Editing Arch (section)

=== Islamic ===
Islamic architects adopted the Roman arches, but had quickly shown their resourcefulness: by the 8th century the simple semicircular arch was almost entirely replaced with fancier shapes, few fine examples of the former in the [[Umayyad architecture]] notwithstanding (cf. the [[Great Mosque of Damascus]], 706–715 CE). The first [[pointed arch]]es appear already at the end of the 7th century AD ([[Al-Aqsa Mosque]], [[Palace of Ukhaidhir]], [[cisterns]] at the [[White Mosque of Ramle]]{{sfn|Saoud|2002|p=5}}{{sfn|Graves|2009}}). Their variations spread fast and wide: [[Mosque of Ibn Tulun]] in Cairo (876-879 AD), Nizamiyya Madrasa at [[Khar Gerd]] (now [[Iran]], 11th century), Kongo Mosque in [[Diani Beach]] ([[Kenya]], 16th century).{{sfn | Woodman | Bloom | 2003 | loc= Indian subcontinent and Islamic lands }}{{sfn|Graves|2009}}

Islamic architecture brought to life a large amount of arch forms: the round [[horseshoe arch]] that became a characteristic trait of the Islamic buildings, the [[keel arch]], the [[cusped arch]],  and the [[mixed-line arch]] (where the curved "ogee swell" is interspersed with abrupt bends).{{sfn|Graves|2009}} The [[Great Mosque of Cordoba]], that can be considered a catalogue of Islamic arches, contains also the arches with almost straight sides, [[trefoil arch|trefoil]], [[interlaced arches|interlaced]], and [[joggled arch|joggled]]. Mosque of Ibn Tulun adds [[four-centred arch|four-centred]] and [[stilted arch|stilted]] version of the pointed arch.{{sfn | Woodman | Bloom | 2003 | loc= Indian subcontinent and Islamic lands }}  

It is quite likely that the appearance of the pointed arch, an essential element of the [[Gothic style]], in Europe ([[Monte Cassino]], 1066–1071 AD, and the [[Cluny Abbey]] five years later) and the [[ogee arch]] in Venice ({{circa}} 1250) is a result of the Islamic influence,{{sfn | Woodman | Bloom | 2003 | loc= Indian subcontinent and Islamic lands }}  possibly through [[Sicily]].{{sfn|Saoud|2002|p=7}} Saoud{{sfn|Saoud|2002|p=4}} also credits to Islamic architects the spread of the [[transverse arch]]. Mixed-line arch became popular in the [[Mudéjar style]] and subsequently spread around the Spanish-speaking world.{{sfn | Martinez Nespral | 2023 | p=15}}

<gallery>
File:CSC 0117 (5299538961).jpg|Semicircular arches at the Umayyad mosque
File:Cisterns of the White Mosque, Ramla IMG 5271.JPG|Pointed arches in the cisterns of the White Mosque in [[Ramla]]
File:Cordoue - Mosquée - arcature 2.JPG|Trefoil arches at the Cordoba Mosque
File:CordobaMezquita01.jpg|Interlaced arches at the Cordoba Mosque
File:Cordoue - Mosquée - arcature.JPG|Horseshoe arches at the Cordoba Mosque
File:Córdoba 2014.06.jpg|Ogee arch at the Cordoba Mosque
File:Detalle de la Puerta del Perdón - Mezquita de Córdoba.jpg|Cusped arhes at the Cordoba Mosque
File:Mixed line arches.png|Mixed line arches at [[Palacio de Torre Tagle]], Lima, Peru (1735)
</gallery>