Editing Apoptosis (section)

====HeLa cell====
Apoptosis in [[HeLa]]{{efn|HeLa cells are an immortalized cancer cell line used frequently in research. The cell line was established by removing cells directly from [[Henrietta Lacks]], a cancer patient.}} cells is inhibited by proteins produced by the cell; these inhibitory proteins target retinoblastoma tumor-suppressing proteins.<ref name=DelPuerto/> These tumor-suppressing proteins regulate the cell cycle, but are rendered inactive when bound to an inhibitory protein.<ref name=DelPuerto/> HPV E6 and E7 are inhibitory proteins expressed by the human papillomavirus, HPV being responsible for the formation of the cervical tumor from which HeLa cells are derived.<ref name=Liu>{{cite journal | vauthors = Liu HC, Chen GG, Vlantis AC, Tse GM, Chan AT, van Hasselt CA | title = Inhibition of apoptosis in human laryngeal cancer cells by E6 and E7 oncoproteins of human papillomavirus 16 | journal = Journal of Cellular Biochemistry | volume = 103 | issue = 4 | pages = 1125–1143 | date = March 2008 | pmid = 17668439 | doi = 10.1002/jcb.21490 | s2cid = 1651475 }}</ref> HPV E6 causes p53, which regulates the cell cycle, to become inactive.<ref name=Niu>{{cite journal | vauthors = Niu XY, Peng ZL, Duan WQ, Wang H, Wang P | title = Inhibition of HPV 16 E6 oncogene expression by RNA interference in vitro and in vivo | journal = International Journal of Gynecological Cancer | volume = 16 | issue = 2 | pages = 743–751 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16681755 | doi = 10.1111/j.1525-1438.2006.00384.x | doi-broken-date = 27 March 2025 }}</ref> HPV E7 binds to retinoblastoma tumor suppressing proteins and limits its ability to control cell division.<ref name=Niu/>  These two inhibitory proteins are partially responsible for HeLa cells' immortality by inhibiting apoptosis to occur.<ref name="Liu McKalip">{{cite journal | vauthors = Liu Y, McKalip A, Herman B | title = Human papillomavirus type 16 E6 and HPV-16 E6/E7 sensitize human keratinocytes to apoptosis induced by chemotherapeutic agents: roles of p53 and caspase activation | journal = Journal of Cellular Biochemistry | volume = 78 | issue = 2 | pages = 334–349 | date = May 2000 | pmid = 10842327 | doi = 10.1002/(sici)1097-4644(20000801)78:2<334::aid-jcb15>3.3.co;2-6 }}</ref>