Editing Antidepressant (section)

===Suicide===
{{Main|Antidepressants and suicide risk}}

Studies have shown that the use of antidepressants is correlated with an increased risk of suicidal behavior and thinking (suicidality) in those aged under 25 years old.<ref name="StoneETAL" /> This problem has been serious enough to warrant government intervention by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to warn of the increased risk of suicidality during antidepressant treatment.<ref name="pmid17485726">{{cite journal|vauthors=Friedman RA, Leon AC|title=Expanding the black box – depression, antidepressants, and the risk of suicide|journal=N. Engl. J. Med.|volume=356|issue=23|pages=2343–6|year=2007|pmid=17485726|doi=10.1056/NEJMp078015|doi-access=free}}</ref> According to the FDA, the heightened risk of suicidality occurs within the first one to two months of treatment.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drugsafety/informationbydrugclass/ucm096273|title=Antidepressant Use in Children, Adolescents, and Adults|website=[[Food and Drug Administration]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161219143824/https://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/InformationbyDrugClass/UCM096273|archive-date=19 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm088660.pdf%E2%80%8E|title=FDA Medication Guide for Antidepressants|website=[[Food and Drug Administration]]|access-date=5 June 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140818020916/https://www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm088660.pdf%E2%80%8E|archive-date=18 August 2014}}</ref> The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) places the excess risk in the "early stages of treatment".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/pdf/CG90NICEguideline.pdf|title=Depression in adults: recognition and management|work=Clinical guideline [CG90]|publisher=The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)|date=28 October 2009|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018055710/http://www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/pdf/CG90NICEguideline.pdf|archive-date=18 October 2012}}</ref> A [[meta-analysis]] suggests that the relationship between antidepressant use and suicidal behavior or thoughts is age-dependent.<ref name="StoneETAL" /> Compared with placebo, the use of antidepressants is associated with an increase in suicidal behavior or thoughts among those 25 years old or younger ([[odds ratio|OR]]=1.62). A review of RCTs and epidemiological studies by Healy and Whitaker found an increase in suicidal acts by a factor of 2.4.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Antidepressants and suicide: risk-benefit conundrums|journal=Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience|year=2003|vauthors=Healy D, Whitaker C|volume=28|issue=5|pages=331–337|pmid=14517576|pmc=193979}}</ref> There is no effect or possibly a mild protective effect among those aged 25 to 64 (OR=0.79). Antidepressant treatment has a protective effect against suicidality among those aged 65 and over (OR=0.37).<ref name="StoneETAL">{{cite journal|vauthors=Stone M, Laughren T, Jones ML, Levenson M, Holland PC, Hughes A, Hammad TA, Temple R, Rochester G|title=Risk of suicidality in clinical trials of antidepressants in adults: analysis of proprietary data submitted to US Food and Drug Administration|journal=The BMJ|volume=339|pages=b2880|year=2009|pmid=19671933|pmc=2725270|doi=10.1136/bmj.b2880}}</ref><ref name="dhintrev">{{cite journal|vauthors=Healy D, Aldred G|s2cid=6599566|year=2005|title=Antidepressant drug use and the risk of suicide|url=http://www.davidhealy.org.php53-23.dfw1-1.websitetestlink.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/2005-Healy-Aldred-Antidepressants-and-Suicide1.pdf|journal=[[International Review of Psychiatry]]|volume=17|issue=3|pages=163–172|doi=10.1080/09540260500071624|pmid=16194787|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021043728/http://www.davidhealy.org.php53-23.dfw1-1.websitetestlink.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/2005-Healy-Aldred-Antidepressants-and-Suicide1.pdf|archive-date=21 October 2013}}</ref>