Editing Archimedes (section)

==== ''Ostomachion'' ====
{{Main|Ostomachion}}
[[File:Stomachion.JPG|thumb|''[[Ostomachion]]'' is a [[dissection puzzle]] found in the [[Archimedes Palimpsest]]|200x200px]]
Also known as '''Loculus of Archimedes''' or '''Archimedes' Box''',<ref name=":1" /> this is a [[dissection puzzle]] similar to a [[Tangram]], and the treatise describing it was found in more complete form in the [[Archimedes Palimpsest]]. Archimedes calculates the areas of the 14 pieces which can be assembled to form a [[square]]. [[Reviel Netz]] of [[Stanford University]] argued in 2003 that Archimedes was attempting to determine how many ways the pieces could be assembled into the shape of a square. Netz calculates that the pieces can be made into a square 17,152 ways.<ref>{{cite news |title=In Archimedes' Puzzle, a New Eureka Moment |author=Kolata, Gina |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=14 December 2003 |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D00E6DD133CF937A25751C1A9659C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all |access-date=23 July 2007}}</ref> The number of arrangements is 536 when solutions that are equivalent by rotation and reflection are excluded.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Loculus of Archimedes, Solved |author=Ed Pegg Jr. |publisher=[[Mathematical Association of America]] |date=17 November 2003 |url=http://www.maa.org/editorial/mathgames/mathgames_11_17_03.html |access-date=18 May 2008}}</ref> The puzzle represents an example of an early problem in [[combinatorics]].

The origin of the puzzle's name is unclear, and it has been suggested that it is taken from the [[Ancient Greek]] word for "throat" or "gullet", ''stomachos'' ({{lang|grc|στόμαχος}}).<ref>{{cite web |first=Chris |last=Rorres |url=http://math.nyu.edu/~crorres/Archimedes/Stomachion/intro.html |title=Archimedes' Stomachion |publisher=Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences |access-date=14 September 2007}}</ref> [[Ausonius]] calls the puzzle {{Langx|grc|Ostomachion|label=none|italic=yes}}, a Greek compound word formed from the roots of {{Langx|grc|osteon|label=none|italic=yes}} ({{Langx|grc|ὀστέον|label=none|lit=bone}}) and {{Langx|grc|machē|label=none|italic=yes}} ({{Langx|grc|μάχη|label=none|lit=fight}}).<ref name=":1">{{cite web |url=http://www.archimedes-lab.org/latin.html#archimede |title=Graeco Roman Puzzles |publisher=Gianni A. Sarcone and Marie J. Waeber |access-date=9 May 2008}}</ref>