN's chief health correspondent. [[Lisa Ling]], a former co-host on ''The View'', now provides special reports for CNN and ''The Oprah Winfrey Show'', as well as hosting National Geographic Channel's ''Explorer.'' [[Fareed Zakaria]], a naturalized Indian-born immigrant, is a prominent journalist and author specializing in international affairs. He is the editor-at-large of [[Time magazine]], and the host of [[Fareed Zakaria GPS]] on [[CNN]]. [[Juju Chang]], James Hatori, [[John Yang (journalist)|John Yang]], [[Veronica De La Cruz]], [[Michelle Malkin]], [[Betty Nguyen]], and [[Julie Chen]] have become familiar faces on television news. John Yang won a Peabody Award. [[Alex Tizon]], a [[Seattle Times]] staff writer, won a Pulitzer Prize in 1997. ===Military=== {{Main|Military history of Asian Americans}} {{See also|List of Asian Americans#Military|l1=Notable Asian Americans in the military}} Since the [[War of 1812]], Asian Americans have [[United States armed forces|served]] and [[Military history of the United States|fought]] on behalf of the United States. Serving in both segregated and non-segregated units until the [[Executive Order 9981|desegregation of the US Military in 1948]], [[List of Asian American Medal of Honor recipients|31]] have been awarded the nation's highest award for combat valor, the [[Medal of Honor]]. Twenty-one of these were conferred upon members of the mostly Japanese American 100th Infantry Battalion of the [[442nd Infantry Regiment (United States)|442nd Regimental Combat Team]] of World War II, the most highly decorated unit of its size in the history of the United States Armed Forces.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=McNaughton|first1=James C.|last2=Edwards|first2=Kristen E.|last3=Price|first3=Jay M.|date=2002-11-01|title="Incontestable Proof Will Be Exacted": Historians, Asian Americans, and the Medal of Honor|journal=The Public Historian|language=en|volume=24|issue=4|pages=11β33|doi=10.1525/tph.2002.24.4.11|issn=0272-3433}}</ref> The highest ranked Asian American military official was [[United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs|Secretary of Veteran Affairs]], four-star general and Army Chief of Staff [[Eric Shinseki]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Harper |first1=Jon |last2=Tritten |first2=Travis J. |date=30 May 2014 |title=VA Secretary Eric Shinseki resigns |url=http://www.stripes.com/news/us/va-secretary-eric-shinseki-resigns-1.286217 |newspaper=[[Stars and Stripes (newspaper)|Stars and Stripes]] |access-date=25 June 2014 |archive-date=June 16, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616103244/https://www.stripes.com/news/us/va-secretary-eric-shinseki-resigns-1.286217 |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Science and technology=== {{Main|Asian Americans in science and technology}} [[File:SXSW-2024-alih-OB7A0861-Lisa Su.jpg|thumb|[[Lisa Su]], CEO of [[AMD]] since October 2014.]] Asian Americans have made many notable contributions to science and technology. In the technological sector, Asian Americans are the most influential. According to an article by website ideas.ted.com, over 40% of the high-tech companies are established by highly skilled Asian American people. It also states that AAPI (Asian American Pacific Islanders) has been contributing to remarkable technological innovations and scientific discoveries. For example, the co-founders of Yahoo, Zoom, YouTube, and LinkedIn are Asian American contributors. In the 21st century, Asian Americans are building connections with other Asian countries, such as China, Korea, Bangladesh, and India. Another example could be the CEO of [[Microsoft]], originally from India, Satya Nadella is an example of the contribution of Asian Americans in the technological fields. Asian Americans have a vital contribution not only in technology, and education but also in political aspects. An article by the US Department of Agriculture posted on their website is an example, stating that the birthright citizenship law passed in the US Supreme Court due to a year-long battle between Wong Kim Ark (a Chinese immigrant born in San Francisco) and the US Department of Justice. Kamala Harris, daughter of an Indian immigrant became the first Asian American vice president of the United States in 2021. ===Sports=== {{Main|Asian Americans in sports}} Asian Americans have contributed to sports in the United States through much of the 20th century. Some of the most notable contributions include Olympic sports, but also in professional sports, particularly in the post-World War II years. As the Asian American population grew in the late 20th century, Asian American contributions expanded to more sports. Examples of female Asian American athletes include [[Michelle Kwan]], [[Chloe Kim]], [[Miki Gorman]], [[Mirai Nagasu]], and [[Maia Shibutani]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Wenjen |first1=Mia |title=Asian Pacific American female Athletes Changing the Game |url=https://www.mamasmiles.com/asian-pacific-american-female-athletes/ |website=Mama Smiles |date=March 6, 2021 |access-date=19 May 2021}}</ref> Examples of male Asian American athletes include [[Jeremy Lin]], [[Tiger Woods]], [[Hines Ward]], [[Richard Park (ice hockey)|Richard Park]], and [[Nathan Adrian]].
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